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Bai X, Xiang D, Huang M, Chen Y. Case report: successful response to bevacizumab combined with erlotinib for a novel FH gene mutation hereditary leiomyoma and renal cell carcinoma. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1373020. [PMID: 38974045 PMCID: PMC11224512 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1373020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024] Open
Abstract
FH-deficient Renal Cell Carcinoma (FH-deficient RCC) are inherited tumors caused by mutations in the fumarate hydratase (FH) gene, which plays a role in the tricarboxylic acid cycle. These mutations often result in aggressive forms of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and other tumors. Here, we present a case of FH-deficient RCC in a 43-year-old woman with a history of uterine fibroids. She exhibited a new heterozygous mutation in exon six of the FH gene (c.799_803del, c.781_796del). The patient had multiple bone metastases and small subcutaneous nodules in various areas such as the shoulders, back, and buttocks. Biopsy of a subcutaneous nodule on the right side revealed positive expression of 2-succinate-cysteine (2SC), and FH staining indicated FH expression deletion. The patient underwent treatment with a combination of erlotinib and bevacizumab, which resulted in significant efficacy with moderate side effects. This treatment combination may be recommended as a standard regimen. This case underscores the importance of genetic testing in patients with advanced renal cancer to enhance diagnostic accuracy. Furthermore, it provides insights into potential treatment approaches for FH-deficient RCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoming Bai
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Dan Xiang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Affiliated Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Mengxi Huang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Affiliated Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yitian Chen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Medical Oncology, Affiliated Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
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2
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Romero-Vega LM, Medlin S, Hagnauer I, Alfaro-Alarcón A, Williams B. Case report: Renal adenoma in a captive ocelot ( Leopardus pardalis) in Costa Rica. Front Vet Sci 2024; 11:1393039. [PMID: 38756505 PMCID: PMC11097658 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1393039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Reports of renal neoplasia are rare in neotropical wildcats. Ocelots (Leopardus pardalis) are medium-sized wildcats living in America's tropical forests. A 12-year-old captive ocelot was diagnosed with a renal mass occupying approximately 25% of the total right kidney volume. The tissue was stained with routine hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and periodic acid-Schiff (PAS). Immunohistochemistry with the following markers was performed: cytokeratin (CK) AE1/AE3, CK19, CK 7, CD10, vimentin, Melan A, HMB45, Pax-8, and Wilms' tumor 1 (WT1). Histopathology revealed a well-differentiated epithelial tubular neoplasia with less than one mitotic figure per 2.37mm2 field. Vimentin and Pax-8 were the only positive markers. Immunohistochemically, neoplasia was diagnosed as a renal adenoma. Renal adenomas are seldom reported in neotropical wildcats. Reports on wild species are valuable for properly establishing a clinical prognosis for captive species. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report that provides detailed microscopic and immunohistochemical descriptions of renal adenoma in a captive ocelot.
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Affiliation(s)
- L. Mario Romero-Vega
- Laboratorio de Patología, Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, Universidad Nacional, Heredia, Costa Rica
| | - Sam Medlin
- Joint Pathology Center, Silver Spring, MD, United States
| | - Isabel Hagnauer
- Rescate Wildlife Rescue Center, Fundación Restauración de la Naturaleza, Alajuela, Costa Rica
| | - Alejandro Alfaro-Alarcón
- Laboratorio de Patología, Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, Universidad Nacional, Heredia, Costa Rica
- Institute of Virology, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Bruce Williams
- Joint Pathology Center, Silver Spring, MD, United States
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3
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van Loon K, van Breest Smallenburg ME, Huijbers EJM, Griffioen AW, van Beijnum JR. Extracellular vimentin as a versatile immune suppressive protein in cancer. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2023; 1878:188985. [PMID: 37717859 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2023.188985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
