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Zheng Z, Yang T, Li Y, Qu P, Shao Z, Wang Y, Chang W, Umar SM, Wang J, Ding N, Wang W. A future directions of renal cell carcinoma treatment: combination of immune checkpoint inhibition and carbon ion radiotherapy. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1428584. [PMID: 39091498 PMCID: PMC11291258 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1428584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is considered radio- and chemo-resistant. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have demonstrated significant clinical efficacy in advanced RCC. However, the overall response rate of RCC to monotherapy remains limited. Given its immunomodulatory effects, a combination of radiotherapy (RT) with immunotherapy is increasingly used for cancer treatment. Heavy ion radiotherapy, specifically the carbon ion radiotherapy (CIRT), represents an innovative approach to cancer treatment, offering superior physical and biological effectiveness compared to conventional photon radiotherapy and exhibiting obvious advantages in cancer treatment. The combination of CIRT and immunotherapy showed robust effectiveness in preclinical studies of various tumors, thus holds promise for overcoming radiation resistance of RCC and enhancing therapeutic outcomes. Here, we provide a comprehensive review on the biophysical effects of CIRT, the efficacy of combination treatment and the underlying mechanisms involved in, as well as its therapeutic potential specifically within RCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhouhang Zheng
- Department of Urology, The Second Hospital & Clinical Medical School, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
- Key Laboratory of Space Radiobiology of Gansu Province & Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Tianci Yang
- Department of Urology, The Second Hospital & Clinical Medical School, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
- Key Laboratory of Space Radiobiology of Gansu Province & Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yixuan Li
- Department of Urology, The Second Hospital & Clinical Medical School, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
- Key Laboratory of Space Radiobiology of Gansu Province & Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Pei Qu
- Key Laboratory of Space Radiobiology of Gansu Province & Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiang Shao
- Key Laboratory of Space Radiobiology of Gansu Province & Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yuan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Space Radiobiology of Gansu Province & Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Chang
- Department of Urology, The Second Hospital & Clinical Medical School, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Shahzad Muhammad Umar
- Department of Urology, The Second Hospital & Clinical Medical School, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Jufang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Space Radiobiology of Gansu Province & Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Nan Ding
- Key Laboratory of Space Radiobiology of Gansu Province & Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Urology, The Second Hospital & Clinical Medical School, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
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Liu M, Ma N, Ren C, Song S, Wu K, Sun Y, Mao J, Cheng J. Hypoxia predicts favorable response to carbon ion radiotherapy in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) defined by 18F-FMISO positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) imaging. Quant Imaging Med Surg 2024; 14:3489-3500. [PMID: 38720866 PMCID: PMC11074739 DOI: 10.21037/qims-23-1685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
Background Hypoxia is the bottleneck that affects the response of conventional photon radiotherapy, but it does not seem to have much effect on carbon ion radiotherapy (CIRT). This study aimed to evaluate the changes of hypoxia before and after CIRT in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and whether 18F-fluoromisonidazole (18F-FMISO) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) imaging could predict the response to CIRT in NSCLC patients. Methods A total of 29 patients with NSCLC who received CIRT were retrospectively included. 18F-FMISO PET/CT imaging was performed before and after treatment, and chest CT was performed after radiotherapy. Radiation response within 1 week after radiotherapy and at the initial follow-up were defined as the immediate response (IR) and early response (ER), respectively. The tumor-to-muscle ratio (TMR), hypoxia volume (HV), and the ΔTMR and ΔHV values of 18F-FMISO uptake were collected. Fisher's exact test, Mann-Whitney U test, Wilcoxon signed-rank test, and binary logistic regression were used to analyze data. Results (I) Baseline TMR could predict the IR to CIRT with a baseline TMR cut-off value of 2.35, an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.85 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.62-1.00], a sensitivity of 80.0%, a specificity of 87.5%, and an accuracy of 85.7%. Taking the baseline TMR =2.35 as the cut-off value of high-hypoxia and low-hypoxia group, the IR rate of the high-hypoxia group [66.7% (4/6)] and the low-hypoxia group [6.7% (1/15)] was statistically different (P=0.01). (II) ΔTMR could predict early treatment response after CIRT at initial follow-up, with a cut-off value of ΔTMR =36.6%, AUC of 0.80 (95% CI: 0.61-1.00), sensitivity of 72.7%, specificity of 90.0% and accuracy of 71.4%. Conclusions A higher degree of tumor hypoxia may be associated with a better IR to CIRT. ΔTMR could predict early treatment response after CIRT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyu Liu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Proton and Heavy Ion Center, Fudan University Cancer Hospital, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology (20dz2261000), Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Proton and Heavy Ion Radiation Therapy, Shanghai, China
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ningyi Ma
