1
|
Sinkarevs S, Strumfs B, Volkova S, Strumfa I. Tumour Microenvironment: The General Principles of Pathogenesis and Implications in Diffuse Large B Cell Lymphoma. Cells 2024; 13:1057. [PMID: 38920685 PMCID: PMC11201569 DOI: 10.3390/cells13121057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2024] [Revised: 06/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is the most common type of non-Hodgkin lymphoma worldwide, constituting around 30-40% of all cases. Almost 60% of patients develop relapse of refractory DLBCL. Among the reasons for the therapy failure, tumour microenvironment (TME) components could be involved, including tumour-associated macrophages (TAMs), myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), tumour-associated neutrophils (TANs), cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), and different subtypes of cytotoxic CD8+ cells and T regulatory cells, which show complex interactions with tumour cells. Understanding of the TME can provide new therapeutic options for patients with DLBCL and improve their prognosis and overall survival. This review provides essentials of the latest understanding of tumour microenvironment elements and discusses their role in tumour progression and immune suppression mechanisms which result in poor prognosis for patients with DLBCL. In addition, we point out important markers for the diagnostic purposes and highlight novel therapeutic targets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ilze Strumfa
- Department of Pathology, Riga Stradins University, 16 Dzirciema Street, LV-1007 Riga, Latvia
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
de Groot FA, de Groen RAL, van den Berg A, Jansen PM, Lam KH, Mutsaers PGNJ, van Noesel CJM, Chamuleau MED, Stevens WBC, Plaça JR, Mous R, Kersten MJ, van der Poel MMW, Tousseyn T, Woei-a-Jin FJSH, Diepstra A, Nijland M, Vermaat JSP. Biological and Clinical Implications of Gene-Expression Profiling in Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma: A Proposal for a Targeted BLYM-777 Consortium Panel as Part of a Multilayered Analytical Approach. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14081857. [PMID: 35454765 PMCID: PMC9028345 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14081857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Gene-expression profiling (GEP) is used to study the molecular biology of lymphomas. Here, advancing insights from GEP studies in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) lymphomagenesis are discussed. GEP studies elucidated subtypes based on cell-of-origin principles and profoundly changed the biological understanding of DLBCL with clinical relevance. Studies integrating GEP and next-generation DNA sequencing defined different molecular subtypes of DLBCL entities originating at specific anatomical localizations. With the emergence of high-throughput technologies, the tumor microenvironment (TME) has been recognized as a critical component in DLBCL pathogenesis. TME studies have characterized so-called "lymphoma microenvironments" and "ecotypes". Despite gained insights, unexplained chemo-refractoriness in DLBCL remains. To further elucidate the complex biology of DLBCL, we propose a novel targeted GEP consortium panel, called BLYM-777. This knowledge-based biology-driven panel includes probes for 777 genes, covering many aspects regarding B-cell lymphomagenesis (f.e., MYC signature, TME, immune surveillance and resistance to CAR T-cell therapy). Regarding lymphomagenesis, upcoming DLBCL studies need to incorporate genomic and transcriptomic approaches with proteomic methods and correlate these multi-omics data with patient characteristics of well-defined and homogeneous cohorts. This multilayered methodology potentially enhances diagnostic classification of DLBCL subtypes, prognostication, and the development of novel targeted therapeutic strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fleur A. de Groot
- Department of Hematology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands; (F.A.d.G.); (R.A.L.d.G.)
| | - Ruben A. L. de Groen
- Department of Hematology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands; (F.A.d.G.); (R.A.L.d.G.)
| | - Anke van den Berg
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands; (A.v.d.B.); (J.R.P.); (A.D.)
| | - Patty M. Jansen
- Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands;
| | - King H. Lam
- Department of Pathology, Erasmus Medical Center, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands;
| | - Pim G. N. J. Mutsaers
- Department of Hematology, Erasmus Medical Center, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands;
| | - Carel J. M. van Noesel
- Department of Pathology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
| | - Martine E. D. Chamuleau
- Cancer Center Amsterdam and LYMMCARE, Department of Hematology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (M.E.D.C.); (M.J.K.)