The interest in finding new targets in the tumor microenvironment for anti-cancer therapy has increased rapidly over the years. More specifically, the tumor-associated blood vessels are a promising target. We recently found that the intermediate filament protein vimentin is externalized by endothelial cells of the tumor vasculature. Extracellular vimentin was shown to sustain angiogenesis by mimicking VEGF and supporting cell migration, as well as endothelial cell anergy, the unresponsiveness of the endothelium to proinflammatory cytokines. The latter hampers immune cell infiltration and subsequently provides escape from tumor immunity. Other studies showed that extracellular vimentin plays a role in sustained systemic and local inflammation. Here we will review the reported roles of extracellular vimentin with a particular emphasis on its involvement in the interactions between immune cells and the endothelium in the tumor microenvironment. To this end, we discuss the different ways by which extracellular vimentin modulates the immune system. Moreover, we review how this protein can alter immune cell-vessel wall adhesion by altering the expression of adhesion proteins, attenuating immune cell infiltration into the tumor parenchyma. Finally, we discuss how vimentin-targeting therapy can reverse endothelial cell anergy and promote immune infiltration, supporting anti-tumor immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karlijn van Loon
- Angiogenesis Laboratory, Department of Medical Oncology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Mathilda E van Breest Smallenburg
- Angiogenesis Laboratory, Department of Medical Oncology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Elisabeth J M Huijbers
- Angiogenesis Laboratory, Department of Medical Oncology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; CimCure BV, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Arjan W Griffioen
- Angiogenesis Laboratory, Department of Medical Oncology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; CimCure BV, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Judy R van Beijnum
- Angiogenesis Laboratory, Department of Medical Oncology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; CimCure BV, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
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Subbaraj GK, Elangovan H, Chandramouli P, Yasam SK, Chandrasekaran K, Kulanthaivel L, Pandi S, Subramanian S. Antiangiogenic Potential of Troxerutin and Chitosan Loaded Troxerutin on Chorioallantoic Membrane Model. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 2023:5956154. [PMID: 37260851 PMCID: PMC10229255 DOI: 10.1155/2023/5956154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Angiogenesis is crucial to the development of cancer because it allows the transport of oxygen, nutrients, and growth factors as well as the spread of tumors to distant organs. Inhibitors of angiogenesis prevent the formation of blood vessels that allow tumor cells to shrink, rather than promote tumor growth. Chitosan acts as a carrier for many drugs, since the compound has various properties such as biodegradable, less toxicity, more stable, simple, easy to prepare, and biocompatible. The aim of the current study was to evaluate the efficacy of chitosan nanoparticles encapsulated with troxerutin (Chi-Trox NPs) against angiogenesis and cancer in ova chick chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) model. Chi-Trox NPs were synthesized using a nanoprecipitation method and were characterized by various analyses. 24 hours' fertilized eggs (6 eggs/group) were treated with native Trox and Chi-Trox NPs for 5 days. The antiangiogenic activity was evaluated by morphometric, histopathological, immunohistochemical (CD104 and vimentin), and mRNA expression of MMP and FGF2 using RT-PCR. The anticancer activity was evaluated by histopathological, immunohistochmical (CD44), and mRNA expression of FGF2 and MMP. The synthesized chitosan NPs were successfully encapsulated with troxerutin, and the loading efficiency of chitosan NPs was found to be 86.4 ± 0.12% and 13.2 ± 0.16% respectively. Morphometric analysis of Chi-Trox NPs showed a considerable decrease in the number of blood vessels compared with control and native Trox. The histopathological observation of CAM confirmed that Chi-Trox NPs induce a significant reduction in inflammatory cells and the thickness of blood capillaries compared to control and native Trox. The immunohistochemical evaluation of CAM revealed Chi-Trox decreased CD104, vimentin and CD44 protein levels were compared with control and native Trox. Furthermore, the mRNA expression levels of FGF2 and MMP were significantly downregulated compared to their native forms. From the obtained results, Chi-Trox NPs possess significant inhibition of angiogenesis and can be used as therapeutic agents for cancer in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gowtham Kumar Subbaraj
- Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education (Deemed to be University), Kelambakkam, 603 103 Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Harini Elangovan
- Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education (Deemed to be University), Kelambakkam, 603 103 Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Prema Chandramouli
- Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education (Deemed to be University), Kelambakkam, 603 103 Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Santhosh Kumar Yasam
- Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education (Deemed to be University), Kelambakkam, 603 103 Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - Langeswaran Kulanthaivel
