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Chen Y, Kong W, Liu M, Li Q, Wang Y, Zheng Y, Zhou Y. Metabolic syndrome and risk of colorectal cancer: A Mendelian randomization study. Heliyon 2024; 10:e23872. [PMID: 38223733 PMCID: PMC10784169 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e23872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Observational studies have previously demonstrated a significant relationship among both metabolic syndrome (Mets) and colorectal cancer (CRC). Whether there is a causal link remains controversial. Objective To clarify whether Mets and their components have a causal effect on colorectal cancer, we have carried out a bidirectional Mendelian randomization analysis (MR). Methods This study started from genome-wide association data for Mets and its 5 components (hypertension, waist circumference, fasting blood glucose, serum triglycerides, and serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol) and colorectal cancer. Mendelian randomization (MR) techniques were used in the study to examine their associations. Results After Benjamini-Hochberg multiple corrections, genetically predicted significant causal link exists between WC (waist circumference) and CRC. The OR was 1.35 (95 % CI: 1.08-1.69; p = 0.0096). Other Mets components (HBP, FBG, TG, HDL), on the other hand, found no evidence of a genetic link between CRC and Mets. In addition, MR results showed that CRC was not causally related to either Mets or the components. We get the same result in the validated dataset. Conclusion According to the bidirectional MR investigation shows a significant causal relationship among obesity and CRC in the Mets component but no causal relationship in the opposite direction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhua Chen
- The First Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory for Gastrointestinal Diseases of Gansu Province, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Wanru Kong
- Department of Infection Management, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Min Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory for Gastrointestinal Diseases of Gansu Province, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Qiang Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory for Gastrointestinal Diseases of Gansu Province, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yuping Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory for Gastrointestinal Diseases of Gansu Province, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Ya Zheng
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory for Gastrointestinal Diseases of Gansu Province, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yongning Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory for Gastrointestinal Diseases of Gansu Province, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
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Yang M, Zhang Q, Ge YZ, Tang M, Zhang X, Song MM, Ruan GT, Zhang XW, Zhang KP, Shi HP. Association between insulin resistance related indicators with the prognosis of patients with colorectal cancer. Cancer Epidemiol 2023; 87:102478. [PMID: 37856934 DOI: 10.1016/j.canep.2023.102478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The progression of colorectal cancer (CRC) has been linked to metabolism alteration. Because insulin resistance (IR) is the basic mechanism of metabolism alteration, IR related indicators are considered to be associated with prognostic of CRC. In this study, we compared the prognostic values of common IR related indicators for CRC and selected the best one. Moreover, we explored the association between that indicator and CRC prognosis and possible interactive covariates. METHODS Medical records of patients with CRC (n = 1765) were retrieved from the Investigation on Nutrition Status and Clinical Outcome of Common Cancers (INSCOC) study. We compared the prognostic values of IR related indicators and select the best one using concordance index (C-index) and area under curve (AUC). Using Cox proportional hazard regression models, we evaluated the association between that indicator and CRC prognosis. Interaction tests were performed to evaluate possible interactions among covariates and the IR related indicator. RESULTS Results of C-index and AUC indicated that the ratio of low-density lipoprotein-to-high-density lipoprotein (LHR) showed the highest ability to predict the prognosis of patients with CRC. LHR independently predicted CRC prognosis [hazard ratio (HR) = 1.14; 95 % confidence interval (CI) = 1.05-1.22; P = 0.001]. The interactions between LHR, and age (<65 vs. ≥65; P for interaction = 0.001) or neutrocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) (<3 vs. ≥3; P for interaction = 0.055) were also observed. CONCLUSION LHR was found to be the best IR related indicators to predict prognosis of CRC, and it was negatively correlated with the prognosis of patients with CRC. NLR and aging might interact with LHR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Yang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery/Department of Clinical Nutrition, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100038, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China; Key Laboratory of Cancer FSMP for State Market Regulation, Beijing 100038, China; Beijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Cancer Metabolism and Nutrition, Beijing 100038, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery/Department of Clinical Nutrition, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100038, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China; Key Laboratory of Cancer FSMP for State Market Regulation, Beijing 100038, China; Beijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Cancer Metabolism and Nutrition, Beijing 100038, China
