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Apollonova VS, Sidina EI, Tkachenko EV, Malek AV. MicroRNA-dependent mechanisms of taxane resistance in breast cancer. TUMORS OF FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM 2022. [DOI: 10.17650/1994-4098-2022-18-3-52-63] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) has a leading position in the statistics of oncological morbidity and mortality among women. Taxan-based polychemotherapy regimens are an essential component of the complex therapy of the BC. However, currently used algorithms of taxan-based regimens application do not always provide with desire effect. It indicates the need to identify new prognostic markers and to develop new approaches to modify response of BC cells to standard therapeutic regimens. MicroRNAs, small RNA molecules regulating protein synthesis, are considered as promising markers and potential modulators of the BC cells sensitivity to taxanes.The review includes a brief summary of the molecular mechanisms of action of the taxanes and the mechanism BC resistance to the process of microtubules depolymerization, provides with analysis of recent experimental and observational studies of the role of microRNAs in control of these mechanisms, and evaluates prospects for the development of new approaches to predict and to improve the cytostatic effects of taxanes through the analysis and modification of cellular microRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- V. S. Apollonova
- N. N. Petrov National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Ministry of Health of Russia
| | - E. I. Sidina
- N. N. Petrov National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Ministry of Health of Russia
| | - E. V. Tkachenko
- N. N. Petrov National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Ministry of Health of Russia
| | - A. V. Malek
- N. N. Petrov National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Ministry of Health of Russia
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2
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Ismail A, El-Mahdy HA, Abulsoud AI, Sallam AAM, Eldeib MG, Elsakka EG, Zaki MB, Doghish AS. Beneficial and detrimental aspects of miRNAs as chief players in breast cancer: A comprehensive review. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 224:1541-1565. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.10.241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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3
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Wu S, Liu C, Bai S, Lu Z, Liu G. Broadening the Horizons of RNA Delivery Strategies in Cancer Therapy. Bioengineering (Basel) 2022; 9:bioengineering9100576. [PMID: 36290544 PMCID: PMC9598637 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering9100576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
RNA-based therapy is a promising and innovative strategy for cancer treatment. However, poor stability, immunogenicity, low cellular uptake rate, and difficulty in endosomal escape are considered the major obstacles in the cancer therapy process, severely limiting the development of clinical translation and application. For efficient and safe transport of RNA into cancer cells, it usually needs to be packaged in appropriate carriers so that it can be taken up by the target cells and then be released to the specific location to perform its function. In this review, we will focus on up-to-date insights of the RNA-based delivery carrier and comprehensively describe its application in cancer therapy. We briefly discuss delivery obstacles in RNA-mediated cancer therapy and summarize the advantages and disadvantages of different carriers (cationic polymers, inorganic nanoparticles, lipids, etc.). In addition, we further summarize and discuss the current RNA therapeutic strategies approved for clinical use. A comprehensive overview of various carriers and emerging delivery strategies for RNA delivery, as well as the current status of clinical applications and practice of RNA medicines are classified and integrated to inspire fresh ideas and breakthroughs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuaiying Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics & Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Chao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics & Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Shuang Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics & Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Zhixiang Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics & Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
- Correspondence: (Z.L.); (G.L.)
| | - Gang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics & Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
- Correspondence: (Z.L.); (G.L.)