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology (20dz2261000), Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Proton and Heavy Ion Radiation Therapy, Shanghai, China
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shanghai Proton and Heavy Ion Center, Fudan University Cancer Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Caiyue Ren
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology (20dz2261000), Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Proton and Heavy Ion Radiation Therapy, Shanghai, China
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Proton and Heavy Ion Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Shaoli Song
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Proton and Heavy Ion Center, Fudan University Cancer Hospital, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology (20dz2261000), Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Proton and Heavy Ion Radiation Therapy, Shanghai, China
| | - Kailiang Wu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology (20dz2261000), Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Proton and Heavy Ion Radiation Therapy, Shanghai, China
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shanghai Proton and Heavy Ion Center, Fudan University Cancer Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Yun Sun
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology (20dz2261000), Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Proton and Heavy Ion Radiation Therapy, Shanghai, China
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Proton and Heavy Ion Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingfang Mao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology (20dz2261000), Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Proton and Heavy Ion Radiation Therapy, Shanghai, China
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shanghai Proton and Heavy Ion Center, Fudan University Cancer Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingyi Cheng
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Proton and Heavy Ion Center, Fudan University Cancer Hospital, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology (20dz2261000), Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Proton and Heavy Ion Radiation Therapy, Shanghai, China
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Yu B, Gao Y, Li J, Gao F, Zhang J, Li L, Feng X, Zuo D, Jin X, Chen W, Li Q. Killing two birds with one stone: Abscopal effect mechanism and its application prospect in radiotherapy. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2024; 196:104325. [PMID: 38462151 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2024.104325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Abscopal effects are characterized by the emergence of neoplasms in regions unrelated to the primary radiation therapy site, displaying a gradual attenuation or regression throughout the progression of radiation therapy, which have been of interest to scientists since Mole's proposal in 1953. The incidence of abscopal effects in radiation therapy is intricately linked to the immune system, with both innate and adaptive immune responses playing crucial roles. Biological factors impacting abscopal effects ultimately exert their influence on the intricate workings of the immune system. Although abscopal effects are rarely observed in clinical cases, the underlying mechanism remains uncertain. This article examines the biological and physical factors influencing abscopal effects of radiotherapy. Through a review of preclinical and clinical studies, this article aims to offer a comprehensive understanding of abscopal effects and proposes new avenues for future research in this field. The findings presented in this article serve as a valuable reference for researchers seeking to explore this topic in greater depth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boyi Yu
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China; Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China; Key Laboratory of Basic Research on Heavy Ion Radiation Application in Medicine, Lanzhou, Gansu Province 730000, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yuting Gao
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China; College of Life Sciences, Northwest Normal University, Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Jiaxin Li
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China; Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China; Key Laboratory of Basic Research on Heavy Ion Radiation Application in Medicine, Lanzhou, Gansu Province 730000, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Feifei Gao
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China; Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China; Key Laboratory of Basic Research on Heavy Ion Radiation Application in Medicine, Lanzhou, Gansu Province 730000, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jiahao Zhang
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China; School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu Province 730000, China
| | - Linjing Li
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China; Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China; Key Laboratory of Basic Research on Heavy Ion Radiation Application in Medicine, Lanzhou, Gansu Province 730000, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xianglong Feng
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China; Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China; Key Laboratory of Basic Research on Heavy Ion Radiation Application in Medicine, Lanzhou, Gansu Province 730000, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Dashan Zuo
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China; Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China; Key Laboratory of Basic Research on Heavy Ion Radiation Application in Medicine, Lanzhou, Gansu Province 730000, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiaodong Jin
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China; Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China; Key Laboratory of Basic Research on Heavy Ion Radiation Application in Medicine, Lanzhou, Gansu Province 730000, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Weiqiang Chen