| | - Yi-Zhong Ge
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery/Department of Clinical Nutrition, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100038, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China; Key Laboratory of Cancer FSMP for State Market Regulation, Beijing 100038, China; Beijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Cancer Metabolism and Nutrition, Beijing 100038, China; The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Meng Tang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery/Department of Clinical Nutrition, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100038, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China; Key Laboratory of Cancer FSMP for State Market Regulation, Beijing 100038, China; Beijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Cancer Metabolism and Nutrition, Beijing 100038, China
| | - Xi Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery/Department of Clinical Nutrition, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100038, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China; Key Laboratory of Cancer FSMP for State Market Regulation, Beijing 100038, China; Beijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Cancer Metabolism and Nutrition, Beijing 100038, China
| | - Meng-Meng Song
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery/Department of Clinical Nutrition, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100038, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China; Key Laboratory of Cancer FSMP for State Market Regulation, Beijing 100038, China; Beijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Cancer Metabolism and Nutrition, Beijing 100038, China
| | - Guo-Tian Ruan
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery/Department of Clinical Nutrition, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100038, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China; Key Laboratory of Cancer FSMP for State Market Regulation, Beijing 100038, China; Beijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Cancer Metabolism and Nutrition, Beijing 100038, China
| | - Xiao-Wei Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery/Department of Clinical Nutrition, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100038, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China; Key Laboratory of Cancer FSMP for State Market Regulation, Beijing 100038, China; Beijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Cancer Metabolism and Nutrition, Beijing 100038, China
| | - Kang-Ping Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery/Department of Clinical Nutrition, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100038, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China; Key Laboratory of Cancer FSMP for State Market Regulation, Beijing 100038, China; Beijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Cancer Metabolism and Nutrition, Beijing 100038, China
| | - Han-Ping Shi
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery/Department of Clinical Nutrition, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100038, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China; Key Laboratory of Cancer FSMP for State Market Regulation, Beijing 100038, China; Beijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Cancer Metabolism and Nutrition, Beijing 100038, China.
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Hanyuda A, Goto A, Katagiri R, Koyanagi YN, Nakatochi M, Sutoh Y, Nakano S, Oze I, Ito H, Yamaji T, Sawada N, Iwagami M, Kadota A, Koyama T, Katsuura-Kamano S, Ikezaki H, Tanaka K, Takezaki T, Imoto I, Suzuki M, Momozawa Y, Takeuchi K, Narita A, Hozawa A, Kinoshita K, Shimizu A, Tanno K, Matsuo K, Tsugane S, Wakai K, Sasaki M, Yamamoto M, Iwasaki M. Investigating the association between glycaemic traits and colorectal cancer in the Japanese population using Mendelian randomisation. Sci Rep 2023; 13:7052. [PMID: 37120602 PMCID: PMC10148817 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-33966-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Observational studies suggest that abnormal glucose metabolism and insulin resistance contribute to colorectal cancer; however, the causal association remains unknown, particularly in Asian populations. A two-sample Mendelian randomisation analysis was performed to determine the causal association between genetic variants associated with elevated fasting glucose, haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), and fasting C-peptide and colorectal cancer risk. In the single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)-exposure analysis, we meta-analysed study-level genome-wide associations of fasting glucose (~ 17,289 individuals), HbA1c (~ 52,802 individuals), and fasting C-peptide (1,666 individuals) levels from the Japanese Consortium of Genetic Epidemiology studies. The odds ratios of colorectal cancer were 1.01 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.99-1.04, P = 0.34) for fasting glucose (per 1 mg/dL increment), 1.02 (95% CI, 0.60-1.73, P = 0.95) for HbA1c (per 1% increment), and 1.47 (95% CI, 0.97-2.24, P = 0.06) for fasting C-peptide (per 1 log increment). Sensitivity analyses, including Mendelian randomisation-Egger and weighted-median approaches, revealed no significant association between glycaemic characteristics and colorectal cancer (P > 0.20). In this study, genetically predicted glycaemic characteristics were not significantly related to colorectal cancer risk. The potential association between insulin resistance and colorectal cancer should be validated in further studies.
