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Oladeru O, Rajack F, Esnakula A, Naab TJ, Kanaan Y, Ricks-Santi L. Beyond Triple-Negative: High Prevalence of Quadruple-Negative Breast Cancer in African Americans. Biomedicines 2024; 12:1522. [PMID: 39062096 PMCID: PMC11275194 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12071522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2024] [Revised: 06/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Quadruple-negative breast cancer (QNBC) is a triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) subtype that lacks expression of the androgen (AR) receptor. Few studies have focused on this highly aggressive breast cancer, portending worse survival rates. We aimed to determine the following: (1) QNBC's molecular and clinical characteristics and compare them with other subtypes and (2) QNBC's association with clinicopathological factors and prognostic markers. We performed immunohistochemical evaluations of ARs on tissue tumor microarrays from FFPE tumor blocks of invasive ductal breast carcinomas in 202 African American women. Univariate analysis was performed using the chi-square test, with survival rates calculated using Kaplan-Meier curves. Overall, 75.8% of TNBCs were AR-negative. Compared to the luminal subtypes, TNBC and QNBC tumors were likely to be a higher grade (p < 0.001); HER2+/AR- and QNBCs were also larger than the other subtypes (p < 0.001). They also expressed increasing mean levels of proteins involved in invasion, such as CD44, fascin, and vimentin, as well as decreasing the expression of proteins involved in mammary differentiation, such as GATA3 and mammaglobin. We found no association between QNBC and stage, recurrence-free survival, or overall survival rates. The high prevalence of TNBC AR-negativity in these women could explain observed worse outcomes, supporting the existence of the unique QNBC subtype.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fareed Rajack
- Department of Pathology, Howard University Hospital, Washington, DC 20059, USA; (F.R.)
| | - Ashwini Esnakula
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Tammey J. Naab
- Department of Pathology, Howard University Hospital, Washington, DC 20059, USA; (F.R.)
| | - Yasmine Kanaan
- Department of Microbiology, Howard University College of Medicine, Washington, DC 20059, USA
| | - Luisel Ricks-Santi
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research, University of Florida College of Pharmacy, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
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Wang C, Chen S, Zhang R, Chen M, Yang X, He Y, Shangguan Z, Mao Q, Zhang Z, Ying S. Apolipoprotein A-1 downregulation promotes basal-like breast cancer cell proliferation and migration associated with DNA methylation. Oncol Lett 2024; 28:295. [PMID: 38737975 PMCID: PMC11082839 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2024.14428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Apolipoprotein A-I (APOA1) performs different roles in different subtypes of breast cancer. It is hypothesized to function as a tumor suppressor in basal-like breast cancer (BLBC). However, the specific role of APOA1 in BLBC and its underlying mechanisms remain unknown. The findings of the present study demonstrated a positive correlation between the expression level of APOA1 and the overall survival of patients with BLBC. Ectopic expression of APOA1 effectively inhibits the proliferation and metastasis of BLBC cells in vitro, and these effects are closely related to DNA methylation. To the best of our knowledge, the present study is the first to report increased methylation of the promoter region and decreased methylation of the structural genes of APOA1 in BLBC cells. These alterations resulted in the downregulation of APOA1 expression and suppression of BLBC tumor growth. Collectively, the results of the present study suggested that APOA1 mRNA expression is negatively regulated by DNA methylation in BLBC. Therefore, low expression of APOA1 may be a potential risk biomarker to predict survival in patients with BLBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, P.R. China
| | - Shiliang Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, P.R. China
| | - Ranran Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, P.R. China
| | - Mengqing Chen
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoxiao Yang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, P.R. China
| | - Yibo He
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, P.R. China
| | - Zuifei Shangguan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, P.R. China
| | - Qifen Mao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310012, P.R. China
| | - Zhezhong Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, P.R. China
| | - Sunke Ying
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First People's Hospital of Yongkang, Jinhua, Zhejiang 321300, P.R. China