- Cancer Genetics & Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Science Campus, Alagappa University, Karaikudi, Tamil Nadu 630003, India
| | - Sangavi Pandi
- Cancer Genetics & Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Science Campus, Alagappa University, Karaikudi, Tamil Nadu 630003, India
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Use of High-Plex Data Reveals Novel Insights into the Tumour Microenvironment of Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14215387. [PMID: 36358805 PMCID: PMC9658714 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14215387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Cancer is a complex ensemble of morphological and molecular features whose role is still unclear. Moreover, their role may change in different areas of the same tumour. Artificial intelligence (AI) allows pathologists to go beyond human perception and bias and may help better understand how these features influence disease progression. Furthermore, by capturing variation intrinsic to the tumour, AI may improve the accuracy of current prognostic tools, such as Leibovich Score (LS), in predicting patient outcome and response to therapy. For these reasons, we studied clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) tissue in which molecular features and their coexpression in the same cell were quantified and mapped using AI-based image analysis software. We demonstrated a novel approach for investigating ccRCC and revealed new potential biomarkers of prognosis which may also be able to direct patients towards the most appropriate personalised therapy. Abstract Although immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have significantly improved the oncological outcomes, about one-third of patients affected by clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) still experience recurrence. Current prognostic algorithms, such as the Leibovich score (LS), rely on morphological features manually assessed by pathologists and are therefore subject to bias. Moreover, these tools do not consider the heterogeneous molecular milieu present in the Tumour Microenvironment (TME), which may have prognostic value. We systematically developed a semi-automated method to investigate 62 markers and their combinations in 150 primary ccRCCs using Multiplex Immunofluorescence (mIF), NanoString GeoMx® Digital Spatial Profiling (DSP) and Artificial Intelligence (AI)-assisted image analysis in order to find novel prognostic signatures and investigate their spatial relationship. We found that coexpression of cancer stem cell (CSC) and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers such as OCT4 and ZEB1 are indicative of poor outcome. OCT4 and the immune markers CD8, CD34, and CD163 significantly stratified patients at intermediate LS. Furthermore, augmenting the LS with OCT4 and CD34 improved patient stratification by outcome. Our results support the hypothesis that combining molecular markers has prognostic value and can be integrated with morphological features to improve risk stratification and personalised therapy. To conclude, GeoMx® DSP and AI image analysis are complementary tools providing high multiplexing capability required to investigate the TME of ccRCC, while reducing observer bias.
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Zhao W, Wu Y, Zhao F, Xue Z, Liu W, Cao Z, Zhao Z, Huang B, Han M, Li X. Scoring model based on the signature of non-m6A-related neoantigen-coding lncRNAs assists in immune microenvironment analysis and TCR-neoantigen pair selection in gliomas. J Transl Med 2022; 20:494. [DOI: 10.1186/s12967-022-03713-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Small peptides encoded by long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have attracted attention for their various functions. Recent studies indicate that these small peptides participate in immune responses and antigen presentation. However, the significance of RNA modifications remains unclear.
Methods
Thirteen non-m6A-related neoantigen-coding lncRNAs were selected for analysis from the TransLnc database. Next, a neoantigen activation score (NAS) model was established based on the characteristics of the lncRNAs. Machine learning was employed to expand the model to two additional RNA-seq and two single-cell sequencing datasets for further validation. The DLpTCR algorithm was used to predict T cell receptor (TCR)-peptide binding probability.
Results
The non-m6A-related NAS model predicted patients’ overall survival outcomes more precisely than the m6A-related NAS model. Furthermore, the non-m6A-related NAS was positively correlated with tumor cells’ evolutionary level, immune infiltration, and antigen presentation. However, high NAS gliomas also showed more PD-L1 expression and high mutation frequencies of T-cell positive regulators. Interestingly, results of intercellular communication analysis suggest that T cell-high neoplastic cell interaction is weaker in both of the NAS groups which might arise from decreased IFNGR1 expression. Moreover, we identified unique TCR-peptide pairs present in all glioma samples based on peptides encoded by the 13 selected lncRNAs. And increased levels of neoantigen-active TCR patterns were found in high NAS gliomas.