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Grants
- 28-A-19 and 31-A-18 National Cancer Center Research and Development Fund
- 28-A-19 and 31-A-18 National Cancer Center Research and Development Fund
- 28-A-19 and 31-A-18 National Cancer Center Research and Development Fund
- 28-A-19 and 31-A-18 National Cancer Center Research and Development Fund
- 28-A-19 and 31-A-18 National Cancer Center Research and Development Fund
- 28-A-19 and 31-A-18 National Cancer Center Research and Development Fund
- No. 16H06277[CoBia] Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) KAKENHI Grant
- No. 16H06277[CoBia] Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) KAKENHI Grant
- No. 16H06277[CoBia] Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) KAKENHI Grant
- JP20km0105001, JP20km0105002, JP20km0105003, JP20km0105004 Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development
- JP20km0105001, JP20km0105002, JP20km0105003, JP20km0105004 Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development
- JP20km0105001, JP20km0105002, JP20km0105003, JP20km0105004 Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development
- JP20km0105001, JP20km0105002, JP20km0105003, JP20km0105004 Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development
- JP20km0105001, JP20km0105002, JP20km0105003, JP20km0105004 Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development
- JP20km0105001, JP20km0105002, JP20km0105003, JP20km0105004 Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development
- JP20km0105001, JP20km0105002, JP20km0105003, JP20km0105004 Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development
- JP20km0105001, JP20km0105002, JP20km0105003, JP20km0105004 Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development
- 15ck0106095h0002, 16ck0106095h0003, and 17ck0106266h001 Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development
- a Grant-in-Aid for Cancer Research Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare
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Affiliation(s)
- Akiko Hanyuda
- Division of Epidemiology, National Cancer Center Institute for Cancer Control, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-Ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Atsushi Goto
- Division of Epidemiology, National Cancer Center Institute for Cancer Control, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-Ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan.
- Department of Health Data Science, Graduate School of Data Science, Yokohama City University, 22-2 Seto, Kanazawa-Ku, Yokohama, 236-0027, Japan.
| | - Ryoko Katagiri
- Division of Epidemiology, National Cancer Center Institute for Cancer Control, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-Ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
| | - Yuriko N Koyanagi
- Division of Cancer Information and Control, Aichi Cancer Center, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Masahiro Nakatochi
- Public Health Informatics Unit, Department of Integrated Health Sciences, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Yoichi Sutoh
- Division of Biomedical Information Analysis, Iwate Tohoku Medical Megabank, Morioka, Iwate, Japan
| | - Shiori Nakano
- Division of Epidemiology, National Cancer Center Institute for Cancer Control, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-Ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
| | - Isao Oze
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention, Aichi Cancer Center, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Hidemi Ito
- Division of Cancer Information and Control, Aichi Cancer Center, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
- Division of Descriptive Cancer Epidemiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Taiki Yamaji
- Division of Epidemiology, National Cancer Center Institute for Cancer Control, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-Ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
| | - Norie Sawada
- Division of Cohort Research, National Cancer Center Institute for Cancer Control, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masao Iwagami
- Division of Epidemiology, National Cancer Center Institute for Cancer Control, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-Ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
- Department of Health Services Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
- Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Aya Kadota
- NCD Epidemiology Research Center, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Shiga, Japan
| | - Teruhide Koyama
- Department of Epidemiology for Community Health and Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Sakurako Katsuura-Kamano
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Ikezaki
- Department of Comprehensive General Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Keitaro Tanaka
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan
| | - Toshiro Takezaki
- Department of International Island and Community Medicine, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Issei Imoto
- Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Midori Suzuki
- Core Facilities, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Yukihide Momozawa
- Laboratory for Genotyping Development, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Kenji Takeuchi
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Akira Narita
- Department of Integrative Genomics, Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Atsushi Hozawa
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology, Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Kengo Kinoshita
- Department of Integrative Genomics, Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Atsushi Shimizu