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Li F, Zhou X, Hu W, Du Y, Sun J, Wang Y. Prognostic predictive value of Ki-67 in stage I-II triple-negative breast cancer. Future Sci OA 2024; 10:FSO936. [PMID: 38827797 PMCID: PMC11140645 DOI: 10.2144/fsoa-2023-0129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Aim: Our research aimed to determine an optimal cutoff value and investigate the prognostic predictive function of Ki-67. Materials & methods: We retrospectively enrolled 1146 patients diagnosed with stage I-II triple-negative breast cancer. Disease-free and overall survival were analyzed using the Kaplan-Meier method and the Cox regression model. Results: We classified Ki-67 >45% as the high group (n = 716). A Ki-67 level of >45% was associated with poorer disease-free survival (p = 0.039) and overall survival (p = 0.029). Lymph node stage, neoadjuvant chemotherapy, and radiotherapy were independent predictive variables of prognosis. Conclusion: Triple-negative breast cancer may be further subcategorized according to the Ki-67 level. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy and postoperative radiotherapy can improve the prognosis of early triple-negative breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengyan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, PR China
| | - Xinhui Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, PR China
| | - Wendie Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, PR China
| | - Yujie Du
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, PR China
| | - Jiayuan Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, PR China
| | - Yaxue Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, PR China
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Jinna N, Yuan YC, Rida P. Kinesin Family Member C1 (KIFC1/HSET) Underlies Aggressive Disease in Androgen Receptor-Low and Basal-Like Triple-Negative Breast Cancers. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16072. [PMID: 38003261 PMCID: PMC10671256 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242216072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Quadruple-negative breast cancer (QNBC) lacks traditional actionable targets, including androgen receptor (AR). QNBC disproportionately afflicts and impacts patients of African genetic ancestry. Kinesin family member C1 (KIFC1/HSET), a centrosome clustering protein that prevents cancer cells from undergoing centrosome-amplification-induced apoptosis, has been reported to be upregulated in TNBCs and African-American (AA) TNBCs. Herein, we analyzed KIFC1 RNA levels and their associations with clinical features and outcomes among AR-low and AR-high TNBC tumors in three distinct publicly available gene expression datasets and in the breast cancer gene expression database (bc-GenExMiner). KIFC1 levels were significantly higher in AR-low and basal-like TNBCs than in AR-high and non-basal-like TNBCs, irrespective of the stage, grade, tumor size, and lymph node status. KIFC1 levels were also upregulated in AR-low tumors relative to AR-high tumors among Black and premenopausal women with TNBC. High KIFC1 levels conferred significantly shorter overall survival, disease-free survival, and distant metastasis-free survival among AR-low and basal-like TNBC patients in Kaplan-Meier analyses. In conclusion, KIFC1 levels may be upregulated in AR-low tumors and, specifically, in those of African descent, wherein it may promote poor outcomes. KIFC1 may be an actionable cancer-cell-specific target for the AR-low TNBC subpopulation and could aid in alleviating racial disparities in TNBC outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikita Jinna
- Department of Population Science, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Yate-Ching Yuan
- Department of Integrative Genomics and Bioinformatics, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA;
| | - Padmashree Rida
- Department of Science, Rowland Hall, Salt Lake City, UT 84102, USA;
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Martorana F, Di Grazia G, Rosano GN, Vecchio GM, Conti C, Nucera S, Magro G, Vigneri P. More Than Meets the Eye: A Case of Breast Cancer Switching from Being Luminal-Androgen-Receptor-Positive to Being Hormone-Receptor-Positive. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2023; 59:1875. [PMID: 37893593 PMCID: PMC10608003 DOI: 10.3390/medicina59101875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) represents about 15% of all breast cancers and is usually characterized by aggressive clinical behavior and a poor prognosis. Four TNBC subgroups have been previously defined with different molecular profiles: (i) luminal androgen receptor (LAR), (ii) mesenchymal (MES), (iii) basal-like immunosuppressed (BLIS) and (iv) basal-like immune-activated (BLIA). Among these, LAR is characterized by the expression of the androgen receptor (AR), and exhibits genomic characteristics that resemble luminal breast cancers, with a still undefined prognosis and clinical behavior. Here, we report a case of a woman affected by recurring LAR TNBC, which underwent phenotypic changes throughout its natural history. After the initial diagnosis of LAR breast cancer, the patient experienced local recurrence with strong expression of the estrogen receptor. Due to this finding, she started treatment with a CDK4/6-inhibitor and an aromatase inhibitor, followed by oral vinorelbine, both with dismal outcomes. Then, she received everolimus and exemestane, which determined temporary disease stabilization. An extensive NGS analysis of tumor tissue showed PIK3CA and HER2 mutations. Our case is consistent with previous reports of LAR breast cancer and underlines the potential utility of re-biopsy and molecular testing in breast cancer (BC), especially in rare subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Martorana
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy;
| | - Giuseppe Di Grazia
- Department of Human Pathology “G. Barresi”, University of Messina, 98131 Messina, Italy; (G.D.G.); (C.C.); (S.N.)
