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Singh VK, Rajak N, Singh Y, Singh AK, Giri R, Garg N. Role of MicroRNA-21 in Prostate Cancer Progression and Metastasis: Molecular Mechanisms to Therapeutic Targets. Ann Surg Oncol 2024; 31:4795-4808. [PMID: 38758485 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-024-15453-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
The role of noncoding RNA has made remarkable progress in understanding progression, metastasis, and metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). A better understanding of the miRNAs has enhanced our knowledge of their targeting mainly at the therapy level in solid tumors, such as prostate cancer (PCa). microRNAs (miRNAs) belong to a class of endogenous RNA that deficit encoded proteins. Therefore, the role of miRNAs has been well-coined in the progression and development of PCa. miR-21 has a dual nature in its work both as a tumor suppressor and oncogenic role, but most of the recent studies showed that miR-21 is a tumor promoter and also is involved in castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). Upregulation of miR-21 suppresses programmed cell death and inducing metastasis and castration resistant in PCa. miR-21 is involved in the different stages, such as proliferation, angiogenesis, migration, and invasion, and plays an important role in the progression, metastasis, and advanced stages of PCa. Recently, various studies directly linked the role of high levels of miR-21 with a poor therapeutic response in the patient of PCa. In the present review, we have explained the molecular mechanisms/pathways of miR-21 in PCa progression, metastasis, and castration resistant and summarized the role of miR-21 in diagnosis and therapeutic levels in PCa. In addition, we have spotlighted the recent therapeutic strategies for targeting different stages of PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vipendra Kumar Singh
- School of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Mandi, VPO Kamand, Mandi, Himachal Pradesh, India
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, The George Washington University, Washington, D.C., DC, USA
| | - Naina Rajak
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Ayurveda, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, UP, India
| | - Yashasvi Singh
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, UP, India
| | - Ankit Kumar Singh
- University Department of Botany Lalit Narayan Mithila University, Darbhanga, Bihar, India
| | - Rajanish Giri
- School of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Mandi, VPO Kamand, Mandi, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Neha Garg
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Ayurveda, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, UP, India.
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Al-Zubaidi A, Bezold S, Bhargava P, Villanueva-Meyer J. Prostate cancer brain metastases: Monitoring response to treatment with PSMA PET/CT. Radiol Case Rep 2024; 19:2367-2370. [PMID: 38559655 PMCID: PMC10979001 DOI: 10.1016/j.radcr.2024.02.110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 02/25/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer brain metastases are rare but increasingly recognized with prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) PET/CT. Distinguishing tumor response from postradiation changes are challenging on MRI. PSMA PET/CT may clarify equivocal brain lesions after radiotherapy. A 71-year-old man with metastatic prostate cancer developed 2 new brain lesions on PSMA PET/CT. Lesions were high PSMA-avid and MRI follow up showed enhancing masses with edema, consistent with metastases. He underwent whole-brain radiation. Follow-up PSMA PET/CT after radiotherapy demonstrated significantly decreased lesion size and activity, with activity lower than blood pool, indicating a treatment response. MRI also showed near-resolution of the lesions. This case highlights the potential utility of PSMA PET/CT for detecting prostate cancer brain metastases and monitoring treatment response. PSMA PET/CT provides valuable complementary information to MRI for managing irradiated prostate cancer brain metastases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anas Al-Zubaidi
- Department of Radiology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston TX 77555, USA
| | - Samuel Bezold
- Department of Radiology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston TX 77555, USA
| | - Peeyush Bhargava
- Department of Radiology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston TX 77555, USA
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Tufail M, Wan WD, Jiang C, Li N. Targeting PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling to overcome drug resistance in cancer. Chem Biol Interact 2024; 396:111055. [PMID: 38763348 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2024.111055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
This review comprehensively explores the challenge of drug resistance in cancer by focusing on the pivotal PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway, elucidating its role in oncogenesis and resistance mechanisms across various cancer types. It meticulously examines the diverse mechanisms underlying resistance, including genetic mutations, feedback loops, and microenvironmental factors, while also discussing the associated resistance patterns. Evaluating current therapeutic strategies targeting this pathway, the article highlights the hurdles encountered in drug development and clinical trials. Innovative approaches to overcome resistance, such as combination therapies and precision medicine, are critically analyzed, alongside discussions on emerging therapies like immunotherapy and molecularly targeted agents. Overall, this comprehensive review not only sheds light on the complexities of resistance in cancer but also provides a roadmap for advancing cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Tufail
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Center of Stomatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Wen-Dong Wan
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Center of Stomatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Canhua Jiang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Center of Stomatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China; Institute of Oral Precancerous Lesions, Central South University, Changsha, China; Research Center of Oral and Maxillofacial Tumor, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ning Li
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Center of Stomatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China; Institute of Oral Precancerous Lesions, Central South University, Changsha, China; Research Center of Oral and Maxillofacial Tumor, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.
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Chaudary N, Wiljer E, Foltz W, Thapa P, Hill RP, Milosevic M. An orthotopic prostate cancer model for new treatment development using syngeneic or patient-derived tumors. Prostate 2024; 84:823-831. [PMID: 38606933 DOI: 10.1002/pros.24701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There are limited preclinical orthotopic prostate cancer models due to the technical complexity of surgical engraftment and tracking the tumor growth in the mouse prostate gland. Orthotopic xenografts recapitulate the tumor microenvironment, tumor stromal interactions, and clinical behavior to a greater extent than xenografts grown at subcutaneous or intramuscular sites. METHODS This study describes a novel micro-surgical technique for orthotopically implanting intact tumors pieces from cell line derived (transgenic adenocarcinoma mouse prostate [TRAMP]-C2) or patient derived (neuroendocrine prostate cancer [NEPC]) tumors in the mouse prostate gland and monitoring tumor growth using magnetic resonance (MR) imaging. RESULTS The TRAMP-C2 tumors grew rapidly to a predetermined endpoint size of 10 mm within 3 weeks, whereas the NEPC tumors grew at a slower rate over 7 weeks. The tumors were readily detected by MR and confidently identified when they were approximately 2-3 mm in size. The tumors were less well-defined on CT. The TRAMP-C2 tumors were characterized by amorphous sheets of poorly differentiated cells similar to a high-grade prostatic adenocarcinoma and frequent macroscopic peritoneal and lymph node metastases. In contrast, the NEPC's displayed a neuroendocrine morphology with polygonal cells arranged in nests and solid sheets and high count. There was a local invasion of the bladder and other adjacent tissues but no identifiable metastases. The TRAMP-C2 tumors were more hypoxic than the NEPC tumors. CONCLUSIONS This novel preclinical orthotopic prostate cancer mouse model is suitable for either syngeneic or patient derived tumors and will be effective in developing and advancing the current selection of treatments for patients with prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naz Chaudary
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Canada
| | - E Wiljer
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Canada
| | - Warren Foltz
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Canada
| | | | - Richard P Hill
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Michael Milosevic
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
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Nandagopal S, Choudhary G, Sankanagoudar S, Banerjee M, Elhence P, Jena R, Selvi MK, Shukla KK. Expression of stem cell markers as predictors of therapeutic response in metastatic prostate cancer patients. Urol Oncol 2024; 42:68.e21-68.e31. [PMID: 38278632 DOI: 10.1016/j.urolonc.2023.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2023] [Revised: 12/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer stem cells (CSCs) have been implicated in prostate cancer (PCA) progression and therapeutic resistance. This study aimed to compare the expression levels of CSC CD (CD 44, CD 133, and CD 24) markers in treatment-naive patients with metastatic PCA before and after treatment. METHODS The study included 60 treatment-naïve patients with metastatic PCA who received androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) alone (n = 30) and ADT plus chemotherapy (n = 30). The level of CD44, CD133, and CD24 were obtained by flow cytometric analysis before and after treatment. Baseline characteristics were also assessed, including age, pretreatment testosterone levels, and pretreatment prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels. RESULTS The baseline characteristics analysis showed no significant difference in pre-treatment testosterone levels between the ADT+ chemotherapy and ADT-alone groups. In the flow cytometric analysis, no significant difference was observed in pre-treatment CD44+ and CD133+ levels between the 2 treatment groups, although a trend towards higher pretreatment CD24- levels was observed in the ADT+ chemotherapy group. After treatment, significant reductions in testosterone and PSA levels were observed in both treatment arms. The ADT+ chemotherapy group showed a greater reduction in CD44+ and CD133+ levels compared to the ADT-alone group. Bioinformatic analysis using the UALCAN TCGA database also showed a similar trend of CD 44, CD 24, and CD 133 gene expression patterns. CONCLUSION Combination therapy involving chemotherapy and ADT appears to have a greater impact on suppressing CSCs compared to ADT alone. These findings highlight the potential of targeting CSCs as a prognostic and predictive marker therapeutic strategy in metastatic PCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srividhya Nandagopal
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Gautam Choudhary
- Department of Urology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India
| | | | - Mithu Banerjee
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Poonam Elhence
- Department of Pathology and Lab Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Rahul Jena
- Department of Urology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Maithili Karpaga Selvi
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Kamla Kant Shukla
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India.