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China; Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China; Key Laboratory of Basic Research on Heavy Ion Radiation Application in Medicine, Lanzhou, Gansu Province 730000, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Qiang Li
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China; Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China; Key Laboratory of Basic Research on Heavy Ion Radiation Application in Medicine, Lanzhou, Gansu Province 730000, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
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Huang Q, Hu J, Chen L, Lin W, Yang J, Hu W, Gao J, Zhang H, Lu JJ, Kong L. Carbon ion radiotherapy combined with immunotherapy: synergistic anti-tumor efficacy and preliminary investigation of ferroptosis. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2023; 72:4077-4088. [PMID: 37777634 PMCID: PMC10700413 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-023-03544-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/02/2023]
Abstract
Carbon ion radiotherapy (CIRT) may yield satisfactory clinical outcomes for patients who are resistant to radiotherapy. However, the therapeutic impact of carbon ions is still limited in certain recurring or refractory tumors. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the synergistic anti-tumor effects of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in combination with CIRT. We then explored the involvement of ferroptosis in a preliminary investigation. A tumor-bearing mouse model was established, and mice were inoculated subcutaneously with B16-OVA cells into the flanks of both hind legs. Mice were assigned to four groups to receive CIRT, ICIs, or combined treatment. Thereafter, we conducted transcriptome sequencing (RNA-seq), bioinformatics analysis, and various immune-related experiments on the available tumor tissues to investigate differences in the synergistic anticancer effects and potential mechanisms across the groups. The combination therapies significantly improved the survival of mice and inhibited tumor growth, both at local and distant sites. Based on bioinformatics and RNA-seq data, immune-related pathways and genes, immune cell infiltration, and the production of cytokines and chemokines were the most enhanced in the combined treatment group compared to other groups. Finally, we identified a potential role for ferroptosis in the development of local anti-tumor synergy during CIRT combination treatment. In conclusion, this study showed that CIRT and ICIs can enhance the anti-tumor immune effects. We also proposed that ferroptosis may induce anti-tumor effects in CIRT combination therapy, offering a unique perspective on its ability to enhance immunotherapy responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingting Huang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shanghai Proton and Heavy Ion Center, Shanghai, 201321, China
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shanghai Proton and Heavy Ion Center, Fudan University Cancer Hospital, Shanghai, 201321, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology (20dz2261000), Shanghai, 201321, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Proton and Heavy Ion Radiation Therapy, Shanghai, 201321, China
| | - Jiyi Hu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shanghai Proton and Heavy Ion Center, Fudan University Cancer Hospital, Shanghai, 201321, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology (20dz2261000), Shanghai, 201321, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Proton and Heavy Ion Radiation Therapy, Shanghai, 201321, China
| | - Li Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shanghai Proton and Heavy Ion Center, Shanghai, 201321, China
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shanghai Proton and Heavy Ion Center, Fudan University Cancer Hospital, Shanghai, 201321, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology (20dz2261000), Shanghai, 201321, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Proton and Heavy Ion Radiation Therapy, Shanghai, 201321, China
| | - Wanzun Lin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shanghai Proton and Heavy Ion Center, Shanghai, 201321, China
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shanghai Proton and Heavy Ion Center, Fudan University Cancer Hospital, Shanghai, 201321, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology (20dz2261000), Shanghai, 201321, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Proton and Heavy Ion Radiation Therapy, Shanghai, 201321, China
| | - Jing Yang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shanghai Proton and Heavy Ion Center, Shanghai, 201321, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology (20dz2261000), Shanghai, 201321, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Proton and Heavy Ion Radiation Therapy, Shanghai, 201321, China
| | - Weixu Hu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shanghai Proton and Heavy Ion Center, Shanghai, 201321, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology (20dz2261000), Shanghai, 201321, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Proton and Heavy Ion Radiation Therapy, Shanghai, 201321, China
| | - Jing Gao
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shanghai Proton and Heavy Ion Center, Shanghai, 201321, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology (20dz2261000), Shanghai, 201321, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Proton and Heavy Ion Radiation Therapy, Shanghai, 201321, China
| | - Haojiong Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shanghai Proton and Heavy Ion Center, Shanghai, 201321, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology (20dz2261000), Shanghai, 201321, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Proton and Heavy Ion Radiation Therapy, Shanghai, 201321, China
| | - Jiade Jay Lu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Proton and Heavy Ion Center, Heyou International Hospital, Foshan, 528000, China.