Conclusions
Our work suggests that non-m6A-related neoantigen-coding lncRNAs play an essential role in glioma progression and that screened TCR clonotypes might provide potential avenues for chimeric antigen receptor T cell (CAR-T) therapy for gliomas.
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Wei X, Qin Y, Ouyang S, Qian J, Tu S, Yao J. Challenging surgical treatment of giant retroperitoneal liposarcoma: A case report. Oncol Lett 2022; 24:314. [PMID: 35949617 PMCID: PMC9353788 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2022.13434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Liposarcoma is a rare malignant tumor type and surgical resection is the gold standard treatment. The present study reported on the case of a 51-year-old woman who presented with a mass in the left upper abdomen. Computed tomography revealed a 32-cm giant retroperitoneal liposarcoma. Complete tumor resection was performed without the removal of other organs. Postoperative pathological examination indicated retroperitoneal well-differentiated liposarcoma and immunohistochemistry revealed S-100(−), MDM2(+), vimentin(+), CDK4(+), p16(+) and STAT6(+) results. The patient recovered well after the surgery. Complete tumor resection during the first surgery is key to cure liposarcoma. The present case report will be helpful for clinical oncologists to fully understand giant retroperitoneal liposarcoma and treat it accordingly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyi Wei
- Department of Urology, Hexi University Affiliated Zhangye People's Hospital, Zhangye, Gansu 734000, P.R. China
| | - Yujie Qin
- Endoscopy Center, Hexi University Affiliated Zhangye People's Hospital, Zhangye, Gansu 734000, P.R. China
| | - Song Ouyang
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 830000, P.R. China
| | - Jun Qian
- Institute of Urology, Hexi University, Zhangye, Gansu 734000, P.R. China
| | - Song Tu
- Department of Urology, Hexi University Affiliated Zhangye People's Hospital, Zhangye, Gansu 734000, P.R. China
| | - Jiaxi Yao
- Department of Urology, Hexi University Affiliated Zhangye People's Hospital, Zhangye, Gansu 734000, P.R. China
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8
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Synnott NC, Poeta ML, Costantini M, Pfeiffer RM, Li M, Golubeva Y, Lawrence S, Mutreja K, Amoreo C, Dabrowska M, Simone G, Pescarmona E, Lenz P, Olanich M, Duggan M, Abubakar M, Fazio VM, Gallucci M, Sentinelli S, Landi MT. Characterizing the tumor microenvironment in rare renal cancer histological types. J Pathol Clin Res 2022; 8:88-98. [PMID: 34618413 PMCID: PMC8682943 DOI: 10.1002/cjp2.241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment (TME), including immune cells, cancer-associated fibroblasts, endothelial cells, adjacent normal cells, and others, plays a crucial role in influencing tumor behavior and progression. Here, we characterized the TME in 83 primary renal tumors and matched metastatic or recurrence tissue samples (n = 15) from papillary renal cell carcinoma (pRCC) types 1 (n = 20) and 2 (n = 49), collecting duct carcinomas (CDC; n = 14), and high-grade urothelial carcinomas (HGUC; n = 5). We investigated 10 different markers of immune infiltration, vasculature, cell proliferation, and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition by using machine learning image analysis in conjunction with immunohistochemistry. Marker expression was compared by Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis tests and correlations across markers using Spearman's rank correlation coefficient. Multivariable Poisson regression analysis was used to compare marker expression between histological types, while accounting for variation in tissue size. Several immune markers showed different rates of expression across histological types of renal carcinoma. Using pRCC1 as reference, the incidence rate ratio (IRR) of CD3+ T cells (IRR [95% confidence interval, CI] = 2.48 [1.53-4.01]) and CD20+ B cells (IRR [95% CI] = 4.38 [1.22-5.58]) was statistically significantly higher in CDC. In contrast, CD68+ macrophages predominated in pRCC1 (IRR [95% CI] = 2.35 [1.42-3.9]). Spatial analysis revealed CD3+ T-cell and CD20+ B-cell expressions in CDC to be higher at the proximal (p < 0.0001) and distal (p < 0.0001) tumor periphery than within the central tumor core. In contrast, expression of CD68+ macrophages in pRCC2 was higher in the tumor center compared to the proximal (p = 0.0451) tumor periphery and pRCC1 showed a distance-dependent reduction, from the central tumor, in CD68+ macrophages with the lowest expression of CD68 marker at the distal tumor periphery (p = 0.004). This study provides novel insights into the TME of rare kidney cancer types, which are often understudied. Our findings of differences in marker expression and localization by histological subtype could have implications for tumor progression and response to immunotherapies or other targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoise C Synnott
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer InstituteNational Institutes of HealthRockvilleMDUSA
- Cancer Prevention Fellowship Program, Division of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer InstituteNational Institutes of HealthRockvilleMDUSA
| | - Maria Luana Poeta
- Department of Bioscience, Biotechnology and BiopharmaceuticsUniversity of BariBariItaly
| | - Manuela Costantini
- Department of UrologyIRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer InstituteRomeItaly
| | - Ruth M Pfeiffer
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer InstituteNational Institutes of HealthRockvilleMDUSA