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Baberwal P, Sonavane S, Basu S. Concomitant Bilateral Inferior Gluteal Lymph Node Involvement in Metastatic Prostate Adenocarcinoma Detected on 68 Gallium-Prostate-Specific Membrane Antigen Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography. World J Nucl Med 2024; 23:46-48. [PMID: 38595837 PMCID: PMC11001436 DOI: 10.1055/s-0044-1779281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
An unusual and unique case of prostate adenocarcinoma with involvement of bilateral inferior gluteal lymph nodes is reported. The patient was a 42-year-old male, with conventional prostatic adenocarcinoma (Gleason score: 5 + 4 = 9), who, during disease progression with rising serum prostate specific antigen levels following medical androgen deprivation therapy, demonstrated new prostate-specific membrane antigen expressing metastatic intermuscular deposits in the bilateral gluteal region, subsequently proven to be bilateral inferior gluteal nodal metastasis. A therapeutic implication to this may be that these nodes usually fall beyond the range covered by the therapeutic radiation field coverage where external radiotherapy is the advocated modality of choice and are not easily reachable through standard surgical procedures. As a result, they could have an impact on the way patients are clinically treated and on their prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parth Baberwal
- Radiation Medicine Centre, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Tata Memorial Hospital Annexe, Jerbai Wadia Road, Parel, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sunita Sonavane
- Radiation Medicine Centre, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Tata Memorial Hospital Annexe, Jerbai Wadia Road, Parel, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sandip Basu
- Radiation Medicine Centre, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Tata Memorial Hospital Annexe, Jerbai Wadia Road, Parel, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
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Witz A, Dardare J, Betz M, Gilson P, Merlin JL, Harlé A. Tumor-derived cell-free DNA and circulating tumor cells: partners or rivals in metastasis formation? Clin Exp Med 2024; 24:2. [PMID: 38231464 PMCID: PMC10794481 DOI: 10.1007/s10238-023-01278-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
The origin of metastases is a topic that has sparked controversy. Despite recent advancements, metastatic disease continues to pose challenges. The first admitted model of how metastases develop revolves around cells breaking away from the primary tumor, known as circulating tumor cells (CTCs). These cells survive while circulating through the bloodstream and subsequently establish themselves in secondary organs, a process often referred to as the "metastatic cascade". This intricate and dynamic process involves various steps, but all the mechanisms behind metastatic dissemination are not yet comprehensively elucidated. The "seed and soil" theory has shed light on the phenomenon of metastatic organotropism and the existence of pre-metastatic niches. It is now established that these niches can be primed by factors secreted by the primary tumor before the arrival of CTCs. In particular, exosomes have been identified as important contributors to this priming. Another concept then emerged, i.e. the "genometastasis" theory, which challenged all other postulates. It emphasizes the intriguing but promising role of cell-free DNA (cfDNA) in metastasis formation through oncogenic formation of recipient cells. However, it cannot be ruled out that all these theories are intertwined. This review outlines the primary theories regarding the metastases formation that involve CTCs, and depicts cfDNA, a potential second player in the metastasis formation. We discuss the potential interrelationships between CTCs and cfDNA, and propose both in vitro and in vivo experimental strategies to explore all plausible theories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andréa Witz
- Département de Biopathologie, Institut de Cancérologie de Lorraine, CNRS UMR 7039 CRAN-Université de Lorraine, 6 avenue de Bourgogne, 54519, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy Cedex, France.
| | - Julie Dardare
- Département de Biopathologie, Institut de Cancérologie de Lorraine, CNRS UMR 7039 CRAN-Université de Lorraine, 6 avenue de Bourgogne, 54519, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy Cedex, France
| | - Margaux Betz
- Département de Biopathologie, Institut de Cancérologie de Lorraine, CNRS UMR 7039 CRAN-Université de Lorraine, 6 avenue de Bourgogne, 54519, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy Cedex, France
| | - Pauline Gilson
- Département de Biopathologie, Institut de Cancérologie de Lorraine, CNRS UMR 7039 CRAN-Université de Lorraine, 6 avenue de Bourgogne, 54519, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy Cedex, France
| | - Jean-Louis Merlin
- Département de Biopathologie, Institut de Cancérologie de Lorraine, CNRS UMR 7039 CRAN-Université de Lorraine, 6 avenue de Bourgogne, 54519, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy Cedex, France
| | - Alexandre Harlé
- Département de Biopathologie, Institut de Cancérologie de Lorraine, CNRS UMR 7039 CRAN-Université de Lorraine, 6 avenue de Bourgogne, 54519, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy Cedex, France
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Altuna-Coy A, Ruiz-Plazas X, Arreaza-Gil V, Segarra-Tomás J, Chacón MR. In silico analysis of prognostic and diagnostic significance of target genes from prostate cancer cell lines derived exomicroRNAs. Cancer Cell Int 2023; 23:275. [PMID: 37978493 PMCID: PMC10655318 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-023-03123-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer-secreted exovesicles are important for cell-to-cell communication by altering cancer-related signalling pathways. Exovesicles-derived miRNAs (exomiRNAs)-target genes can be useful for diagnostic and prognostic purposes. METHODS ExomiRNA from prostate cancer (PCa) cells (PC-3 and LNCaP) were quantified by qRT-PCR and compared to the healthy cell line RWPE-1 by using miRNome PCR 752 miRNAs Panel. MiRNet database was used to predict exomiRNA-target genes. ExomiRNA-target genes pathway functional enrichment was performed by using Reactome database and Enrichr platform. Protein-protein interaction analysis was carried out by using the STRING database. RNA target-gene sequencing data from The Cancer Genome Atlas Prostate Adenocarcinoma (TCGA-PRAD) database was screened out in 465 PCa patients for candidate gene expression in prostate tumour (PT) tissue and non-pathologic prostate (N-PP) tissue. Signature gene candidates were statistically analysed for diagnosis and prognosis usefulness. RESULTS A total of 36 exomiRNAs were found downregulated when comparing PCa cells vs a healthy cell line; and when comparing PC-3 vs LNCaP, 14 miRNAs were found downregulated and 52 upregulated. Reactome pathway database revealed altered pathways and genes related to miRNA biosynthesis, miRNA-mediated gene silencing (TNRC6B and AGO1), and cell proliferation (CDK6), among others. Results showed that TNRC6B gene expression was up-regulated in PT tissue compared to N-PP (n = 52 paired samples) and could be useful for diagnostic purposes. Likewise, gene expression levels of CDK6, TNRC6B, and AGO1 were down-regulated in high-risk PT (n = 293) compared to low-risk PCa tissue counterparts (n = 172). When gene expression levels of CDK6, TNRC6B, and AGO1 were tested as a prognostic panel, the results showed that these improve the prognostic power of classical biomarkers. CONCLUSION ExomiRNAs-targets genes, TNRC6B, CDK6, and AGO1, showed a deregulated expression profile in PCa tissue and could be useful for PCa diagnosis and prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Altuna-Coy
- Disease Biomarkers and Molecular Mechanisms Group, IISPV, Joan XXIII University Hospital, Universitat Rovira I Virgili, C/Dr. Mallafré Guasch, 4,, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Xavier Ruiz-Plazas
- Disease Biomarkers and Molecular Mechanisms Group, IISPV, Joan XXIII University Hospital, Universitat Rovira I Virgili, C/Dr. Mallafré Guasch, 4,, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
- Urology Unit, Joan XXIII University Hospital, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Verónica Arreaza-Gil
- Disease Biomarkers and Molecular Mechanisms Group, IISPV, Joan XXIII University Hospital, Universitat Rovira I Virgili, C/Dr. Mallafré Guasch, 4,, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
| | - José Segarra-Tomás
- Disease Biomarkers and Molecular Mechanisms Group, IISPV, Joan XXIII University Hospital, Universitat Rovira I Virgili, C/Dr. Mallafré Guasch, 4,, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
- Urology Unit, Joan XXIII University Hospital, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Matilde R Chacón
- Disease Biomarkers and Molecular Mechanisms Group, IISPV, Joan XXIII University Hospital, Universitat Rovira I Virgili, C/Dr. Mallafré Guasch, 4,, 43007, Tarragona, Spain.