| | - Wendy B. C. Stevens
- Department of Hematology, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands;
| | - Jessica R. Plaça
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands; (A.v.d.B.); (J.R.P.); (A.D.)
| | - Rogier Mous
- Department of Hematology, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands;
| | - Marie José Kersten
- Cancer Center Amsterdam and LYMMCARE, Department of Hematology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (M.E.D.C.); (M.J.K.)
| | - Marjolein M. W. van der Poel
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology, GROW School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, 6229 HX Maastricht, The Netherlands;
| | - Thomas Tousseyn
- Department of Pathology, University Hospitals Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium;
| | | | - Arjan Diepstra
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands; (A.v.d.B.); (J.R.P.); (A.D.)
| | - Marcel Nijland
- Department of Hematology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands;
| | - Joost S. P. Vermaat
- Department of Hematology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands; (F.A.d.G.); (R.A.L.d.G.)
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Huang Q, Lin J, Huang S, Shen J. Impact of Qi-Invigorating Traditional Chinese Medicines on Diffuse Large B Cell Lymphoma Based on Network Pharmacology and Experimental Validation. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:787816. [PMID: 34955857 PMCID: PMC8699731 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.787816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: It has been verified that deficiency of Qi, a fundamental substance supporting daily activities according to the Traditional Chinese Medicine theory, is an important symptom of cancer. Qi-invigorating herbs can inhibit cancer development through promoting apoptosis and improving cancer microenvironment. In this study, we explored the potential mechanisms of Qi-invigorating herbs in diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) through network pharmacology and in vitro experiment. Methods: Active ingredients of Qi-invigorating herbs were predicted from the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database. Potential targets were obtained via the SwissTargetPrediction and STITCH databases. Target genes of DLBCL were obtained through the PubMed, the gene-disease associations and the Malacards databases. Overlapping genes between DLBCL and each Qi-invigorating herb were collected. Hub genes were subsequently screened via Cytoscape. The Gene Ontology and pathway enrichment analyses were performed using the DAVID database. Molecular docking was performed among active ingredients and hub genes. Hub genes linked with survival and tumor microenvironment were analyzed through the GEPIA 2.0 and TIMER 2.0 databases, respectively. Additionally, in vitro experiment was performed to verify the roles of common hub genes. Results: Through data mining, 14, 4, 22, 22, 35, 2, 36 genes were filtered as targets of Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma, Panacis Quinquefolii Radix, Codonopsis Radix, Pseudostellariae Radix, Astragali Radix, Dioscoreae Rhizoma, Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma for DLBCL treatment, respectively. Then besides Panacis Quinquefolii Radix and Dioscoreae Rhizoma, 1,14, 10, 14,13 hub genes were selected, respectively. Molecular docking studies indicated that active ingredients could stably bind to the pockets of hub proteins. CASP3, CDK1, AKT1 and MAPK3 were predicted as common hub genes. However, through experimental verification, only CASP3 was considered as the common target of Qi-invigorating herbs on DLBCL apoptosis. Furthermore, the TIMER2.0 database showed that Qi-invigorating herbs might act on DLBCL microenvironment through their target genes. Tumor-associated neutrophils may be main target cells of DLBCL treated by Qi-invigorating herbs. Conclusion: Our results support the effects of Qi-invigorating herbs on DLBCL. Hub genes and immune infiltrating cells provided the molecular basis for each Qi-invigorating herb acting on DLBCL.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qian Huang
- Fujian Institute of Hematology, Fujian Medical Center of Hematology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Hematology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jinkun Lin
- Fujian Institute of Hematology, Fujian Medical Center of Hematology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Hematology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Surong Huang
- Fujian Institute of Hematology, Fujian Medical Center of Hematology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Hematology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jianzhen Shen
- Fujian Institute of Hematology, Fujian Medical Center of Hematology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Hematology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|