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4
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Tufail M, Cui J, Wu C. Breast cancer: molecular mechanisms of underlying resistance and therapeutic approaches. Am J Cancer Res 2022; 12:2920-2949. [PMID: 35968356 PMCID: PMC9360230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) affects over 250,000 women in the US each year. Drug-resistant cancer cells are responsible for most breast cancer fatalities. Scientists are developing novel chemotherapeutic drugs and targeted therapy combinations to overcome cancer cell resistance. Combining drugs can reduce the chances of a tumor developing resistance to treatment. Clinical research has shown that combination chemotherapy enhances or improves survival, depending on the patient's response to treatment. Combination therapy is a highly successful supplemental cancer treatment. This review sheds light on intrinsic resistance to BC drugs and the importance of combination therapy for BC treatment. In addition to recurrence and metastasis of BC, the article discussed biomarkers for BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Tufail
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Shanxi UniversityTaiyuan 030006, Shanxi, China
| | - Jia Cui
- Department of Microbiology, Changzhi Medical CollegeChangzhi 046000, Shanxi, China
| | - Changxin Wu
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Shanxi UniversityTaiyuan 030006, Shanxi, China
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Fang D, Li Y, Li Y, Chen Y, Huang Q, Luo Z, Chen J, Li Y, Wu Z, Huang Y, Ma Y. Identification of immune-related biomarkers for predicting neoadjuvant chemotherapy sensitivity in HER2 negative breast cancer via bioinformatics analysis. Gland Surg 2022; 11:1026-1036. [PMID: 35800743 PMCID: PMC9253195 DOI: 10.21037/gs-22-234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) is an important treatment for breast cancer (BC) patients. However, due to the lack of specific therapeutic targets, only 1/3 of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-negative patients reach pathological complete response (pCR). Therefore, there is an urgent need to identify novel biomarkers to distinguish and predict NAC sensitive in BC patients. METHODS The GSE163882 dataset, containing 159 BC patients treated with NAC, was downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Patients with pathological complete response (pCR) and those with residual disease (RD) were compared to obtain the differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Functional enrichment analyses were conducted on these DEGs. Then, we intersect the DEGs and immune-related genes to obtain the hub immune biomarkers, and then use the linear fitting model ("glm" package) to construct a prediction model composed of 9 immune biomarkers. Finally, the single sample gene set enrichment analysis (ssGSEA) algorithm was used to analyze immune cell invasion in BC patients, and the correlation between immune cell content and immune gene expression levels was analyzed. RESULTS Nine immune-related biomarkers were obtained in the intersection of DEGs and immune-related genes. Compared with RD patients, CXCL9, CXCL10, CXCL11, CXCL13, GZMB, IDO1, and LYZ were highly expressed in pCR patients, while CXCL14 and ESR1 were lowly expressed in pCR patients. After linear fitting of the multi-gene expression model, the area under the curve (AUC) value of the ROC curve diagnosis of pCR patients was 0.844. Immunoinfiltration analysis showed that compared with RD patients, 15 of the 28 immune cell types examined showed high-infiltration in pCR patients, including activated CD8 T cells, effector memory CD8 T cells, and activated CD4 T cells. CONCLUSIONS This investigation ultimately identified 9 immune-related biomarkers as potential tools for assessing the sensitivity of NAC in HER2-negative BC patients. These biomarkers have great potential for predicting pCR BC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalang Fang
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, China
| | - Yanting Li
- Department of Glandular Surgery, the People’s Hospital of Baise, Baise, China
| | - Yanghong Li
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, China
| | - Yongcheng Chen
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, China
| | - Qianfang Huang
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, China
| | - Zhizhai Luo
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, China
| | - Jinghua Chen
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, China
| | - Yingjin Li
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, China
| | - Zaizhi Wu
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, China
| | - Yuanlu Huang
- Department of Glandular Surgery, the People’s Hospital of Baise, Baise, China
| | - Yanfei Ma
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, China
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Fan X, Zou X, Liu C, Liu J, Peng S, Zhang S, Zhou X, Wang T, Geng X, Song G, Zhu W. Construction of the miRNA-mRNA Regulatory Networks and Explore Their Role in the Development of Lung Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:888020. [PMID: 35712349 PMCID: PMC9197544 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.888020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: MicroRNA (miRNA) binds to target mRNA and inhibit post-transcriptional gene expression. It plays an essential role in regulating gene expression, cell cycle, and biological development. This study aims to identify potential miRNA-mRNA regulatory networks that contribute to the pathogenesis of lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC). Patients and Methods: MiRNA microarray and RNA-Seq datasets were obtained from the gene expression omnibus (GEO) databases, the cancer genome atlas (TCGA), miRcancer, and dbDEMC. The GEO2R tool, “limma” and “DEseq” R packages were used to perform differential expression analysis. Gene enrichment analysis was conducted using the DAVID, DIANA, and Hiplot tools. The miRNA-mRNA regulatory networks were screened from the experimentally validated miRNA-target interactions databases (miRTarBase and TarBase). External validation was carried out in 30 pairs of LUSC tissues by