| | - Mengying Li
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer InstituteNational Institutes of HealthRockvilleMDUSA
| | - Yelena Golubeva
- Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Leidos Biomedical ResearchFrederick National Laboratory for Cancer ResearchFrederickMDUSA
| | - Scott Lawrence
- Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Leidos Biomedical ResearchFrederick National Laboratory for Cancer ResearchFrederickMDUSA
| | - Karun Mutreja
- Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Leidos Biomedical ResearchFrederick National Laboratory for Cancer ResearchFrederickMDUSA
| | - Carla Amoreo
- Department of PathologyIRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer InstituteRomeItaly
| | | | - Giuseppe Simone
- Department of UrologyIRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer InstituteRomeItaly
| | - Edoardo Pescarmona
- Department of PathologyIRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer InstituteRomeItaly
| | - Petra Lenz
- Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Leidos Biomedical ResearchFrederick National Laboratory for Cancer ResearchFrederickMDUSA
| | - Mary Olanich
- Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Leidos Biomedical ResearchFrederick National Laboratory for Cancer ResearchFrederickMDUSA
| | - Maire Duggan
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cumming School of MedicineUniversity of CalgaryCalgaryAlbertaCanada
| | - Mustapha Abubakar
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer InstituteNational Institutes of HealthRockvilleMDUSA
| | - Vito Michele Fazio
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and BiotechnologyUniversity Campus Bio‐Medico of RomeRomeItaly
| | | | - Steno Sentinelli
- Department of PathologyIRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer InstituteRomeItaly
| | - Maria Teresa Landi
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer InstituteNational Institutes of HealthRockvilleMDUSA
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Quan X, Zhang Z, Qin Y, Gai X, Tian Q, Guo Y, Qian J, Yao J. Expression of Shh, Gli1, and Cyr61 in Gastric Cancer Predicts Overall Survival of Patients: A Retrospective Study. Cancer Control 2022; 29:10732748221134398. [PMID: 36346167 PMCID: PMC9647287 DOI: 10.1177/10732748221134398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 10/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 10/05/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to evaluate the expression levels of Shh, Gli1, and Cyr61 proteins in gastric cancer tissues and analyze the relationship between these three proteins and the clinicopathological factors and prognosis of patients. METHODS This was a retrospective study. Four hundred gastric cancer tissue specimens from patients who underwent radical gastrectomy in Zhangye People's Hospital affiliated to Hexi University between February 2013 and February 2021 underwent immunohistochemical analysis. RESULTS The positive expression rates of Shh, Gli1, and Cyr61 in gastric cancer tissues were 55.5%, 56.5%, and 64.5%, respectively. The expressions of Shh, Gli1, and Cyr61 in gastric cancer tissues were significantly correlated with tumor size, depth of invasion, and degree of differentiation (P < .05). The expression of Shh protein was positively correlated with the expression of Gli1 protein (P < .01), and the expression of Gli1 protein was positively correlated with the expression of Cyr61 protein (P < .01). Univariate and multivariate analyses showed that the expression of Shh, Gli1, and Cyr61 could predict the prognosis of patients (P < .05). Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis combined with TNM staging could better predict the three-year overall survival of patients (P < .05). CONCLUSION Shh, Gli1, and Cyr61 proteins are significantly expressed in gastric cancer tissues and are risk factors for the prognosis of patients with gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoling Quan
- NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and
Therapy of Gastrointestinal Tumor, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou Gansu,
China
- Department of Pathology, Hexi
University affiliated Zhangye People’s Hospital, Zhangye Gansu, China
| | - Zhenming Zhang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and
Therapy of Gastrointestinal Tumor, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou Gansu,
China
- Department of General Surgery II,
Hexi University Affiliated Zhangye People’s Hospital, Zhangye Gansu, China
| | - Yujie Qin
- NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and
Therapy of Gastrointestinal Tumor, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou Gansu,
China
- Department of Endoscopy Center,
Hexi University Affiliated Zhangye People’s Hospital, Zhangye Gansu, China
| | - Xin Gai
- Hexi University School of Medicine,
Zhangye Gansu, China
| | - Qiling Tian
- Hexi University School of Medicine,
Zhangye Gansu, China
| | - Yaqiong Guo
- Hexi University School of Medicine,
Zhangye Gansu, China
| | - Jun Qian
- NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and
Therapy of Gastrointestinal Tumor, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou Gansu,
China
- Department of Urology, Institute of
Urology, Hexi University, Zhangye Gansu, China
| | - Jiaxi Yao
- NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and
Therapy of Gastrointestinal Tumor, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou Gansu,
China
- Department of Urology, Institute of
Urology, Hexi University, Zhangye Gansu, China