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Kouba S, Buscaglia P, Guéguinou M, Ibrahim S, Félix R, Guibon R, Fromont G, Pigat N, Capiod T, Vandier C, Mignen O, Potier-Cartereau M. Pivotal role of the ORAI3-STIM2 complex in the control of mitotic death and prostate cancer cell cycle progression. Cell Calcium 2023; 115:102794. [PMID: 37597301 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2023.102794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/21/2023]
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) represents one of the most frequent diagnosed cancer in males worldwide. Due to routine screening tests and the efficiency of available treatments, PCa-related deaths have significantly decreased over the past decades. However, PCa remains a critical threat if detected at a late stage in which, cancer cells would have already detached from the primary tumor to spread and invade other parts of the body. Calcium (Ca2+) channels and their protein regulators are now considered as hallmarks of cancer and some of them have been well examined in PCa. Among these Ca2+ channels, isoform 3 of the ORAI channel family has been shown to regulate the proliferation of PCa cells via the Arachidonic Acid-mediated Ca2+ entry, requiring the involvement of STIM1 (Stromal Interaction Molecule 1). Still, no study has yet demonstrated a role of the "neglected" STIM2 isoform in PCa or if it may interact with ORAI3 to promote an oncogenic behavior. In this study, we demonstrate that ORAI3 and STIM2 are upregulated in human PCa tissues. In old KIMAP (Knock-In Mouse Prostate Adenocarcinoma) mice, ORAI3 and STIM2 mRNA levels were significantly higher than ORAI1 and STIM1. In vitro, we show that ORAI3-STIM2 interact under basal conditions in PC-3 cells. ORAI3 silencing increased Store Operated Ca2+ Entry (SOCE) and induced a significant increase of the cell population in G2/M phase of the cell cycle, consistent with the role of ORAI3 as a negative regulator of SOCE. Higher expression levels of CDK1-Y15/Cyclin B1 were detected and mitotic arrest-related death occurred after ORAI3 silencing, which resulted in activating Bax/Bcl-2-mediated apoptotic pathway and caspase-8 activation and cleavage. STIM2 and ORAI3 expression increased in M phase while STIM1 expression and SOCE amplitude significantly decreased. Taken together, ORAI3 -STIM2 complex allows a successful progression through mitosis of PCa cells by evading mitotic catastrophe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sana Kouba
- INSERM U1069, N2C: Nutrition, Croissance et Cancer, University of Tours, Tours, France
| | - Paul Buscaglia
- INSERM U1227, LBAI: Lymphocytes B, Autoimmunité et Immunotherapies, University of Bretagne Occidentale, Brest, France
| | - Maxime Guéguinou
- INSERM U1069, N2C: Nutrition, Croissance et Cancer, University of Tours, Tours, France
| | - Sajida Ibrahim
- EA 7501, University of Tours - ERL 7001 LNOx - CNRS, GICC: Groupe Innovation et Ciblage Cellulaire, Tours, France
| | - Romain Félix
- INSERM U1227, LBAI: Lymphocytes B, Autoimmunité et Immunotherapies, University of Bretagne Occidentale, Brest, France
| | - Roseline Guibon
- INSERM U1069, N2C: Nutrition, Croissance et Cancer, University of Tours, Tours, France; Service d'Anatomie et cytologie pathologiques, Bretonneau, Centre Hospitalier Régional et Universitaire, Tours, France
| | - Gaëlle Fromont
- INSERM U1069, N2C: Nutrition, Croissance et Cancer, University of Tours, Tours, France; Service d'Anatomie et cytologie pathologiques, Bretonneau, Centre Hospitalier Régional et Universitaire, Tours, France
| | - Natascha Pigat
- INSERM U1151, Institut Necker Enfants Malades, Universiy of Paris, 160 rue de Vaugirard, Paris 75015 France
| | - Thierry Capiod
- INSERM U1151, Institut Necker Enfants Malades, Universiy of Paris, 160 rue de Vaugirard, Paris 75015 France
| | - Christophe Vandier
- INSERM U1069, N2C: Nutrition, Croissance et Cancer, University of Tours, Tours, France
| | - Olivier Mignen
- INSERM U1227, LBAI: Lymphocytes B, Autoimmunité et Immunotherapies, University of Bretagne Occidentale, Brest, France.
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Rehman K, Iqbal Z, Zhiqin D, Ayub H, Saba N, Khan MA, Yujie L, Duan L. Analysis of genetic biomarkers, polymorphisms in ADME-related genes and their impact on pharmacotherapy for prostate cancer. Cancer Cell Int 2023; 23:247. [PMID: 37858151 PMCID: PMC10585889 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-023-03084-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is a non-cutaneous malignancy in males with wide variation in incidence rates across the globe. It is the second most reported cause of cancer death. Its etiology may have been linked to genetic polymorphisms, which are not only dominating cause of malignancy casualties but also exerts significant effects on pharmacotherapy outcomes. Although many therapeutic options are available, but suitable candidates identified by useful biomarkers can exhibit maximum therapeutic efficacy. The single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) reported in androgen receptor signaling genes influence the effectiveness of androgen receptor pathway inhibitors and androgen deprivation therapy. Furthermore, SNPs located in genes involved in transport, drug metabolism, and efflux pumps also influence the efficacy of pharmacotherapy. Hence, SNPs biomarkers provide the basis for individualized pharmacotherapy. The pharmacotherapeutic options for PCa include hormonal therapy, chemotherapy (Docetaxel, Mitoxantrone, Cabazitaxel, and Estramustine, etc.), and radiotherapy. Here, we overview the impact of SNPs reported in various genes on the pharmacotherapy for PCa and evaluate current genetic biomarkers with an emphasis on early diagnosis and individualized treatment strategy in PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khurram Rehman
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Gomal University, D.I.Khan, Pakistan
| | - Zoya Iqbal
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Second People's Hospital, ShenzhenShenzhen, 518035, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Research Center for Artificial Intelligence and Digital Orthopedic Technology, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen, 518035, Guangdong, China
| | - Deng Zhiqin
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Second People's Hospital, ShenzhenShenzhen, 518035, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Research Center for Artificial Intelligence and Digital Orthopedic Technology, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen, 518035, Guangdong, China
| | - Hina Ayub
- Department of Gynae, Gomal Medical College, D.I.Khan, Pakistan
| | - Naseem Saba
- Department of Gynae, Gomal Medical College, D.I.Khan, Pakistan
| | | | - Liang Yujie
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Shenzhen Kangning Hospital, Shenzhen Mental Health Center, Shenzhen, 518035, Guangdong, China.
| | - Li Duan
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Second People's Hospital, ShenzhenShenzhen, 518035, Guangdong, China.
- Guangdong Provincial Research Center for Artificial Intelligence and Digital Orthopedic Technology, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen, 518035, Guangdong, China.