- Division of Biomedical Information Analysis, Iwate Tohoku Medical Megabank, Morioka, Iwate, Japan
| | - Kozo Tanno
- Division of Clinical Research and Epidemiology, Iwate Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Iwate Medical University, Morioka, Iwate, Japan
| | - Keitaro Matsuo
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention, Aichi Cancer Center, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Shoichiro Tsugane
- Division of Cohort Research, National Cancer Center Institute for Cancer Control, Tokyo, Japan
- National Institute of Health and Nutrition, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenji Wakai
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Makoto Sasaki
- Iwate Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Iwate Medical University, Morioka, Iwate, Japan
| | - Masayuki Yamamoto
- Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Motoki Iwasaki
- Division of Epidemiology, National Cancer Center Institute for Cancer Control, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-Ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
- Division of Cohort Research, National Cancer Center Institute for Cancer Control, Tokyo, Japan
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Deng Y, Wang L, Huang J, Ding H, Wong MCS. Associations between potential causal factors and colorectal cancer risk: A systematic review and meta-analysis of Mendelian randomization studies. J Dig Dis 2022; 23:435-445. [PMID: 36169182 DOI: 10.1111/1751-2980.13130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 08/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To summarize the associations between potential causal factors and colorectal cancer (CRC) risk based on existing Mendelian randomization studies. METHODS This systematic review and meta-analysis involved a literature search in Embase and Medline. All published articles using Mendelian randomization to explore potential causal factors of CRC were included. Studies that reported Mendelian randomization estimates of standard deviation changes in exposures were included in the meta-analysis. Subgroup analyses based on sex and anatomical sites were performed. RESULTS One hundred and ninety studies presented in 51 articles were included in systematic review, and 114 studies conducted in 32 articles were included in the meta-analysis. Adult body mass index, waist circumference, waist hip ratio, body height, body fat percentage, arm fat ratio, childhood obesity, lifetime cigarette consumption, short sleep, coffee consumption, and blood levels of vitamin B12 , arachidonic acid, stearic acid, and insulin-like growth factor binding protein 3 were positively associated with CRC risk. Conversely, acceleration-vector-magnitude physical activity, milk consumption, and blood levels of adiponectin, linoleic acid, α-linolenic acid, oleic acid, palmitoleic acid, interleukin-6 receptor subunit-α, and tumor necrosis factor were inversely associated with CRC risk. CONCLUSIONS Most obesity-related anthropometric characteristics, several unhealthy lifestyles, and blood levels of some micronutrients, fatty acids, and diabetes-related biomarkers were positively associated with CRC risk. In contrast, some lifestyles and blood levels of some fatty acids and inflammatory biomarkers were inversely associated with CRC risk. Future studies with more valid genetic variants are needed for factors with discrepancies between Mendelian randomization and epidemiological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunyang Deng
- The Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Lyu Wang
- The Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Junjie Huang
- The Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Hanyue Ding
- The Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Martin Chi Sang Wong
- The Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.,School of Public Health, the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and the Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
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5
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Markozannes G, Kanellopoulou A, Dimopoulou O, Kosmidis D, Zhang X, Wang L, Theodoratou E, Gill D, Burgess S, Tsilidis KK. Systematic review of Mendelian randomization studies on risk of cancer. BMC Med 2022; 20:41. [PMID: 35105367 PMCID: PMC8809022 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-022-02246-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We aimed to map and describe the current state of Mendelian randomization (MR) literature on cancer risk and to identify associations supported by robust evidence. METHODS We searched PubMed and Scopus up to 06/10/2020 for MR studies investigating the association of any genetically predicted risk factor with cancer risk. We categorized the reported associations based on a priori designed levels of evidence supporting a causal association into four categories, namely robust, probable, suggestive, and insufficient, based on the significance and concordance of the main MR analysis results and at least one of the MR-Egger, weighed median, MRPRESSO, and multivariable MR analyses. Associations not presenting any of the aforementioned sensitivity analyses were not graded. RESULTS We included 190 publications reporting on 4667 MR analyses. Most analyses (3200; 68.6%) were not accompanied by any of the assessed sensitivity analyses. Of the 1467 evaluable analyses, 87 (5.9%) were supported by robust, 275 (18.7%) by probable, and 89 (6.1%) by suggestive evidence. The most prominent robust associations were observed for anthropometric indices with risk of breast, kidney, and endometrial cancers; circulating telomere length with risk of kidney, lung, osteosarcoma, skin, thyroid, and hematological cancers; sex steroid hormones and risk of breast and endometrial cancer; and lipids with risk of breast, endometrial, and ovarian cancer. CONCLUSIONS Despite the large amount of research on genetically predicted risk factors for cancer risk, limited associations are supported by robust evidence for causality. Most associations did not present a MR sensitivity analysis and were thus non-evaluable. Future research should focus on more thorough assessment of sensitivity MR analyses and on more transparent reporting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgios Markozannes
- Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, University of Ioannina School of Medicine, Ioannina, Greece
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, St. Mary's Campus, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, Norfolk Place, London, W2 1PG, UK
| | - Afroditi Kanellopoulou
- Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, University of Ioannina School of Medicine, Ioannina, Greece
| | | | - Dimitrios Kosmidis
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Xiaomeng Zhang
- Centre for Global Health, Usher Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Lijuan Wang
- Centre for Global Health, Usher Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Evropi Theodoratou
- Centre for Global Health, Usher Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- CRUK Edinburgh Centre, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Dipender Gill
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, St. Mary's Campus, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, Norfolk Place, London, W2 1PG, UK
| | - Stephen Burgess
- Medical Research Council Biostatistics Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Konstantinos K Tsilidis
- Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, University of Ioannina School of Medicine, Ioannina, Greece.
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, St. Mary's Campus, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, Norfolk Place, London, W2 1PG, UK.
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Diabetes and Colorectal Cancer Risk: A New Look at Molecular Mechanisms and Potential Role of Novel Antidiabetic Agents. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222212409. [PMID: 34830295 PMCID: PMC8622770 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222212409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 11/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological data have demonstrated a significant association between the presence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and the development of colorectal cancer (CRC). Chronic hyperglycemia, insulin resistance, oxidative stress, and inflammation, the processes inherent to T2DM, also play active roles in the onset and progression of CRC. Recently, small dense low-density lipoprotein (LDL) particles, a typical characteristic of diabetic dyslipidemia, emerged as another possible underlying link between T2DM and CRC. Growing evidence suggests that antidiabetic medications may have beneficial effects in CRC prevention. According to findings from a limited number of preclinical and clinical studies, glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) could be a promising strategy in reducing the incidence of CRC in patients with diabetes. However, available findings are inconclusive, and further studies are required. In this review, novel evidence on molecular mechanisms linking T2DM with CRC development, progression, and survival will be discussed. In addition, the potential role of GLP-1RAs therapies in CRC prevention will also be evaluated.
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7
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Coffee Consumption and Prostate Cancer Risk: Results from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999-2010 and Mendelian Randomization Analyses. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13072317. [PMID: 34371827 PMCID: PMC8308488 DOI: 10.3390/nu13072317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to examine the association between coffee and prostate cancer. Firstly, we conducted an observational study using data from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 1999–2010. Coffee intake was derived from 24 h dietary recalls. Weighted multivariable-adjusted logistic regression was applied to evaluate the association. Then, we performed Mendelian randomization (MR) to explore the possible causal effect of coffee on prostate cancer risk. Primary and secondary genetic instruments were obtained from genome-wide association studies among 375,833 and 91,462 individuals separately. Prostate cancer summary statistics were extracted from Prostate Cancer Association Group to Investigate Cancer-Associated Alterations in the Genome (PRACTICAL) (79,194 cases and 61,112 controls) and FinnGen project (4754 cases and 63,465 controls). Inverse variance weighted (IVW) was the primary analytical method. Through selection, we enrolled 8336 individuals (weighted number = 58,796,070) for our observational study in NHANES. Results suggested that there was no association between coffee and prostate cancer. MR analyses with primary genetic instruments also did not support a causal association between coffee intake and prostate cancer risk, whether using summary data from PRACTICAL (IVW: OR 1.001, 95% CI 0.997–1.005) or FinnGen (IVW: OR 1.005, 95% CI 0.998–1.012). Similar results were observed when using secondary genetic instruments. Therefore, our study did not support a causal association between coffee intake and prostate cancer risk. Further studies with a larger sample size are needed to examine if an association exists by different coffee bean types, roasting procedures, and brewing methods.
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