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10
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Yang W, Chen S, Cheng X, Xu B, Zeng H, Zou J, Su C, Chen Z. Characteristics of genomic mutations and signaling pathway alterations in thymic epithelial tumors. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2021; 9:1659. [PMID: 34988168 PMCID: PMC8667121 DOI: 10.21037/atm-21-5182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To elucidate the mechanisms of thymic epithelial tumor (TET) canceration by characterizing genomic mutations and signaling pathway alterations. METHODS Primary tumor and blood samples were collected from 21 patients diagnosed with TETs (thymoma and thymic cancer), 15 of whom were screened by nucleic acid extraction and whole exon sequencing. Bioinformatics was used to comprehensively analyze the sequencing data for these samples, including gene mutation information and the difference of tumor mutation burden (TMB) between thymoma and thymic carcinoma groups. We performed signaling pathway and functional enrichment analysis using the WebGestalt 2017 toolkit. RESULTS ZNF429 (36%) was the gene with the highest mutation frequency in thymic carcinoma. Mutations in BAP1 (14%), ABI1 (7%), BCL9L (7%), and CHEK2 (7%) were exclusively detected in thymic carcinoma, whereas ZNF721 mutations (14%) and PABPC1 (14%) were found exclusively in thymoma. The mean TMB values for thymic carcinoma and thymoma were 0.722 and 0.663 mutations per megabase (Mb), respectively, and these differences were not statistically significant. The ErbB signaling pathway was enriched in the thymoma and intersection groups, and pathways of central carbon metabolism in cancer, longevity regulating and MAPK signaling were only found in the thymoma group, while pathways in cancer (hsa05200) was found in the thymoma and thymic carcinoma groups. CONCLUSIONS Multiple differences in somatic genes and pathways have been identified. Our findings provide insights into differences between thymoma and thymic carcinoma that could aid in designing personalized clinical therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weilin Yang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery of East Division, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Sai Chen
- Center for Private Medical Service & Healthcare, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xinxin Cheng
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery of East Division, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bo Xu
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery of East Division, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huilan Zeng
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery of East Division, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianyong Zou
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chunhua Su
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhenguang Chen
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery of East Division, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Thoracic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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11
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Wu T, Tang C, Tao R, Yong X, Jiang Q, Feng C. PD-L1-Mediated Immunosuppression in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Relationship With Macrophage Infiltration and Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition Markers. Front Immunol 2021; 12:693881. [PMID: 34552581 PMCID: PMC8450501 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.693881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
To date, immune check-point inhibitors (ICIs), particularly inhibitors of programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) and PD ligand-1 (PD-L1) have become prominent in cancer treatment and also improved life expectancy of cancer patients. As key regulators of PD-1/PD-L1 axis, the recruitment of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) enhances aggressive and invasive properties of tumors in immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) and promotes epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). The aims of the study were first to characterize the critical links among PD-L1, TME and EMT process and, further, to explore the sensitivity of different chemical agents to different PD-L1 expression groups. Bioinformatical analysis revealed that PD-L1 was highly expressed in OSCC and higher PD-L1 expression correlated with worse survival in patients. Notably, PD-L1 was positively correlated with macrophages infiltration and EMT markers gene expression. Moreover, patients in the PD-L1high group were at a significant chance of benefiting from ICI treatment and they also showed higher sensitivity to the chemical drugs (olaparib, paclitaxel, docetaxel, and pazopanib). These findings implicate PD-L1 could serve as a novel target for prognostic and therapeutic approaches in OSCC patients; PD-L1-mediated immune evasion might be attributable to the infiltration of macrophages, resulting EMT progress; Chemical agents in combination with PD-L1 inhibitor could be served as personalized treatment plan for OSCC patients so as to maximize patient benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiantian Wu