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11
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Straub M, Kupferschläger J, Serna Higuita LM, Weissinger M, Dittmann H, la Fougère C, Fiz F. Dual-Time-Point Posttherapy 177Lu-PSMA-617 SPECT/CT Describes the Uptake Kinetics of mCRPC Lesions and Prognosticates Patients' Outcome. J Nucl Med 2023; 64:1431-1438. [PMID: 37414446 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.122.264770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023] Open
Abstract
177Lu-PSMA-617 is an effective therapeutic option in metastasized castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). However, some patients progress under treatment. We hypothesized that the tracer kinetics within the metastases may influence the therapy effectiveness and tested this hypothesis by analyzing uptake parameters on 2 consecutive posttherapy SPECT/CT scans. Methods: mCRPC patients treated with 177Lu-PSMA-617 and with available posttherapy SPECT/CT imaging (24 and 48 h after the first treatment) were enrolled retrospectively. Volumes of interest were defined on lymph node metastasis (LNM) and bone metastasis (BM) on both SPECT/CT scans. The reduction of the percentage injected dose (%IDred) between the 2 SPECT/CT scans was computed. We compared %IDred of responders (prostate-specific antigen drop ≥ 50% after 2 cycles of 177Lu-PSMA-617) and nonresponders. We tested the association of %IDred with progression-free survival and overall survival (OS) using a univariate Kaplan-Meier (KM) analysis and a multivariate Cox regression model. Results: Fifty-five patients (median age, 73 y; range, 54-87 y) were included. %IDred in LNM and BM was greater in nonresponders than in responders (for LNM, 36% in nonresponders [interquartile range (IQR), 26%-47%] vs. 24% in responders [IQR, 12%-33%] [P = 0.003]; for BM, 35% in nonresponders [IQR, 27%-52%] vs. 18% in responders [IQR, 15%-29%] [P = 0.002]). For progression-free survival, in KM analysis, greater %IDred in LNM (P = 0.008) and BM (P = 0.001) was associated with shorter survival, whereas in multivariate analysis, only %IDred in LNM was retained (P = 0.03). In univariate KM analysis of OS, greater %IDred in BM was associated with shorter survival (P = 0.002). In multivariate OS analysis, BM %IDred (P = 0.009) was retained. Conclusion: The 177Lu-PSMA-617 clearance rate from mCRPC metastases appears to be a relevant prognosticator of response and survival, with faster clearing possibly signaling a shorter radiopharmaceutical residence time and absorbed dose. Dual-time-point analysis appears to be a feasible and readily available approach to estimate the likelihood of response and patients' survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Straub
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Clinical Molecular Imaging, University Hospital, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Jürgen Kupferschläger
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Clinical Molecular Imaging, University Hospital, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Lina Maria Serna Higuita
- Institute of Clinical Epidemiology and Applied Biometry, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Matthias Weissinger
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Clinical Molecular Imaging, University Hospital, Tübingen, Germany
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Helmut Dittmann
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Clinical Molecular Imaging, University Hospital, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Christian la Fougère
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Clinical Molecular Imaging, University Hospital, Tübingen, Germany;
- Cluster of Excellence 2180 "Image-Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies," Eberhard Karls University, Tübingen, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium, German Cancer Research Center Partner Site Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; and
| | - Francesco Fiz
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Clinical Molecular Imaging, University Hospital, Tübingen, Germany
- Nuclear Medicine Unit, Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Ente Ospedaliero "Ospedali Galliera," Genoa, Italy
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12
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Abdelrazek AS, Ghoniem K, Ahmed ME, Joshi V, Mahmoud AM, Saeed N, Khater N, Elsharkawy MS, Gamal A, Kwon E, Kendi AT. Prostate Cancer: Advances in Genetic Testing and Clinical Implications. URO 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/uro3020012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
The demand for genetic testing (GT) for prostate cancer (PCa) is expanding, but there is limited knowledge about the genetic counseling (GC) needs of men. A strong-to-moderate inherited genetic predisposition causes approximately 5–20% of prostate cancer (PCa). In men with prostate cancer, germline testing may benefit the patient by informing treatment options, and if a mutation is noticed, it may also guide screening for other cancers and have family implications for cascade genetic testing (testing of close relatives for the same germline mutation). Relatives with the same germline mutations may be eligible for early cancer detection strategies and preventive measures. Cascade family testing can be favorable for family members, but it is currently unutilized, and strategies to overcome obstacles like knowledge deficiency, family communication, lack of access to genetic services, and testing expenses are needed. In this review, we will look at the genetic factors that have been linked to prostate cancer, as well as the role of genetic counseling and testing in the early detection of advanced prostate cancer.
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13
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Gupta N, Ochiai H, Hoshino Y, Klein S, Zustin J, Ramjiawan RR, Kitahara S, Maimon N, Bazou D, Chiang S, Li S, Schanne DH, Jain RK, Munn LL, Huang P, Kozin SV, Duda DG. Inhibition of CXCR4 Enhances the Efficacy of Radiotherapy in Metastatic Prostate Cancer Models. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:1021. [PMID: 36831366 PMCID: PMC9954510 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15041021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Radiotherapy (RT) is a standard treatment for patients with advanced prostate cancer (PCa). Previous preclinical studies showed that SDF1α/CXCR4 axis could mediate PCa metastasis (most often to the bones) and cancer resistance to RT. We found high levels of expression for both SDF1α and its receptor CXCR4 in primary and metastatic PCa tissue samples. In vitro analyses using PCa cells revealed an important role of CXCR4 in cell invasion but not radiotolerance. Pharmacologic inhibition of CXCR4 using AMD3100 showed no efficacy in orthotopic primary and bone metastatic PCa models. However, when combined with RT, AMD3100 potentiated the effect of local single-dose RT (12 Gy) in both models. Moreover, CXCR4 inhibition also reduced lymph node metastasis from primary PCa. Notably, CXCR4 inhibition promoted the normalization of bone metastatic PCa vasculature and reduced tissue hypoxia. In conclusion, the SDF1α/CXCR4 axis is a potential therapeutic target in metastatic PCa patients treated with RT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nisha Gupta
- Steele Laboratories for Tumor Biology, Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Hiroki Ochiai
- Steele Laboratories for Tumor Biology, Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Yoshinori Hoshino
- Steele Laboratories for Tumor Biology, Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Sebastian Klein
- Steele Laboratories for Tumor Biology, Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Jozef Zustin
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Rakesh R. Ramjiawan
- Steele Laboratories for Tumor Biology, Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Shuji Kitahara
- Steele Laboratories for Tumor Biology, Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Nir Maimon
- Steele Laboratories for Tumor Biology, Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Despina Bazou
- Steele Laboratories for Tumor Biology, Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Sarah Chiang
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Sen Li
- Steele Laboratories for Tumor Biology, Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Daniel H. Schanne
- Steele Laboratories for Tumor Biology, Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Rakesh. K. Jain
- Steele Laboratories for Tumor Biology, Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Lance L. Munn
- Steele Laboratories for Tumor Biology, Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Peigen Huang
- Steele Laboratories for Tumor Biology, Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Sergey V. Kozin
- Steele Laboratories for Tumor Biology, Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Dan G. Duda
- Steele Laboratories for Tumor Biology, Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
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14
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Klusa D, Lohaus F, Franken A, Baumbach M, Cojoc M, Dowling P, Linge A, Offermann A, Löck S, Hušman D, Rivandi M, Polzer B, Freytag V, Lange T, Neubauer H, Kücken M, Perner S, Hölscher T, Dubrovska A, Krause M, Kurth I, Baumann M, Peitzsch C. Dynamics of CXCR4 positive circulating tumor cells in prostate cancer patients during radiotherapy. Int J Cancer 2023; 152:2639-2654. [PMID: 36733230 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.34457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Ablative radiotherapy is a highly efficient treatment modality for patients with metastatic prostate cancer (PCa). However, a subset of patients does not respond. Currently, this subgroup with bad prognosis cannot be identified before disease progression. We hypothesize that markers indicative of radioresistance, stemness and/or bone tropism may have a prognostic potential to identify patients profiting from metastases-directed radiotherapy. Therefore, circulating tumor cells (CTCs) were analyzed in patients with metastatic PCa (n = 24) during radiotherapy with CellSearch, multicolor flow cytometry and imaging cytometry. Analysis of copy-number alteration indicates a polyclonal CTC population that changes after radiotherapy. CTCs were found in 8 out of 24 patients (33.3%) and were associated with a shorter time to biochemical progression after radiotherapy. Whereas the total CTC count dropped after radiotherapy, a chemokine receptor CXCR4-expressing subpopulation representing 28.6% of the total CTC population remained stable up to 3 months. At once, we observed higher chemokine CCL2 plasma concentrations and proinflammatory monocytes. Additional functional analyses demonstrated key roles of CXCR4 and CCL2 for cellular radiosensitivity, tumorigenicity and stem-like potential in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, a high CXCR4 and CCL2 expression was found in bone metastasis biopsies of PCa patients. In summary, panCK+ CXCR4+ CTCs may have a prognostic potential in patients with metastatic PCa treated with metastasis-directed radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daria Klusa