| | - Giovanni Nunzio Rosano
- Department of Medical, Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies “G.F. Ingrassia”, Anatomic Pathology, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (G.N.R.); (G.M.V.); (G.M.)
| | - Giada Maria Vecchio
- Department of Medical, Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies “G.F. Ingrassia”, Anatomic Pathology, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (G.N.R.); (G.M.V.); (G.M.)
| | - Chiara Conti
- Department of Human Pathology “G. Barresi”, University of Messina, 98131 Messina, Italy; (G.D.G.); (C.C.); (S.N.)
| | - Sabrina Nucera
- Department of Human Pathology “G. Barresi”, University of Messina, 98131 Messina, Italy; (G.D.G.); (C.C.); (S.N.)
| | - Gaetano Magro
- Department of Medical, Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies “G.F. Ingrassia”, Anatomic Pathology, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (G.N.R.); (G.M.V.); (G.M.)
| | - Paolo Vigneri
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy;
- Humanitas Istituto Clinico Catanese, University Oncology Department, 95045 Catania, Italy
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Quintero JC, Díaz NF, Rodríguez-Dorantes M, Camacho-Arroyo I. Cancer Stem Cells and Androgen Receptor Signaling: Partners in Disease Progression. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15085. [PMID: 37894767 PMCID: PMC10606328 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242015085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells exhibit self-renewal, tumorigenesis, and a high differentiation potential. These cells have been detected in every type of cancer, and different signaling pathways can regulate their maintenance and proliferation. Androgen receptor signaling plays a relevant role in the pathophysiology of prostate cancer, promoting cell growth and differentiation processes. However, in the case of prostate cancer stem cells, the androgen receptor negatively regulates their maintenance and self-renewal. On the other hand, there is evidence that androgen receptor activity positively regulates the generation of cancer stem cells in other types of neoplasia, such as breast cancer or glioblastoma. Thus, the androgen receptor role in cancer stem cells depends on the cellular context. We aimed to analyze androgen receptor signaling in the maintenance and self-renewal of different types of cancer stem cells and its action on the expression of transcription factors and surface markers associated with stemness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Carlos Quintero
- Unidad de Investigación en Reproducción Humana, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología-Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 11000, Mexico;
| | - Néstor Fabián Díaz
- Departamento de Fisiología y Desarrollo Celular, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología, Mexico City 11000, Mexico;
| | | | - Ignacio Camacho-Arroyo
- Unidad de Investigación en Reproducción Humana, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología-Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 11000, Mexico;
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Wu L, Zhang Y, Zheng C, Zhao F, Lin Y. GEMIN4, a potential therapeutic targets for patients with basal-like subtype breast cancer. BMC Womens Health 2023; 23:396. [PMID: 37507701 PMCID: PMC10386636 DOI: 10.1186/s12905-023-02547-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Basal-like breast cancer (BLBC) takes up about 10-20% of all breast cancer(BC), what's more, BLBC has the lowest survival rate among all BC subtypes because of lacks of efficient treatment methods. We aimed to explore the molecules that can be used as diagnostic maker for BLBC at early stage and provide optimized treatment strategies for BLBC patients in this study. METHODS Apply weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) to identify gene modules related to BLBC;The functional enrichment of candidate genes related to BLBC in the red module of Go data package and KEGG analysis;Overlapping cross analysis of URGs and WGCNA to identify candidate genes in each BC subtype;Divide BCBL patients into high-risk and low-risk groups, and analyze the two groups of overall survival (OS) and relapse free survival (RFS);Screening of GEMIN4 dependent cell lines; QRT PCR was used to verify the expression of GEMIN4 transfected with siRNA; CCK8 was used to determine the effect of GEMIN4 on cell viability; Positive cell count detected by BrdU staining;GO and KEGG enrichment analysis of GEMIN4. RESULTS The "red module" has the highest correlation with BLBC, with 913 promising candidate genes identified from the red module;913 red module candidate genes related to BLBC participated in multiple GO terms, and KEGG enrichment analysis results mainly enriched in estrogen signaling pathways and pathways in cancer;There are 386 overlapping candidate genes among the 913 "red module" genes identified by 1893 common URG and WGCNA;In BLBC patients, 9 highly expressed genes are associated with OS. Five highly expressed genes are associated with RFS. Kaplan Meier survival analysis suggests that high GEMIN4 expression levels are associated with poor prognosis in BLBC patients;The GEMIN4 gene dependency score in HCC1143 and CAL120 cell lines is negative and low; Si-GEMIN4-1 can significantly reduce the mRNA expression of GEMIN4; Si-GEMIN4 can inhibit cell viability; Si-GEMIN4 can reduce the number of positive cells;GO enrichment analysis showed that GEMIN4 is associated with DNA metabolism processes and adenylate binding; KEGG pathway enrichment analysis shows that GEMIN4 is related to ribosome biogenesis in eukaryotes. CONCLUSION We hypothesized that GEMIN4 may be the potential target for the treatment of BLBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Wu
