Monoamine Oxidase A Inhibits Lung Adenocarcinoma Cell Proliferation by Abrogating Aerobic Glycolysis

Establishing the Link between X-Chromosome Aberrations and TP53 Status, with Breast Cancer Patient Outcomes

Ubiquitous to normal female human somatic cells, X-chromosome inactivation (XCI) tightly regulates the transcriptional silencing of a single X chromosome from each pair. Some genes escape XCI, including crucial tumour suppressors. Cancer susceptibility can be influenced by the variability in the genes that escape XCI. The mechanisms of XCI dysregulation remain poorly understood in complex diseases, including cancer. Using publicly available breast cancer next-generation sequencing data, we show that the status of the major tumour suppressor TP53 from Chromosome 17 is highly associated with the genomic integrity of the inactive X (Xi) and the active X (Xa) chromosomes. Our quantification of XCI and XCI escape demonstrates that aberrant XCI is linked to poor survival. We derived prognostic gene expression signatures associated with either large deletions of Xi; large amplifications of Xa; or abnormal X-methylation. Our findings expose a novel insight into female cancer risks, beyond those associated with the standard molecular subtypes.

Neurotransmitter release cycle-related genes predict the prognosis of lung adenocarcinoma

Because of the limitations of therapeutic approaches, patients suffering from lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) have unsatisfactory prognoses. Studies have shown that neurotransmitters participated in tumorigenesis and development. In LUAD, the expression of neurotransmitter release cycle-related genes (NRCRGs) has been reported to be disordered. This study aimed to study the correlation between NRCRGs and LUAD. In this study, based on the Cancer Genome Atlas cohort, consensus clustering analyses were performed on ten neurotransmitter release cycle-related (NRCR) differentially expressed genes. Neurotransmitter release cycle (NRC) scores were derived by the Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator-Cox regression model constituted by 3 NRCRGs. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses were performed to evaluate the prognosis value of the NRC score. In addition, single-Sample Gene Set Enrichment Analysis and CIBERSORT were conducted in the Cancer Genome Atlas cohort. Finally, gene ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analyses were also performed. As a result, the NRC-low group showed a good prognosis instead of the NRC-high group. NRC score was identified to be an independent prognosis factor for LUAD. In general, the NRC score based on the prognostic model was found to be closely correlated with immunotherapy-related anti-cancer immunity and inflamed tumor microenvironment. Functional enrichment results demonstrated that differentially expressed genes between 2 NRC groups were closely correlated with DNA replication, cell-substrate adhesion, Golgi vesicle transport, MAPK signal pathway, and many others. Novel biomarkers were offered for predicting the prognoses of LUAD patients. The NRC score might contribute to guiding LUAD patients with immunotherapy selection.

The Metabolism Reprogramming of microRNA Let-7-Mediated Glycolysis Contributes to Autophagy and Tumor Progression

Cancer is usually a result of abnormal glucose uptake and imbalanced nutrient metabolization. The dysregulation of glucose metabolism, which controls the processes of glycolysis, gives rise to various physiological defects. Autophagy is one of the metabolic-related cellular functions and involves not only energy regeneration but also tumorigenesis. The dysregulation of autophagy impacts on the imbalance of metabolic homeostasis and leads to a variety of disorders. In particular, the microRNA (miRNA) Let-7 has been identified as related to glycolysis procedures such as tissue repair, stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes, and tumoral metastasis. In many cancers, the expression of glycolysis-related enzymes is correlated with Let-7, in which multiple enzymes are related to the regulation of the autophagy process. However, much recent research has not comprehensively investigated how Let-7 participates in glycolytic reprogramming or its links to autophagic regulations, mainly in tumor progression. Through an integrated literature review and omics-related profiling correlation, this review provides the possible linkage of the Let-7 network between glycolysis and autophagy, and its role in tumor progression.