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Partner Site Dresden, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, and Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Dresden, Germany.,OncoRay - National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden and Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Dresden, Germany
| | - Fabian Lohaus
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Partner Site Dresden, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, and Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Dresden, Germany.,OncoRay - National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden and Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Dresden, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Dresden, and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Andre Franken
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital of the Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Marian Baumbach
- OncoRay - National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden and Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Dresden, Germany
| | - Monica Cojoc
- OncoRay - National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden and Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Dresden, Germany
| | - Paul Dowling
- Department of Biology, Maynooth University, Maynooth, Ireland
| | - Annett Linge
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Partner Site Dresden, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, and Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Dresden, Germany.,OncoRay - National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden and Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Dresden, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Dresden, and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Anne Offermann
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Schleswig Holstein, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Steffen Löck
- OncoRay - National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden and Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Dresden, Germany.,Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | | | - Mahdi Rivandi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital of the Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Bernhard Polzer
- Division of Personalized Tumor Therapy, Fraunhofer-Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Vera Freytag
- Institute of Anatomy and Experimental Morphology, University Cancer Center Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Tobias Lange
- Institute of Anatomy and Experimental Morphology, University Cancer Center Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Hans Neubauer
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital of the Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Michael Kücken
- Department for Innovative Methods of Computing, Center for Principal component Information Services and High-Performance Computing (ZIH), Technische Universität, Dresden, Germany
| | - Sven Perner
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Schleswig Holstein, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Tobias Hölscher
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Partner Site Dresden, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, and Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Dresden, Germany.,OncoRay - National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden and Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Dresden, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Dresden, and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Anna Dubrovska
- OncoRay - National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden and Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Dresden, Germany.,Institute of Radiooncology - OncoRay, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Dresden, Germany
| | - Mechthild Krause
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Partner Site Dresden, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, and Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Dresden, Germany.,OncoRay - National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden and Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Dresden, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Dresden, and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,Institute of Radiooncology - OncoRay, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Dresden, Germany
| | - Ina Kurth
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Michael Baumann
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Claudia Peitzsch
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Partner Site Dresden, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, and Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Dresden, Germany.,OncoRay - National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden and Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Dresden, Germany.,Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden (CRTD), Dresden, Germany
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15
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Mališić E, Petrović N, Brengues M, Azria D, Matić IZ, Srbljak Ćuk I, Kopčalić K, Stanojković T, Nikitović M. Association of polymorphisms in TGFB1, XRCC1, XRCC3 genes and CD8 T-lymphocyte apoptosis with adverse effect of radiotherapy for prostate cancer. Sci Rep 2022; 12:21306. [PMID: 36494413 PMCID: PMC9734114 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-25328-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The genetic background of each person might affect the severity of radiotherapy (RT)-induced normal tissue toxicity. The aim of study was to evaluate the influence of TGFB1 C-509T and Leu10Pro, XRCC1 Arg280His and XRCC3 Thr241Met polymorphisms as well as the level of radiation-induced CD8 T-lymphocyte apoptosis (RILA) on adverse effects of RT for prostate cancer (PCa). The study included 88 patients with localized or locally advanced PCa who were treated with RT. The polymorphisms were determined by PCR-RFLP analysis on DNA from peripheral blood mononuclear cells. RILA values were measured by flow cytometry. We found that CT genotype of TGFB1 C-509T could be protective biomarker for acute genitourinary (GU) and gastrointestinal (GI) radiotoxicity, while Thr variant of XRCC3 Thr241Met could predict the risk for acute GU radiotoxicity. Correlation between RILA values and toxicity was not detected. Univariate logistic regression analysis showed that Gleason score and risk group were risk factors for late GU, while for late GI radiotoxicity it was diabetes mellitus type 2. However, in multivariate model those were not proven to be significant and independent risk factors. Identification of assays combination predicting individual radiosensitivity is a crucial step towards personalized RT approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emina Mališić
- grid.418584.40000 0004 0367 1010Department of Experimental Oncology, Institute for Oncology and Radiology of Serbia, Pasterova 14, 11 000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Nina Petrović
- grid.418584.40000 0004 0367 1010Department of Experimental Oncology, Institute for Oncology and Radiology of Serbia, Pasterova 14, 11 000 Belgrade, Serbia ,grid.7149.b0000 0001 2166 9385“VINČA“ Institute of Nuclear Sciences-National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Muriel Brengues
- grid.121334.60000 0001 2097 0141IRCM, INSERM, University Montpellier, ICM, Montpellier, France
| | - David Azria
- grid.121334.60000 0001 2097 0141IRCM, INSERM, University Montpellier, ICM, Montpellier, France
| | - Ivana Z. Matić
- grid.418584.40000 0004 0367 1010Department of Experimental Oncology, Institute for Oncology and Radiology of Serbia, Pasterova 14, 11 000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ivana Srbljak Ćuk
- grid.418584.40000 0004 0367 1010Department of Experimental Oncology, Institute for Oncology and Radiology of Serbia, Pasterova 14, 11 000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Katarina Kopčalić
- grid.418584.40000 0004 0367 1010Department of Radiation Oncology, Institute for Oncology and Radiology of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Tatjana Stanojković
- grid.418584.40000 0004 0367 1010Department of Experimental Oncology, Institute for Oncology and Radiology of Serbia, Pasterova 14, 11 000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Marina Nikitović
- grid.418584.40000 0004 0367 1010Department of Radiation Oncology, Institute for Oncology and Radiology of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia ,grid.7149.b0000 0001 2166 9385Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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16
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Radioresistance Mechanisms in Prostate Cancer Cell Lines Surviving Ultra-Hypo-Fractionated EBRT: Implications and Possible Clinical Applications. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14225504. [PMID: 36428597 PMCID: PMC9688510 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14225504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of a higher dose per fraction to overcome the high radioresistance of prostate cancer cells has been unsuccessfully proposed. Herein, we present PC3 and DU-145, castration-resistant prostate cancer cell lines that survived a clinically used ultra-higher dose per fraction, namely, radioresistant PC3 and DU-145 cells (PC3RR and DU-145RR). Compared to PC3, PC3RR showed a higher level of aggressive behaviour, with enhanced clonogenic potential, DNA damage repair, migration ability and cancer stem cell features. Furthermore, compared to PC3, PC3RR more efficiently survived further radiation by increasing proliferation and down-regulating pro-apoptotic proteins. No significant changes of the above parameters were described in DU-145RR, suggesting that different prostate cancer cell lines that survive ultra-higher dose per fraction do not display the same grade of aggressive phenotype. Furthermore, both PC3RR and DU-145RR increased antioxidant enzymes and mesenchymal markers. Our data suggest that different molecular mechanisms could be potential targets for future treatments plans based on sequential strategies and synergistic effects of different modalities, possibly in a patient-tailored fashion. Moreover, PC3RR cells displayed an increase in specific markers involved in bone remodeling, indicating that radiotherapy selects a PC3 population capable of migrating to secondary metastatic sites. Finally, PC3RR cells showed a better sensitivity to Docetaxel as compared to native PC3 cells. This suggests that a subset of patients with castration-resistant metastatic disease could benefit from upfront Docetaxel treatment after the failure of radiotherapy.