Real-Time Quantitative Reverse Transcription PCR (qRT-PCR). Receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) and decision curve analysis (DCA) were conducted to evaluate the diagnostic value. Clinical, survival and phenotypic analysis of miRNA-mRNA regulatory networks were further explored. Results: We screened 5 miRNA and 10 mRNA expression datasets from GEO and identified 7 DE-miRNAs and 270 DE-mRNAs. After databases screening and correlation analysis, four pairs of miRNA-mRNA regulatory networks were screened out. The miRNA-mRNA network of miR-205-5p (up) and PTPRM (down) was validated in 30 pairs of LUSC tissues. MiR-205-5p and PTPRM have good diagnostic efficacy and are expressed differently in different clinical features and are related to tumor immunity. Conclusion: The research identified a potential miRNA-mRNA regulatory network, providing a new way to explore the genesis and development of LUSC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingchen Fan
- Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xuan Zou
- First Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Cheng Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiawen Liu
- First Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shuang Peng
- Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shiyu Zhang
- Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xin Zhou
- Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Tongshan Wang
- Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiangnan Geng
- Department of Clinical Engineer, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Xiangnan Geng, ; Guoxin Song, ; Wei Zhu,
| | - Guoxin Song
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Xiangnan Geng, ; Guoxin Song, ; Wei Zhu,
| | - Wei Zhu
- Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Xiangnan Geng, ; Guoxin Song, ; Wei Zhu,
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Chen Q, Yang Z, Ding H, Li H, Wang W, Pan Z. CircWHSC1 Promotes Breast Cancer Progression by Regulating the FASN/AMPK/mTOR Axis Through Sponging miR-195-5p. Front Oncol 2022; 11:649242. [PMID: 35070947 PMCID: PMC8766753 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.649242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous studies reveal that circular RNAs (circRNAs) affect cancer progression. CircWHSC1 is a novel circRNA that accelerates ovarian cancer progression. Nevertheless, the function of circWHSC1 in regulating breast cancer (BC) is elusive. Here, quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was carried out to detect the profiles of circWHSC1 and miR-195-5p in BC tissues and corresponding non-tumor tissues. Gain- and loss-of-function assays were implemented both in vivo and ex vivo to verify the significance of circWHSC1 in BC development. BC cell proliferation was estimated by the cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) and BrdU assays. Transwell assay was implemented to test BC cell migration and invasion. The protein levels of FASN, AMPK and mTOR were determined by Western blot. Moreover, immunohistochemistry was performed to examine Ki67 and FASN expression. As shown by the result, circWHSC1 was up-regulated in BC tissues versus adjacent non-tumor tissues. circWHSC1 overexpression was correlated with higher tumor stages, lymphatic metastasis and worse survival of BC patients. Functionally, overexpressing circWHSC1 amplified proliferation, migration and invasion of BC cell lines and boosted xenograft tumor growth in nude mice. Bioinformatics uncovered that circWHSC1 functioned as a competitive endogenous RNA by sponging miR-195-5p, which was further corroborated by the dual-luciferase reporter assay and RNA immunoprecipitation. miR-195-5p delayed BC progression, which was dampened by circWHSC1 up-regulation. Fatty acid synthase (FASN) was affirmed as a direct target of miR-195-5p. miR-195-5p overexpression curbed FASN expression and activated its downstream AMPK pathway. Inhibition of FASN or activation of the AMPK pathway reversed circWHSC1-mediated oncogenic effects. Collectively, CircWHSC1 acted as an oncogene to expedite BC evolvement by modulating the miR-195-5p/FASN/AMPK/mTOR pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhen Yang
- Department of General Surgery, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongjian Ding
- Department of General Surgery, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Huaqing Li
- Department of General Surgery, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Weiyu Wang
- Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Institute of Hepatobiliary Diseases of Wuhan University, Transplant Center of Wuhan University, Hubei Key Laboratory of Medical Technology on Transplantation, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhiyu Pan
- Department of General Surgery, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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8
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Li CH, Liao CC. The Metabolism Reprogramming of microRNA Let-7-Mediated Glycolysis Contributes to Autophagy and Tumor Progression. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 23:113. [PMID: 35008539 PMCID: PMC8745176 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23010113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is usually a result of abnormal glucose uptake and imbalanced nutrient metabolization. The dysregulation of glucose metabolism, which controls the processes of glycolysis, gives rise to various physiological defects. Autophagy is one of the metabolic-related cellular functions and involves not only energy regeneration but also tumorigenesis. The dysregulation of autophagy impacts on the imbalance of metabolic homeostasis and leads to a variety of disorders. In particular, the microRNA (miRNA) Let-7 has been identified as related to glycolysis procedures such as tissue repair, stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes, and tumoral metastasis. In many cancers, the expression of glycolysis-related enzymes is correlated with Let-7, in which multiple enzymes are related to the regulation of the autophagy process. However, much recent research has not comprehensively investigated how Let-7 participates in glycolytic reprogramming or its links to autophagic regulations, mainly in tumor progression. Through an integrated literature review and omics-related profiling correlation, this review provides the possible linkage of the Let-7 network between glycolysis and autophagy, and its role in tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Hsiu Li