- Department of Emergency Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical University, Heilongjiang Province, Qiqihar, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Department of International Education School, Qiqihar Medical University, Heilongjiang Province, Qiqihar, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunlei Zheng
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical University, Heilongjiang Province, Qiqihar, People's Republic of China
| | - Fuqiang Zhao
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical University, Heilongjiang Province, Qiqihar, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Lin
- Department of School of Basic Medicine, Qiqihar Medical University, Heilongjiang Province, Qiqihar, People's Republic of China.
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Dubrava AL, Kyaw PSP, Newman J, Pringle J, Westhuyzen J, La Hera Fuentes G, Shakespeare TP, Sakalkale R, Aherne NJ. Androgen Receptor Status in Triple Negative Breast Cancer: Does It Correlate with Clinicopathological Characteristics? BREAST CANCER (DOVE MEDICAL PRESS) 2023; 15:359-371. [PMID: 37197610 PMCID: PMC10184857 DOI: 10.2147/bctt.s405719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Purpose Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a breast carcinoma subtype that neither expresses estrogen (ER) and progesterone receptors (PR) nor the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2). Patients with TNBC have been shown to have poorer outcomes mainly owing to the limited treatment options available. However, some studies have shown TNBC tumors expressing androgen receptors (AR), raising hopes of its prognostic role. Patients and Methods This retrospective study investigated the expression of AR in TNBC and its relationship with known patient demographics, tumor and survival characteristics. From the records of 205 TNBC patients, 36 had available archived tissue samples eligible for AR staining. For statistical purposes, tumors were classified as either "positive" or "negative" for AR expression. The nuclear expression of AR was scored by measuring the percentage of stained tumor cells and its staining intensity. Results AR was expressed by 50% of the tissue samples in our TNBC cohort. The relationship between AR status with age at the time of TNBC diagnosis was statistically significant, with all AR positive TNBC patients being greater than 50 years old (vs 72.2% in AR negative TNBC). Also, the relationship between AR status and type of surgery received was statistically significant. There were no statistically significant associations between AR status with other tumor characteristics including "TNM status", tumor grade or treatments received. There was no statistically significant difference in median survival between AR negative and AR positive TNBC patients (3.5 vs 3.1 years; p = 0.581). The relationship between OS time and AR status (p = 0.581), type of surgery (p = 0.061) and treatments (p = 0.917) were not statistically significant. Conclusion The androgen receptor may be an important prognostic marker in TNBC, with further research warranted. This research may benefit future studies investigating receptor-targeted therapies in TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex L Dubrava
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mid North Coast Cancer Centre, Coffs Harbour, New South Wales, Australia
- Coffs Harbour Rural Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Coffs Harbour Health Campus, Coffs Harbour, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Pan Su Pyae Kyaw
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mid North Coast Cancer Centre, Coffs Harbour, New South Wales, Australia
- Coffs Harbour Rural Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Coffs Harbour Health Campus, Coffs Harbour, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Joseph Newman
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mid North Coast Cancer Centre, Coffs Harbour, New South Wales, Australia
- Coffs Harbour Rural Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Coffs Harbour Health Campus, Coffs Harbour, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jarrad Pringle
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mid North Coast Cancer Centre, Coffs Harbour, New South Wales, Australia
- Coffs Harbour Rural Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Coffs Harbour Health Campus, Coffs Harbour, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Justin Westhuyzen