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17
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Litak J, Czyżewski W, Szymoniuk M, Sakwa L, Pasierb B, Litak J, Hoffman Z, Kamieniak P, Roliński J. Biological and Clinical Aspects of Metastatic Spinal Tumors. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14194599. [PMID: 36230523 PMCID: PMC9559304 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14194599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Spine metastases are a common life-threatening complication of advanced-stage malignancies and often result in poor prognosis. Symptomatic spine metastases develop in the course of about 10% of malignant neoplasms. Therefore, it is essential for contemporary medicine to understand metastatic processes in order to find appropriate, targeted therapeutic options. Our literature review aimed to describe the up-to-date knowledge about the molecular pathways and biomarkers engaged in the spine’s metastatic processes. Moreover, we described current data regarding bone-targeted treatment, the emerging targeted therapies, radiotherapy, and immunotherapy used for the treatment of spine metastases. We hope that knowledge comprehensively presented in our review will contribute to the development of novel drugs targeting specific biomarkers and pathways. The more we learn about the molecular aspects of cancer metastasis, the easier it will be to look for treatment methods that will allow us to precisely kill tumor cells. Abstract Spine metastases are a common life-threatening complication of advanced-stage malignancies and often result in poor prognosis. Symptomatic spine metastases develop in the course of about 10% of malignant neoplasms. Therefore, it is essential for contemporary medicine to understand metastatic processes in order to find appropriate, targeted therapeutic options. Thanks to continuous research, there appears more and more detailed knowledge about cancer and metastasis, but these transformations are extremely complicated, e.g., due to the complexity of reactions, the variety of places where they occur, or the participation of both tumor cells and host cells in these transitions. The right target points in tumor metastasis mechanisms are still being researched; that will help us in the proper diagnosis as well as in finding the right treatment. In this literature review, we described the current knowledge about the molecular pathways and biomarkers engaged in metastatic processes involving the spine. We also presented a current bone-targeted treatment for spine metastases and the emerging therapies targeting the discussed molecular mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Litak
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 4A, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
- Department of Neurosurgery and Pediatric Neurosurgery, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 8, 20-090 Lublin, Poland
| | - Wojciech Czyżewski
- Department of Neurosurgery and Pediatric Neurosurgery, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 8, 20-090 Lublin, Poland
- Department of Didactics and Medical Simulation, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 4, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Michał Szymoniuk
- Student Scientific Association at the Department of Neurosurgery and Pediatric Neurosurgery, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 8, 20-090 Lublin, Poland
| | - Leon Sakwa
- Student Scientific Society, Kazimierz Pulaski University of Technologies and Humanities in Radom, Chrobrego 27, 26-600 Radom, Poland
| | - Barbara Pasierb
- Department of Dermatology, Radom Specialist Hospital, Lekarska 4, 26-600 Radom, Poland
- Correspondence:
| | - Joanna Litak
- St. John’s Cancer Center in Lublin, Jaczewskiego 7, 20-090 Lublin, Poland
| | - Zofia Hoffman
- Student Scientific Society, Medical University of Lublin, Al. Racławickie 1, 20-059 Lublin, Poland
| | - Piotr Kamieniak
- Department of Neurosurgery and Pediatric Neurosurgery, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 8, 20-090 Lublin, Poland
| | - Jacek Roliński
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 4A, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
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18
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Cordova RA, Misra J, Amin PH, Klunk AJ, Damayanti NP, Carlson KR, Elmendorf AJ, Kim HG, Mirek ET, Elzey BD, Miller MJ, Dong XC, Cheng L, Anthony TG, Pili R, Wek RC, Staschke KA. GCN2 eIF2 kinase promotes prostate cancer by maintaining amino acid homeostasis. eLife 2022; 11:e81083. [PMID: 36107759 PMCID: PMC9578714 DOI: 10.7554/elife.81083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
A stress adaptation pathway termed the integrated stress response has been suggested to be active in many cancers including prostate cancer (PCa). Here, we demonstrate that the eIF2 kinase GCN2 is required for sustained growth in androgen-sensitive and castration-resistant models of PCa both in vitro and in vivo, and is active in PCa patient samples. Using RNA-seq transcriptome analysis and a CRISPR-based phenotypic screen, GCN2 was shown to regulate expression of over 60 solute-carrier (SLC) genes, including those involved in amino acid transport and loss of GCN2 function reduces amino acid import and levels. Addition of essential amino acids or expression of 4F2 (SLC3A2) partially restored growth following loss of GCN2, suggesting that GCN2 targeting of SLC transporters is required for amino acid homeostasis needed to sustain tumor growth. A small molecule inhibitor of GCN2 showed robust in vivo efficacy in androgen-sensitive and castration-resistant mouse models of PCa, supporting its therapeutic potential for the treatment of PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo A Cordova
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisUnited States
- Indiana University Melvin and Bren Simon Comprehensive Cancer CenterIndianapolisUnited States
| | - Jagannath Misra
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisUnited States
| | - Parth H Amin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisUnited States
| | - Anglea J Klunk
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisUnited States
| | - Nur P Damayanti
- Indiana University Melvin and Bren Simon Comprehensive Cancer CenterIndianapolisUnited States
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Indiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisUnited States
| | - Kenneth R Carlson
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisUnited States
| | - Andrew J Elmendorf
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisUnited States
| | - Hyeong-Geug Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisUnited States
| | - Emily T Mirek
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Rutgers UniversityNew BrunswickUnited States
| | - Bennet D Elzey
- Department of Comparative Pathology, Purdue UniversityWest LafayetteUnited States
- Department of Urology, Indiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisUnited States
| | - Marcus J Miller
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisUnited States
| | - X Charlie Dong
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisUnited States
| | - Liang Cheng
- Indiana University Melvin and Bren Simon Comprehensive Cancer CenterIndianapolisUnited States
- Department of Urology, Indiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisUnited States
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisUnited States
| | - Tracy G Anthony
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Rutgers UniversityNew BrunswickUnited States
| | - Roberto Pili
- Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at BuffaloBuffaloUnited States
| | - Ronald C Wek
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisUnited States
- Indiana University Melvin and Bren Simon Comprehensive Cancer CenterIndianapolisUnited States
| | - Kirk A Staschke
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisUnited States
- Indiana University Melvin and Bren Simon Comprehensive Cancer CenterIndianapolisUnited States
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19
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Thomas R, Jerome JM, Dang TD, Souto EP, Mallam JN, Rowley DR. Androgen receptor variant-7 regulation by tenascin-c induced src activation. Cell Commun Signal 2022; 20:119. [PMID: 35948987 PMCID: PMC9364530 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-022-00925-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bone metastatic prostate cancer does not completely respond to androgen-targeted therapy and generally evolves into lethal castration resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). Expression of AR-V7- a constitutively active, ligand independent splice variant of AR is one of the critical resistant mechanisms regulating metastatic CRPC. TNC is an extracellular matrix glycoprotein, crucial for prostate cancer progression, and associated with prostate cancer bone metastases. In this study, we investigated the mechanisms that regulate AR-V7 expression in prostate cancer cells interacting with osteogenic microenvironment including TNC. METHODS Prostate cancer/preosteoblast heterotypical organoids were evaluated via immunofluorescence imaging and gene expression analysis using RT-qPCR to assess cellular compartmentalization, TNC localization, and to investigate regulation of AR-V7 in prostate cancer cells by preosteoblasts and hormone or antiandrogen action. Prostate cancer cells cultured on TNC were assessed using RT-qPCR, Western blotting, cycloheximide chase assay, and immunofluorescence imaging to evaluate (1) regulation of AR-V7, and (2) signaling pathways activated by TNC. Identified signaling pathway induced by TNC was targeted using siRNA and a small molecular inhibitor to investigate the role of TNC-induced signaling activation in regulation of AR-V7. Both AR-V7- and TNC-induced signaling effectors were targeted using siRNA, and TNC expression assessed to evaluate potential feedback regulation. RESULTS Utilizing heterotypical organoids, we show that TNC is an integral component of prostate cancer interaction with preosteoblasts. Interaction with preosteoblasts upregulated both TNC and AR-V7 expression in prostate cancer cells which was suppressed by testosterone but elevated by antiandrogen enzalutamide. Interestingly, the results demonstrate that TNC-induced Src activation regulated AR-V7 expression, post-translational stability, and nuclear localization in prostate cancer cells. Treatment with TNC neutralizing antibody, Src knockdown, and inhibition of Src kinase activity repressed AR-V7 transcript and protein. Reciprocally, both activated Src and AR-V7 were observed to upregulate autocrine TNC gene expression in prostate cancer cells. CONCLUSION Overall, the findings reveal that prostate cancer cell interactions with the cellular and ECM components in the osteogenic microenvironment plays critical role in regulating AR-V7 associated with metastatic CRPC. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rintu Thomas
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX USA
| | - John Michael Jerome
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX USA
| | - Truong D. Dang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX USA
| | - Eric P. Souto
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX USA
| | - Joshua N. Mallam
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX USA
| | - David R. Rowley
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX USA
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20
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Huang T, Su H, Zhang S, Huang Y. Reminiscence therapy-based care program serves as an optional nursing modality in alleviating anxiety and depression, improving quality of life in surgical prostate cancer patients. Int Urol Nephrol 2022; 54:2467-2476. [PMID: 35841489 PMCID: PMC9463279 DOI: 10.1007/s11255-022-03282-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Reminiscence therapy is reported to attenuate the psychological disorders in cancer patients, such as colorectal and lung cancer patients. However, relevant report on surgical prostate cancer patients is scarce. This study put forward a reminiscence therapy-based care program (RTCP + UC) combing reminiscence therapy with usual care (UC), and aimed to evaluate the impact of RTCP + UC on anxiety, depression, quality of life and survival in surgical prostate cancer patients. METHODS Totally, 108 prostate cancer patients receiving surgical resection were enrolled, who were subsequently randomized and allocated to the RTCP + UC group (N = 55) and UC group (N = 53) at a 1:1 ratio. Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and QLQ-C30 were assessed at month M0, M3, M6, M9 and M12 during the intervention period. After intervention, patients were followed up for another 24 months to calculate disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS). RESULTS RTCP + UC decreased HADS-anxiety score at M9 and M12, declined HADS-depression score at M6, M9 and M12, reduced depression rate and the severity level of depression at M12, while did not affect these issues at other time points. Meanwhile, RTCP + UC enhanced the QLQ-C30 global health status score at M3, M6, M9 and M12, but did not influence the QLQ-C30 function score and QLQ-C30 symptom score at any time points. Meanwhile, RTCP + UC had no effect on the accumulating DFS and OS of surgical prostate cancer patients. CONCLUSION RTCP + UC serves as an optional nursing modality in alleviating anxiety and depression, improving quality of life in surgical prostate cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Huang
- Operating Room, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Central Area, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Hongmei Su
- Operating Room, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Central Area, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Shi Zhang
- Operating Room, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Guanggu Area, No. 99, Zhangzhidong Road, Wuhan, 430060, China.