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, College of Stomatology, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China.,Guangxi Health Commission Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment for Oral Infectious Diseases, Nanning, China.,Guangxi Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Rehabilitation and Reconstruction, Guangxi Universities and Colleges Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Disease Treatment, Guangxi Clinical Research Center for Craniofacial Deformity, Nanning, China.,Guangxi Key Laboratory of AIDS Prevention and Treatment, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Caijin Tang
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, College of Stomatology, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China.,Guangxi Health Commission Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment for Oral Infectious Diseases, Nanning, China.,Guangxi Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Rehabilitation and Reconstruction, Guangxi Universities and Colleges Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Disease Treatment, Guangxi Clinical Research Center for Craniofacial Deformity, Nanning, China.,Guangxi Key Laboratory of AIDS Prevention and Treatment, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Renchuan Tao
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, College of Stomatology, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China.,Guangxi Health Commission Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment for Oral Infectious Diseases, Nanning, China.,Guangxi Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Rehabilitation and Reconstruction, Guangxi Universities and Colleges Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Disease Treatment, Guangxi Clinical Research Center for Craniofacial Deformity, Nanning, China.,Guangxi Key Laboratory of AIDS Prevention and Treatment, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Xiangzhi Yong
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, College of Stomatology, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China.,Guangxi Health Commission Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment for Oral Infectious Diseases, Nanning, China.,Guangxi Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Rehabilitation and Reconstruction, Guangxi Universities and Colleges Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Disease Treatment, Guangxi Clinical Research Center for Craniofacial Deformity, Nanning, China
| | - Qiaozhi Jiang
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, College of Stomatology, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China.,Guangxi Health Commission Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment for Oral Infectious Diseases, Nanning, China.,Guangxi Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Rehabilitation and Reconstruction, Guangxi Universities and Colleges Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Disease Treatment, Guangxi Clinical Research Center for Craniofacial Deformity, Nanning, China.,Guangxi Key Laboratory of AIDS Prevention and Treatment, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Cong Feng
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, College of Stomatology, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China.,Guangxi Health Commission Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment for Oral Infectious Diseases, Nanning, China.,Guangxi Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Rehabilitation and Reconstruction, Guangxi Universities and Colleges Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Disease Treatment, Guangxi Clinical Research Center for Craniofacial Deformity, Nanning, China.,Guangxi Key Laboratory of AIDS Prevention and Treatment, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
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12
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Ding L, Dong HY, Zhou TR, Wang YH, Yan T, Li JC, Wang ZY, Li J, Liang C. PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors-based treatment for advanced renal cell carcinoma: Mechanisms affecting efficacy and combination therapies. Cancer Med 2021; 10:6384-6401. [PMID: 34382349 PMCID: PMC8446416 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.4190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
With the widespread use of PD-1/PD-L1 monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) in the treatment of multiple malignant tumors, they were also gradually applied to advanced renal cell carcinoma (aRCC). Nowadays, multiple PD-1/PD-L1 mAbs, such as nivolumab, avelumab, and pembrolizumab, have achieved considerable efficacy in clinical trials. However, due to the primary, adaptive, and acquired resistance to these mAbs, the efficacy of this immunotherapy is not satisfactory. Theories also vary as to why the difference in efficacy occurs. The alterations of PD-L1 expression and the interference of cellular immunity may affect the efficacy. These mechanisms demand to be revealed to achieve a sustained and complete objective response in patients with aRCC. Tyrosine kinase inhibitors have been proven to have synergistic mechanisms with PD-1/PD-L1 mAb in the treatment of aRCC, and CTLA-4 mAb has been shown to have a non-redundant effect with PD-1/PD-L1 mAb to enhance efficacy. Although combinations with targeted agents or other checkpoint mAbs have yielded enhanced clinical outcomes in multiple clinical trials nowadays, the potential of PD-1/PD-L1 mAbs still has a large development space. More potential mechanisms that affect the efficacy demand to be developed and transformed into the clinical treatment of aRCC to search for possible combination regimens. We elucidate these mechanisms in RCC and present existing combination therapies applied in clinical trials. This may help physicians' select treatment options for patients with refractory kidney cancer.