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan;
| | - Chiao-Chun Liao
- Department of Tropical Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
- Institute of Public Health and Department of Social Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
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Martinez-Balibrea E, Ciribilli Y. Editorial: Transcriptional Regulation as a Key Player in Cancer Cells Drug Resistance. Front Oncol 2021; 11:764506. [PMID: 34765559 PMCID: PMC8576526 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.764506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Eva Martinez-Balibrea
- Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP), ProCURE program, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Badalona, Spain
| | - Yari Ciribilli
- Laboratory of Molecular Cancer Research, Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, Trento, Italy
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10
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Xin C, Huang F, Wang J, Li J, Chen Q. Roles of circRNAs in cancer chemoresistance (Review). Oncol Rep 2021; 46:225. [PMID: 34468007 DOI: 10.3892/or.2021.8176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Circular RNA (circRNA) is a type of endogenous, high‑stability, noncoding RNA. circRNAs exhibit various biological functions, and are involved in physiological and pathological processes occurring in various diseases, including cancers. They can not only act as microRNA and protein sponges, but also interact with proteins, translated peptides, and transcriptional and translational regulators, and compete with pre‑mRNA splicing. Chemotherapy is one of the most important types of cancer treatment. However, the resistance of cancer cells to chemotherapy is a leading reason for the failure of chemotherapy. It has been reported that circRNAs play important roles in cancer resistance via a number of mechanisms. The functions of the circRNAs provide insight into their roles in chemoresistance pathways. In addition, some circRNAs may serve as novel biomarkers for the diagnosis and prognosis of cancer resistance. Obtaining improved understanding of the molecular regulatory networks featuring circRNAs in tumors and searching for markers for the diagnosis and treatment of cancer resistance are leading issues in circRNA research. The present review introduced the functions of circRNAs, illustrated the mechanisms underlying drug resistance in cancer, described the contributions of circRNAs to this resistance and discussed the potential application of circRNAs in the treatment of drug‑resistant cancer. In particular, the review aimed to reveal the main mechanisms of circRNAs in cancer drug resistance, including mechanisms involving drug transport and metabolism, alterations of drug targets, DNA damage repair, downstream resistance mechanisms, adaptive responses and the tumor microenvironment. The findings may provide novel therapeutic targets for clinical treatment of cancer chemoresistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan Xin
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Fei Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Jiongke Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Jing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Qianming Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
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Budakoti M, Panwar AS, Molpa D, Singh RK, Büsselberg D, Mishra AP, Coutinho HDM, Nigam M. Micro-RNA: The darkhorse of cancer. Cell Signal 2021; 83:109995. [PMID: 33785398 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2021.109995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The discovery of micro RNAs (miRNA) in cancer has opened up new vistas for researchers in recent years. Micro RNAs area set of small, endogenous, highly conserved, non-coding RNAs that control the expression of about 30% genes at post-transcriptional levels. Typically, microRNAs impede the translation and stability of messenger RNAs (mRNA), control genes associated with cellular processes namely inflammation, cell cycle regulation, stress response, differentiation, apoptosis, and migration. Compelling findings revealed that miRNA mutations or disruption correspond to diverse human cancers and suggest that miRNAs can function as tumor suppressors or oncogenes. Here we summarize the literature on these master regulators in clinical settings from last three decades as both abrupt cancer therapeutics and as an approach to sensitize tumors to chemotherapy. This review highlights (I) the prevailing perception of miRNA genomics, biogenesis, as well as function; (II) the significant advancements in regulatory mechanisms in the expression of carcinogenic genes; and (III) explains, how miRNA is utilized as a diagnostic and prognostic biomarker for the disease stage indicating survival as well as therapeutic targets in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mridul Budakoti
- Department of Biochemistry, H. N. B. Garhwal University, Srinagar Garhwal 246174, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Abhay Shikhar Panwar
- Department of Biochemistry, H. N. B. Garhwal University, Srinagar Garhwal 246174, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Diksha Molpa
- Department of Biochemistry, H. N. B. Garhwal University, Srinagar Garhwal 246174, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Rahul Kunwar Singh
- Department of Microbiology, H. N. B. Garhwal University, Srinagar Garhwal 246174, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Dietrich Büsselberg
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha 24144, Qatar.
| | - Abhay Prakash Mishra
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, H. N. B. Garhwal University, Srinagar Garhwal 246174, Uttarakhand, India.
| | | | - Manisha Nigam
- Department of Biochemistry, H. N. B. Garhwal University, Srinagar Garhwal 246174, Uttarakhand, India.
