LncRNA SNHG19 Promotes the Development of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer via Mediating miR-137/E2F7 Axis

Novel lncRNA SNHG16 Promotes the Growth and Metastasis of Malignant Melanoma by Regulating miR-205-5p/PAK2 Axis

Background

Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play an key role in the biological processes of various malignant tumors. SNHG16 has been confirmed to be associated with the progression of various cancers. However, function and molecular mechanism of SNHG16 in melanoma have not been studied by scholars.

Methods

The expression of SNHG16 in melanoma tissues were detected by using qRT-PCR. Melanoma cases from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and GEO#GSE15605 were included in this study. CCK-8 assay, EdU assay, transwell and scratch wound assay were used to explore the role of SNHG16 in melanoma cells. Luciferase reporter assays and RNA pull-down assay were used to explore the molecular mechanism of SNHG16 in melanoma.

Results

Here, we found that SNHG16 was up-regulated in melanoma. SNHG16 enhances the growth and metastasis of melanoma. SNHG16 can promote the expression of P21-activated kinases 2 (PAK2) by sponging miR-205-5p. PAK2 is the target gene of miR-205-5p. We demonstrated that SNHG16 promotes the metastasis and growth of melanoma through miR-205-5p/PAK2 axis.

Conclusion

This study firstly confirmed the role and mechanism of SNHG16 in the occurrence and development of melanoma. Therefore, SNHG16 may become a key point in the diagnosis, prognosis and treatment of melanoma patients in the future.

Comprehensive Analysis of the E2F Transcription Factor Family in Human Lung Adenocarcinoma

Background

E2F transcription factors (E2Fs), code a family of pivotal transcription factors, have been identified as key regulators in tumor tumorigenesis. However, the function of E2F family in human lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) have not been fully elucidated.

Methods

Herein, The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) databases, Kaplan-Meier plotter, cBioPortal and TIMER were used to analyze differential expression, prognostic value, genetic alteration and immune cell infiltration of E2Fs in LUAD patients.

Results

The expression levels of E2Fs (E2F1-8) were all significantly upregulated in LUAD tissues compared with normal lung tissues. All eight E2Fs had low rates of gene mutation in LUAD patients from cBioPortal databases. Survival analysis revealed that E2F2 (P=0.038; HR 1.36; 95% CI 1.02–1.81), E2F7 (P<0.001; HR 1.78; 95% CI 1.33–2.39) and E2F8 (P=0.03; HR 1.37; 95% CI 1.02–1.82) were significantly associated with poor prognosis. Multivariate cox regression analysis found that only E2F7 (P<0.001; HR 2.72; 95% CI 1.75–4.25) was an independent prognostic predictor in LUAD after adjusting common clinical parameters. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis also found that E2F7 had high diagnostic value for LUAD (AUC=0.901). Further analysis found that E2F7 was significantly associated with LUAD immune cell infiltration of B cell, T cell, neutrophil, and myeloid dendritic cell. E2F7 also have positive correlations with immune checkpoint genes including SIGLEC15, CD274, HAVCR2, PDCD1LG2, CTLA4, TIGIT, LAG3 and PDCD1 in LUAD.

Conclusion

Our findings showed various association of E2F7 in LUAD diagnostic and prognostic aspects, which suggested its potential in becoming a novel biomarker.

Epigenetic axis of SNHG19/miR-137/TNFAIP1 modulates amyloid beta peptide 25-35-induced SH-SY5Y cytotoxicity

Aims: In this study, the authors hypothesized that, in an in vitro Alzheimer's disease model, the epigenetic axis of SNHG19/hsa-miR-137 functionally regulates amyloid beta peptide 25-35 (Aβ_25-35)-induced SH-SY5Y cytotoxicity. Methods: Dual luciferase activity assay demonstrated that SNHG19 could directly bind hsa-miR-137. In Aβ_25-35-treated SH-SY5Y cells, SNHG19 was upregulated and hsa-miR-137 downregulated. Results: SNHG19 knockdown ameliorated Aβ_25-35-induced SH-SY5Y cytotoxicity, then reversed by secondary hsa-miR-137 downregulation. TNFAIP1 was dynamically regulated by Aβ_25-35 and gene modifications in SH-SY5Y cells. Finally, upregulation of TNFAIP1 reversed the protective effect of SNHG19 knockdown on Aβ_25-35-induced cytotoxicity. Conclusions: The authors concluded that the epigenetic axis of SNHG19/hsa-miR-137/TNFAIP1 may functionally regulate Aβ_25-35-induced SH-SY5Y cytotoxicity, thus making it a potential molecular target for Alzheimer's disease treatment.