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MESH Headings
- Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/pharmacology
- Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/therapeutic use
- B7-H1 Antigen/antagonists & inhibitors
- B7-H1 Antigen/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Renal Cell/diagnosis
- Carcinoma, Renal Cell/drug therapy
- Carcinoma, Renal Cell/immunology
- Carcinoma, Renal Cell/mortality
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/drug effects
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/genetics
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/immunology
- Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor
- Epigenesis, Genetic
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Humans
- Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors/therapeutic use
- Kidney Neoplasms/diagnosis
- Kidney Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Kidney Neoplasms/immunology
- Kidney Neoplasms/mortality
- Mutation
- Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor/antagonists & inhibitors
- Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor/metabolism
- Progression-Free Survival
- Protein Kinase Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Protein Kinase Inhibitors/therapeutic use
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Ding
- Department of UrologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Hui yu Dong
- Department of UrologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Tian ren Zhou
- Department of UrologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Yu hao Wang
- Department of UrologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Tao Yan
- Department of UrologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Jun chen Li
- Department of UrologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Zhong yuan Wang
- Department of UrologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Jie Li
- Department of UrologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Chao Liang
- Department of UrologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
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13
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Gad SES, Neinaa YMEH, Rizk OK, Ghaly NESR. Efficacy of platelet-poor plasma gel in combination with fractional CO 2 laser in striae distensae: A clinical, histological, and immunohistochemical study. J Cosmet Dermatol 2021; 20:3236-3244. [PMID: 33764613 DOI: 10.1111/jocd.14102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Platelet-poor plasma gel is a semi-solid plasma formulation that recently recommended as autologous bio-filler for treatment of atrophic dermal scars. AIM To compare the therapeutic efficacy and safety of intradermal injection of plasma gel in combination with fractional CO2 laser versus fractional CO2 laser alone in striae distensae (SD). PATIENTS AND METHODS This study included 36 SD patients treated by three sessions (one session/1.5 months) of fractional CO2 laser on all SD lesions following intradermal injection of plasma gel on one side and saline (as placebo) on the other side. RESULTS Significant clinical improvements associated with remarkable narrowing of SD lesions and prominent enhancement of skin texture were observed on both treatment sides. Obviously, higher degrees of clinical improvements of SD lesions were reported following combined therapy with fractional CO2 laser and plasma gel rather than fractional CO2 laser monotherapy. However, post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation (PIH) was reported more frequently with fractional CO2 laser monotherapy. Histopathological and immunohistochemical examinations revealed significant epidermal improvement, and homogenization, and orientation of dermal collagen bundles as a result of both therapeutic procedures. CONCLUSION Plasma gel in combination with fractional CO2 laser could be considered a promising novel treatment modality for SD. Plasma gel not only improves the efficacy of fractional CO2 laser but also decreases the frequency of PIH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samar El-Sayed Gad
- Dermatology and Venereology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Yomna Mazid El-Hamd Neinaa
- Dermatology and Venereology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt.,Dermatopathology Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Omnia Kamel Rizk
- Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
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