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Škubník J, Pavlíčková V, Ruml T, Rimpelová S. Current Perspectives on Taxanes: Focus on Their Bioactivity, Delivery and Combination Therapy. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:569. [PMID: 33802861 PMCID: PMC8002726 DOI: 10.3390/plants10030569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Taxanes, mainly paclitaxel and docetaxel, the microtubule stabilizers, have been well known for being the first-line therapy for breast cancer for more than the last thirty years. Moreover, they have been also used for the treatment of ovarian, hormone-refractory prostate, head and neck, and non-small cell lung carcinomas. Even though paclitaxel and docetaxel significantly enhance the overall survival rate of cancer patients, there are some limitations of their use, such as very poor water solubility and the occurrence of severe side effects. However, this is what pushes the research on these microtubule-stabilizing agents further and yields novel taxane derivatives with significantly improved properties. Therefore, this review article brings recent advances reported in taxane research mainly in the last two years. We focused especially on recent methods of taxane isolation, their mechanism of action, development of their novel derivatives, formulations, and improved tumor-targeted drug delivery. Since cancer cell chemoresistance can be an unsurpassable hurdle in taxane administration, a significant part of this review article has been also devoted to combination therapy of taxanes in cancer treatment. Last but not least, we summarize ongoing clinical trials on these compounds and bring a perspective of advancements in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Silvie Rimpelová
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 3, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic; (J.Š.); (V.P.); (T.R.)
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13
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Yang L, Cui Y, Sun X, Wang Y. Overexpression of TICRR and PPIF confer poor prognosis in endometrial cancer identified by gene co-expression network analysis. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:4564-4589. [PMID: 33495413 PMCID: PMC7906164 DOI: 10.18632/aging.202417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The incidence of endometrial cancer (EC) is intensively increasing. However, due to the complexity and heterogeneity of EC, the molecular targeted therapy is still limited. The reliable and accurate biomarkers for tumor progression are urgently demanded. After normalizing the data from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), we utilized limma and WGCNA packages to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs). The copy number variations of candidate genes were investigated by cBioPortal. Enrichment pathways analysis was performed by ClueGO and CluePedia. The methylation status was explored by UALCAN. ROC curve and survival analysis were conducted by SPSS and Kaplan–Meier. Infiltration immune cells in microenvironment were analyzed by TISIDB. Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) and Gene Set Variation Analysis (GSVA) were applied to explore potential biological pathways. Immunohistochemistry staining (IHC), cell proliferation, cell apoptosis, colony formation, migration, invasion and scratch-wound assays were performed to investigate the function of key genes in vitro. In this study, four expression profile datasets were integrated to identify candidate genes. Combined with WGCNA analysis, the top ten candidates were screened out, whose abnormal methylation patterns were extremely correlated with their expression level and they were associated with tumor grades and predicted poor survival. GSEA and GSVA demonstrated they were involved in DNA replication and cell cycle transition in EC. Gene silencing of TICRR and PPIF dramatically inhibited cell growth, migration and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and enhanced progesterone sensitivity. Additionally, from DrugBank database, cyclosporine may be effective for PPIF targeted therapy. By integrative bioinformatics analysis and in vitro experiments, our study shed novel light on the molecular mechanisms of EC. TICRR and PPIF may promise to be potential therapeutic targets for endometrial cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linlin Yang
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, The International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Municipal Key Clinical Specialty, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Disease, Shanghai, China
| | - Yunxia Cui
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, The International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Municipal Key Clinical Specialty, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Disease, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao Sun
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, The International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Municipal Key Clinical Specialty, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Disease, Shanghai, China
| | - Yudong Wang
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, The International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Municipal Key Clinical Specialty, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Disease, Shanghai, China
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