- School of Health and Human Sciences, Southern Cross University, Coffs Harbour, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Gina La Hera Fuentes
- Coffs Harbour Rural Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Coffs Harbour Health Campus, Coffs Harbour, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Thomas P Shakespeare
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mid North Coast Cancer Centre, Coffs Harbour, New South Wales, Australia
- Coffs Harbour Rural Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Coffs Harbour Health Campus, Coffs Harbour, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Renukadas Sakalkale
- Coffs Harbour Rural Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Coffs Harbour Health Campus, Coffs Harbour, New South Wales, Australia
- Coffs Harbour Base Hospital Pathology, Coffs Harbour, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Noel J Aherne
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mid North Coast Cancer Centre, Coffs Harbour, New South Wales, Australia
- Coffs Harbour Rural Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Coffs Harbour Health Campus, Coffs Harbour, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Health and Human Sciences, Southern Cross University, Coffs Harbour, New South Wales, Australia
- Correspondence: Noel J Aherne, Department of Radiation Oncology, Mid North Coast Cancer Centre, Coffs Harbour Hospital, Coffs Harbour, New South Wales, 2450, Australia, Tel + 61 2 6656 5125, Fax +61 2 6656 5855, Email
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Yang H, Liu Y. Kinesin Family Member 2A Serves as a Potential Biomarker Reflecting More Frequent Lymph Node Metastasis and Tumor Recurrence Risk in Basal-Like Breast Cancer Patients. Front Surg 2022; 9:889294. [PMID: 35784940 PMCID: PMC9243457 DOI: 10.3389/fsurg.2022.889294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Kinesin family member 2A (KIF2A) is reported as an oncogene and a potential biomarker for progression and prognosis in several cancers such as cervical, ovarian, and gastric. However, its clinical value in basal-like breast cancer (BLBC) is unclear. This study aims to evaluate KIF2A expression and its correlation with clinical features and survival rates in BLBC patients. Methods KIF2A mRNA and protein expressions in tumor and adjacent tissues from 89 BLBC patients are assessed by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry assays, respectively. Results Both KIF2A protein (p < 0.001) and mRNA expressions (p < 0.001) were higher in tumor than in adjacent tissue. Besides, tumor KIF2A protein expression was positively correlated with N (p = 0.028) and TNM (p = 0.014) stages; meanwhile, tumor KIF2A mRNA expression was positively correlated with N stage (p = 0.046), TNM stage (p = 0.006), and tumor size (p = 0.043). Additionally, both tumor KIF2A protein (p = 0.035) and mRNA (p = 0.039) high expressions were correlated with worse disease-free survival (DFS) but not with overall survival (both p > 0.05). Moreover, tumor KIF2A protein expression was higher in relapsed patients than in non-relapsed patients within 3 years (p = 0.015) and 5 years (p = 0.031), whereas no difference was found between the dead and survivors within 3 years (p = 0.057) or 5 years (p = 0.107). Lastly, after adjustment, tumor KIF2A mRNA high exhibited a trend that correlated with DFS but without statistical significance (p = 0.051). Conclusion KIF2A correlates with more frequent lymph node metastasis and worse DFS in BLBC patients, shedding light on its potency as a biomarker for BLBC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yongjun Liu
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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10
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Lutz CT, Livas L, Presnell SR, Sexton M, Wang P. Gender Differences in Urothelial Bladder Cancer: Effects of Natural Killer Lymphocyte Immunity. J Clin Med 2021; 10:5163. [PMID: 34768683 PMCID: PMC8584838 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10215163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Men are more likely to develop cancer than women. In fact, male predominance is one of the most consistent cancer epidemiology findings. Additionally, men have a poorer prognosis and an increased risk of secondary malignancies compared to women. These differences have been investigated in order to better understand cancer and to better treat both men and women. In this review, we discuss factors that may cause this gender difference, focusing on urothelial bladder cancer (UBC) pathogenesis. We consider physiological factors that may cause higher male cancer rates, including differences in X chromosome gene expression. We discuss how androgens may promote bladder cancer development directly by stimulating bladder urothelium and indirectly by suppressing immunity. We are particularly interested in the role of natural killer (NK) cells in anti-cancer immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles T. Lutz
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA; (L.L.); (S.R.P.); (M.S.)