| | - Yawen Huang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Wuhan No. 1 Hospital, No. 215, Zhongshan Avenue,, Wuhan, 430022, China.
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21
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Wolf I, Gratzke C, Wolf P. Prostate Cancer Stem Cells: Clinical Aspects and Targeted Therapies. Front Oncol 2022; 12:935715. [PMID: 35875084 PMCID: PMC9304860 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.935715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite decades of research and successful improvements in diagnosis and therapy, prostate cancer (PC) remains a major challenge. In recent years, it has become clear that PC stem cells (PCSCs) are the driving force in tumorigenesis, relapse, metastasis, and therapeutic resistance of PC. In this minireview, we discuss the impact of PCSCs in the clinical practice. Moreover, new therapeutic approaches to combat PCSCs are presented with the aim to achieve an improved outcome for patients with PC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isis Wolf
- Department of Urology, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Christian Gratzke
- Department of Urology, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Philipp Wolf
- Department of Urology, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- *Correspondence: Philipp Wolf,
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22
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Donmez C, Konac E. Silencing effects of FOXD1 inhibit metastatic potentials of the PCa via N-cadherin - Wnt/β-catenin crosstalk. Gene 2022; 836:146680. [PMID: 35738443 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2022.146680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The elucidation of the mechanisms controlling the metastatic processes is important for the development of new treatment methods to prevent the progression of localized disease to metastasis. Forkhead box D1 (FOXD1) is a member of the FOX transcription factor family and has been reported to play an important role in the development and progression of various cancers. However, its role in prostate cancer (PCa) remains only partially understood. Therefore, we aimed to explore the effects on the associated regulatory signal pathway of FOXD1 in prostate cancer. To clarify the roles of FOXD1 in prostate cancer, we used siRNA to suppress its expression in 22Rv1 cells with relatively higher expression of FOXD1. The effects of FOXD1 silencing on cell proliferation, migration and invasion were determined. WST-1 assays were used to determine cell proliferation. Cell migration and invasion were evaluated through wound healing and transwell assays. The possible underlying mechanism of FOXD1 silencing on 22Rv1 was evaluated by determining the expression of proteins related to EMT and Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Our results showed that FOXD1 was highly expressed in prostate cancer cell lines -PC-3, DU145, LNCaP and 22Rv1- compared to normal prostate epithelial cell line RWPE-1. Additionally, silencing of FOXD1 significantly reduced proliferation, migration and invasion of 22Rv1 cells. Furthermore, silencing of FOXD1 decreased the expression of β-catenin and cyclin D1, which are involved in the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. However, it did not appear to affect the expression of EMT-related proteins other than N-cadherin. Our results suggest that silencing of FOXD1 suppresses metastatic potentials of the PCa via N-cadherin - Wnt/β-catenin crosstalk. Therefore, the expression status of FOXD1 may be a new prognostic factor as well as a potential therapeutic target in prostate cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cigdem Donmez
- Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University, Besevler, 06500 Ankara, Turkey; Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Zonguldak Bulent Ecevit University, Esenkoy, Kozlu, 67600 Zonguldak, Turkey
| | - Ece Konac
- Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University, Besevler, 06500 Ankara, Turkey.
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23
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Fei H, Chen X. Development of a novel five-gene immune-related risk model for the prognosis evaluation of prostate adenocarcinoma patients. Am J Cancer Res 2022; 12:2337-2349. [PMID: 35693084 PMCID: PMC9185615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The interaction between the immune cells and the host immune system with the tumor cells is significantly associated with the initiation and progression of prostate adenocarcinoma (PRAD), whereas the application of immune-related genes (IRGs) for the prognosis evaluation of PRAD patients is still lacking. In this study, we aimed to identify IRGs with prognostic values and to develop a clinically effective risk model. Wilcoxon rank-sum test and univariate Cox analysis were applied to identify the differentially expressed immune-related genes (DEIRGs) related to the survival of PRAD patients. The Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) analysis was performed to identify the independent prognostic DEIRGs and to establish an immune risk score prognostic model. The reliability and veracity of the prognostic model were validated in PRAD patients from the internal cohort (The Cancer Genome Atlas, TCGA dataset) and the external cohort (International Cancer Genome Consortium, ICGC dataset), respectively. Six of the 193 identified DEIRGs were survival-associated in PRAD patients. Five prognostic DEIRGs (SLPI, NOX1, DES, BIRC5 and AMH) were selected to construct the immune-related prognostic model with optimal robustness. In the 2 independent cohorts we chose, PRAD patients could be effectively stratified according to our risk model. Patients with high risk scores had worse survival. Clinical correlation analysis proved that the risk score was associated with advanced clinicopathologic features. Multivariate analysis indicated that the risk model was an independent prognostic indicator. We also established a nomogram based on the risk score model for clinical application. Additionally, the risk score model was correlated with immune cell infiltration and reflected the status of the immune microenvironment. The prognostic value of the five immune-related genes used in the prognostic model was also validated. Our immune-related prognostic model was an effective tool that could not only serve as a predictor for prognosis, but also provide potential prognostic and therapeutic molecular biomarkers for optimizing personalized therapies in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongjun Fei
- Department of Reproductive Genetics, International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Diseases, Shanghai Municipal Key Clinical Specialty, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Xiongming Chen
- Department of Reproductive Genetics, International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Diseases, Shanghai Municipal Key Clinical Specialty, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai 200030, China
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24
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Ollivier L, Labbé M, Fradin D, Potiron V, Supiot S. Interaction Between Modern Radiotherapy and Immunotherapy for Metastatic Prostate Cancer. Front Oncol 2021; 11:744679. [PMID: 34595122 PMCID: PMC8477651 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.744679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer is the most frequently diagnosed cancer in men and a leading cause of cancer-related death. In recent decades, the development of immunotherapies has resulted in great promise to cure metastatic disease. However, prostate cancer has failed to show any significant response, presumably due to its immunosuppressive microenvironment. There is therefore growing interest in combining immunotherapy with other therapies able to relieve the immunosuppressive microenvironment. Radiation therapy remains the mainstay treatment for prostate cancer patients, is known to exhibit immunomodulatory effects, depending on the dose, and is a potent inducer of immunogenic tumor cell death. Optimal doses of radiotherapy are thus expected to unleash the full potential of immunotherapy, improving primary target destruction with further hope of inducing immune-cell-mediated elimination of metastases at distance from the irradiated site. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on both the tumor immune microenvironment in prostate cancer and the effects of radiotherapy on it, as well as on the use of immunotherapy. In addition, we discuss the utility to combine immunotherapy and radiotherapy to treat oligometastatic metastatic prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luc Ollivier
- Institut de Cancérologie de l'Ouest, Nantes, France.,Université de Nantes, CNRS, Inserm, CRCINA, Nantes, France
| | - Maureen Labbé
- Université de Nantes, CNRS, Inserm, CRCINA, Nantes, France
| | | | - Vincent Potiron
- Institut de Cancérologie de l'Ouest, Nantes, France.,Université de Nantes, CNRS, Inserm, CRCINA, Nantes, France
| | - Stéphane Supiot
- Institut de Cancérologie de l'Ouest, Nantes, France.,Université de Nantes, CNRS, Inserm, CRCINA, Nantes, France
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25
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El Fakiri M, Geis NM, Ayada N, Eder M, Eder AC. PSMA-Targeting Radiopharmaceuticals for Prostate Cancer Therapy: Recent Developments and Future Perspectives. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13163967. [PMID: 34439121 PMCID: PMC8393521 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13163967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary One of the most frequently diagnosed cancer in men is adenocarcinoma of the prostate. Once the disease is metastatic, only very limited treatment options are available, resulting in a very short median survival time of 13 months; however, this reality is gradually changing due to the discovery of prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA), a protein that is present in cancerous prostate tissue. Researchers have developed pharmaceuticals specific for PSMA, ranging from antibodies (mAb) to low-molecular weight molecules coupled to beta minus and alpha-emitting radionuclides for their use in targeted radionuclide therapy (TRT). TRT offers the possibility of selectively removing cancer tissue via the emission of radiation or radioactive particles within the tumour. In this article, the major milestones in PSMA ligand research and the therapeutic developments are summarised, together with a future perspective on the enhancement of current therapeutic approaches. Abstract Prostate cancer (PC) is the second most common cancer among men, with 1.3 million yearly cases worldwide. Among those cancer-afflicted men, 30% will develop metastases and some will progress into metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC), which is associated with a poor prognosis and median survival time that ranges from nine to 13 months. Nevertheless, the discovery of prostate specific membrane antigen (PSMA), a marker overexpressed in the majority of prostatic cancerous tissue, revolutionised PC care. Ever since, PSMA-targeted radionuclide therapy has gained remarkable international visibility in translational oncology. Furthermore, on first clinical application, it has shown significant influence on therapeutic management and patient care in metastatic and hormone-refractory prostate cancer, a disease that previously had remained immedicable. In this article, we provide a general overview of the main milestones in the development of ligands for PSMA-targeted radionuclide therapy, ranging from the firstly developed monoclonal antibodies to the current state-of-the-art low molecular weight entities conjugated with various radionuclides, as well as potential future efforts related to PSMA-targeted radionuclide therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed El Fakiri
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Medical Center Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Str. 55, 79106 Freiburg, Germany; (M.E.F.); (N.M.G.); (N.A.); (A.-C.E.)