| | - Lin Kong
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shanghai Proton and Heavy Ion Center, Fudan University Cancer Hospital, Shanghai, 201321, China.
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology (20dz2261000), Shanghai, 201321, China.
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Proton and Heavy Ion Radiation Therapy, Shanghai, 201321, China.
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Sokol O, Durante M. Carbon Ions for Hypoxic Tumors: Are We Making the Most of Them? Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:4494. [PMID: 37760464 PMCID: PMC10526811 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15184494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia, which is associated with abnormal vessel growth, is a characteristic feature of many solid tumors that increases their metastatic potential and resistance to radiotherapy. Carbon-ion radiation therapy, either alone or in combination with other treatments, is one of the most promising treatments for hypoxic tumors because the oxygen enhancement ratio decreases with increasing particle LET. Nevertheless, current clinical practice does not yet fully benefit from the use of carbon ions to tackle hypoxia. Here, we provide an overview of the existing experimental and clinical evidence supporting the efficacy of C-ion radiotherapy in overcoming hypoxia-induced radioresistance, followed by a discussion of the strategies proposed to enhance it, including different approaches to maximize LET in the tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Sokol
- Biophysics Department, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforchung, Planckstraße 1, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany;
| | - Marco Durante
- Biophysics Department, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforchung, Planckstraße 1, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany;
- Institute for Condensed Matter Physics, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Hochschulstraße 8, 64289 Darmstadt, Germany
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Li Y, Li X, Yang J, Wang S, Tang M, Xia J, Gao Y. Flourish of Proton and Carbon Ion Radiotherapy in China. Front Oncol 2022; 12:819905. [PMID: 35237518 PMCID: PMC8882681 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.819905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Proton and heavy ion therapy offer superior relative biological effectiveness (RBE) in the treatment of deep-seated tumors compared with conventional photon radiotherapy due to its Bragg-peak feature of energy deposition in organs. Many proton and carbon ion therapy centers are active all over the world. At present, five particle radiotherapy institutes have been built and are receiving patient in China, mainly including Wanjie Proton Therapy Center (WPTC), Shanghai Proton Heavy Ion Center (SPHIC), Heavy Ion Cancer Treatment Center (HIMM), Chang Gung Memorial Hospital (CGMH), and Ruijin Hospital affiliated with Jiao Tong University. Many cancer patients have benefited from ion therapy, showing unique advantages over surgery and chemotherapy. By the end of 2020, nearly 8,000 patients had been treated with proton, carbon ion or carbon ion combined with proton therapy. So far, there is no systemic review for proton and carbon ion therapy facility and clinical outcome in China. We reviewed the development of proton and heavy ion therapy, as well as providing the representative clinical data and future directions for particle therapy in China. It has important guiding significance for the design and construction of new particle therapy center and patients’ choice of treatment equipment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Li
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Yue Li,
| | - Xiaoman Li
- Department of Radiation Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Jiancheng Yang
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Sicheng Wang
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Meitang Tang
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jiawen Xia
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- Huizhou Research Center of Ion Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Huizhou, China
| | - Yunzhe Gao
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- School of Nuclear Science and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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