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA;
| | - Lydia Livas
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA; (L.L.); (S.R.P.); (M.S.)
| | - Steven R. Presnell
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA; (L.L.); (S.R.P.); (M.S.)
| | - Morgan Sexton
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA; (L.L.); (S.R.P.); (M.S.)
| | - Peng Wang
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA;
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
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Abdoli Shadbad M, Hosseinkhani N, Asadzadeh Z, Derakhshani A, Karim Ahangar N, Hemmat N, Lotfinejad P, Brunetti O, Silvestris N, Baradaran B. A Systematic Review to Clarify the Prognostic Values of CD44 and CD44 +CD24 - Phenotype in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Patients: Lessons Learned and The Road Ahead. Front Oncol 2021; 11:689839. [PMID: 34434894 PMCID: PMC8381605 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.689839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
As a unique population of tumor bulk, cancer stem cells have been implicated in tumor relapse and chemoresistance in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). Therefore, understanding the phenotype of cancer stem cells can pave the way for introducing novel molecular targeted therapies for treating TNBC patients. Preclinical studies have identified CD44+CD24-/low as a cancer stem cell phenotype; however, clinical studies have reported seemingly controversial results regarding the prognostic values of CD44 and CD44+CD24-/low phenotype in TNBC patients. To critically review the clinicopathological significance and prognostic values of CD44 and CD44+CD24-/low phenotype in TNBC patients, the Scopus, Embase, PubMed, and Web of Science databases were systematically searched to obtain the relevant records published before 20 October 2020. Based on nine included studies, CD44 and CD44+CD24-/low phenotype are associated with inferior prognosis in TNBC patients. Moreover, these cancer stem cell markers have been associated with advanced tumor stage, tumor size, higher tumor grade, tumor metastasis, and lymphatic involvement in TNBC patients. Our evidence has also indicated that, unlike the treatment-naïve TNBC patients, the tumoral cells of chemoradiotherapy-treated TNBC patients can upregulate the CD44+CD24-/low phenotype and establish an inverse association with androgen receptor (AR), leading to the inferior prognosis of affected patients. In summary, CD44 and CD44+CD24-/low phenotype can be utilized to determine TNBC patients' prognosis in the pathology department as a routine practice, and targeting these phenotypes can substantially improve the prognosis of TNBC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahdi Abdoli Shadbad
- Research Center for Evidence-Based Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Negar Hosseinkhani
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Zahra Asadzadeh
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Afshin Derakhshani
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Laboratory of Experimental Pharmacology, IRCCS Istituto Tumori Giovanni Paolo II, Bari, Italy
| | - Noora Karim Ahangar
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Nima Hemmat
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Parisa Lotfinejad
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Oronzo Brunetti
- Medical Oncology Unit, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Istituto Tumori Giovanni Paolo II, Bari, Italy
| | - Nicola Silvestris
- Medical Oncology Unit, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Istituto Tumori Giovanni Paolo II, Bari, Italy.,Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, Aldo Moro University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Behzad Baradaran
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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