- Division of Radiopharmaceutical Development, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Freiburg, and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Nicolas M. Geis
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Medical Center Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Str. 55, 79106 Freiburg, Germany; (M.E.F.); (N.M.G.); (N.A.); (A.-C.E.)
- Division of Radiopharmaceutical Development, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Freiburg, and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Nawal Ayada
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Medical Center Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Str. 55, 79106 Freiburg, Germany; (M.E.F.); (N.M.G.); (N.A.); (A.-C.E.)
- Division of Radiopharmaceutical Development, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Freiburg, and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Matthias Eder
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Medical Center Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Str. 55, 79106 Freiburg, Germany; (M.E.F.); (N.M.G.); (N.A.); (A.-C.E.)
- Division of Radiopharmaceutical Development, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Freiburg, and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-761-270-74220
| | - Ann-Christin Eder
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Medical Center Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Str. 55, 79106 Freiburg, Germany; (M.E.F.); (N.M.G.); (N.A.); (A.-C.E.)
- Division of Radiopharmaceutical Development, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Freiburg, and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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26
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Zhou Q, Liu M, Shao T, Xie P, Zhu S, Wang W, Miao Q, Peng J, Zhang P. TPX2 Enhanced the Activation of the HGF/ETS-1 Pathway and Increased the Invasion of Endocrine-Independent Prostate Carcinoma Cells. Front Oncol 2021; 11:618540. [PMID: 34123781 PMCID: PMC8193931 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.618540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The prognosis for endocrine-independent prostate carcinoma is still poor due to its highly metastatic feature. In the present work, TPX2 (the targeting protein for Xklp2), which is known as a micro-tubulin interacted protein, was identified as a novel coactivator of ETS-1, a transcription factor that plays a central role in mediating the metastasis of human malignancies. TPX2 enhanced the transcription factor activation of ETS-1 and increased the expression of ETS-1's downstream metastasis-related genes, such as mmp3 or mmp9, induced by HGF (hepatocyte growth factor), a typical agonist of the HGF/c-MET/ETS-1 pathway. The protein-interaction between TPX2 and ETS-1 was examined using immunoprecipitation (IP). TPX2 enhanced the accumulation of ETS-1 in the nuclear and the recruitment of its binding element (EST binding site, EBS) located in the promoter region of its downstream gene, mmp9. Moreover, TPX2 enhanced the in vitro or in vivo invasion of a typical endocrine-independent prostate carcinoma cell line, PC-3. Therefore, TPX2 enhanced the activation of the HGF/ETS-1 pathway to enhance the invasion of endocrine-independent prostate carcinoma cells and thus it would be a promising target for prostate carcinoma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinghong Zhou
- The Second Ward of Urology, Qujing Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Qujing, China
| | - Mingsheng Liu
- The Second Ward of Urology, Qujing Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Qujing, China
| | - Tao Shao
- The Second Ward of Urology, Qujing Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Qujing, China
| | - Pingbo Xie
- The Second Ward of Urology, Qujing Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Qujing, China
| | - Shaojie Zhu
- The Second Ward of Urology, Qujing Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Qujing, China
| | - Wei Wang
- The Second Ward of Urology, Qujing Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Qujing, China
| | - Qiong Miao
- The Second Ward of Urology, Qujing Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Qujing, China
| | - Jiaxi Peng
- The Second Ward of Urology, Qujing Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Qujing, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Department of Urology, Chinese People's Liberation Army (PLA) General Hospital/Chinese PLA Medical Academy, Beijing, China
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27
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Dosimetric Analysis of the Short-Ranged Particle Emitter 161Tb for Radionuclide Therapy of Metastatic Prostate Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13092011. [PMID: 33921956 PMCID: PMC8122331 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13092011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 04/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary A tremendous effort and rapid development of the prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA)-targeting radio ligands for radionuclide therapy has resulted in encouraging response rates for advanced prostate cancer. Different radionuclides have been utilized or suggested as suitable candidates. In this study, a dynamic model of metastatic progress was developed and utilized to estimate a radiopharmaceutical’s potential of obtaining metastatic control of advanced prostate cancer. The simulations performed demonstrated the advantage of utilizing radionuclides with short-range particle emission, i.e., alpha-emitters and low-energy electrons. The recently-proposed beta-emitting radionuclide terbium-161 demonstrates great potential of being a future candidate towards targeted radionuclide therapy of advanced prostate cancer. This is in line with recent encouraging preclinical results and development of upscaling the product quality. Recently, the first in-human application with a [161Tb]Tb-DOTATOC also demonstrated good SPECT image quality, which can enable dosimetry calculations for new 161Tb-based radiopharmaceuticals. Abstract The aim of this study was to analyze the required absorbed doses to detectable metastases (Dreq) when using radionuclides with prostate specific membrane antigen (PSMA)-targeting radioligands to achieve a high probability for metastatic control. The Monte Carlo based analysis was performed for the clinically-used radionuclides yttrium-90, iodine-131, lutetium-177, and actinium-225, and the newly-proposed low-energy electron emitter terbium-161. It was demonstrated that metastatic formation rate highly influenced the metastatic distribution. Lower values generated few large detectable metastases, as in the case with oligo metastases, while high values generated a distribution of multiple small detectable metastases, as observed in patients with diffused visualized metastases. With equal number of detectable metastases, the total metastatic volume burden was 4–6 times higher in the oligo metastatic scenario compared to the diffusely visualized scenario. The Dreq was around 30% higher for the situations with 20 detectable metastases compared to one detectable metastasis. The Dreq for iodine-131 and yttrium-90 was high (920–3300 Gy). The Dreq for lutetium-177 was between 560 and 780 Gy and considerably lower Dreq were obtained for actinium-225 and terbium-161, with 240–330 Gy and 210–280 Gy, respectively. In conclusion, the simulations demonstrated that terbium-161 has the potential for being a more effective targeted radionuclide therapy for metastases using PSMA ligands.
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