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Liu J, Wu M, Yang Y, Wang Z, He S, Tian X, Wang H. γδ T cells and the PD-1/PD-L1 axis: a love-hate relationship in the tumor microenvironment. J Transl Med 2024; 22:553. [PMID: 38858763 PMCID: PMC11163710 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-024-05327-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Gamma delta (γδ) T cells demonstrate strong cytotoxicity against diverse cancer cell types in an MHC-independent manner, rendering them promising contenders for cancer therapy. Although amplification and adoptive transfer of γδ T cells are being evaluated in the clinic, their therapeutic efficacy remains unsatisfactory, primarily due to the influence of the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME). Currently, the utilization of targeted therapeutic antibodies against inhibitory immune checkpoint (ICP) molecules is a viable approach to counteract the immunosuppressive consequences of the TME. Notably, PD-1/PD-L1 checkpoint inhibitors are considered primary treatment options for diverse malignancies, with the objective of preserving the response of αβ T cells. However, γδ T cells also infiltrate various human cancers and are important participants in cancer immunity, thereby influencing patient prognosis. Hence, it is imperative to comprehend the reciprocal impact of the PD-1/PD-L1 axis on γδ T cells. This understanding can serve as a therapeutic foundation for improving γδ T cells adoptive transfer therapy and may offer a novel avenue for future combined immunotherapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Min Wu
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yifan Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zixuan Wang
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Shan He
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xun Tian
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Academician Expert Workstation, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430014, Hubei, China.
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
- Cancer Biology Research Center (Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education), Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Therapy for Major Gynecological Diseases, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Therapy for Major Gynecological Diseases, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
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2
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Ruocco MR, Gisonna A, Acampora V, D’Agostino A, Carrese B, Santoro J, Venuta A, Nasso R, Rocco N, Russo D, Cavaliere A, Altobelli GG, Masone S, Avagliano A, Arcucci A, Fiume G. Guardians and Mediators of Metastasis: Exploring T Lymphocytes, Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells, and Tumor-Associated Macrophages in the Breast Cancer Microenvironment. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6224. [PMID: 38892411 PMCID: PMC11172575 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25116224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Revised: 05/30/2024] [Accepted: 06/01/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Breast cancers (BCs) are solid tumors composed of heterogeneous tissues consisting of cancer cells and an ever-changing tumor microenvironment (TME). The TME includes, among other non-cancer cell types, immune cells influencing the immune context of cancer tissues. In particular, the cross talk of immune cells and their interactions with cancer cells dramatically influence BC dissemination, immunoediting, and the outcomes of cancer therapies. Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), and myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) represent prominent immune cell populations of breast TMEs, and they have important roles in cancer immunoescape and dissemination. Therefore, in this article we review the features of TILs, TAMs, and MDSCs in BCs. Moreover, we highlight the mechanisms by which these immune cells remodel the immune TME and lead to breast cancer metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Rosaria Ruocco
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (M.R.R.); (A.G.)
| | - Armando Gisonna
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (M.R.R.); (A.G.)
| | - Vittoria Acampora
- Department of Public Health, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (V.A.); (A.V.); (A.A.)
| | - Anna D’Agostino
- IRCCS SYNLAB SDN, Via Emanuele Gianturco 113, 80143 Naples, Italy; (A.D.); (B.C.); (J.S.)
| | - Barbara Carrese
- IRCCS SYNLAB SDN, Via Emanuele Gianturco 113, 80143 Naples, Italy; (A.D.); (B.C.); (J.S.)
| | - Jessie Santoro
- IRCCS SYNLAB SDN, Via Emanuele Gianturco 113, 80143 Naples, Italy; (A.D.); (B.C.); (J.S.)
| | - Alessandro Venuta
- Department of Public Health, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (V.A.); (A.V.); (A.A.)
| | - Rosarita Nasso
- Department of Movement Sciences and Wellness, University of Naples “Parthenope”, 80133 Naples, Italy;
| | - Nicola Rocco
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Science, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (N.R.); (D.R.); (G.G.A.)
| | - Daniela Russo
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Science, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (N.R.); (D.R.); (G.G.A.)
| | | | - Giovanna Giuseppina Altobelli
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Science, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (N.R.); (D.R.); (G.G.A.)
| | - Stefania Masone
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy;
| | - Angelica Avagliano
- Department of Public Health, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (V.A.); (A.V.); (A.A.)
| | - Alessandro Arcucci
- Department of Public Health, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (V.A.); (A.V.); (A.A.)
| | - Giuseppe Fiume
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Catanzaro “Magna Graecia”, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy;
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3
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Tubertini M, Menilli L, Milani C, Martini C, Navacchia ML, Nugnes M, Bartolini M, Naldi M, Tedesco D, Martella E, Guerrini A, Ferroni C, Moret F, Varchi G. HSA-nanobinders crafted from bioresponsive prodrugs for combined cancer chemoimmunotherapy-an in vitro exploration. Front Chem 2024; 12:1378233. [PMID: 38591056 PMCID: PMC7615814 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2024.1378233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive subtype of breast cancer still lacking effective treatment options. Chemotherapy in combination with immunotherapy can restrict tumor progression and repolarize the tumor microenvironment towards an anti-tumor milieu, improving clinical outcome in TNBC patients. The chemotherapeutic drug paclitaxel has been shown to induce immunogenic cell death (ICD), whereas inhibitors of the indoleamine 2,3- dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) enzyme, whose expression is shared in immune regulatory and tumor cells, have been revealed to enhance the anti-tumor immune response. However, poor bioavailability and pharmacokinetics, off-target effects and hurdles in achieving therapeutic drug concentrations at the target tissue often limit the effectiveness of combination therapies. Methods This work describes the development of novel biomimetic and carrier-free nanobinders (NBs) loaded with both paclitaxel and the IDO1 inhibitor NLG919 in the form of bioresponsive and biomimetic prodrugs. A fine tuning of the preparation conditions allowed to identify NB@5 as the most suitable nanoformulation in terms of reproducibility, stability and in vitro effectiveness. Results and discussion Our data show that NB@5 effectively binds to HSA in cell-free experiments, demonstrating its protective role in the controlled release of drugs and suggesting the potential to exploit the protein as the endogenous vehicle for targeted delivery to the tumor site. Our study successfully proves that the drugs encapsulated within the NBs are preferentially released under the altered redox conditions commonly found in the tumor microenvironment, thereby inducing cell death, promoting ICD, and inhibiting IDO1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matilde Tubertini
- Institute for Organic Synthesis and Photoreactivity (ISOF), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Bologna, Italy
- Department of Science and High Technology, University of Insubria, Como, Italy
| | - Luca Menilli
- Pharmacy Unit, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCSS, Padua, Italy
| | - Celeste Milani
- Department of Biology (DiBio), University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Cecilia Martini
- Institute for Organic Synthesis and Photoreactivity (ISOF), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Bologna, Italy
| | - Maria Luisa Navacchia
- Institute for Organic Synthesis and Photoreactivity (ISOF), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Bologna, Italy
| | - Marta Nugnes
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology (FaBiT), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Manuela Bartolini
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology (FaBiT), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Marina Naldi
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology (FaBiT), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Daniele Tedesco
- Institute for Organic Synthesis and Photoreactivity (ISOF), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Bologna, Italy
| | - Elisa Martella
- Institute for Organic Synthesis and Photoreactivity (ISOF), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Bologna, Italy
| | - Andrea Guerrini
- Institute for Organic Synthesis and Photoreactivity (ISOF), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Bologna, Italy
| | - Claudia Ferroni
- Institute for Organic Synthesis and Photoreactivity (ISOF), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Bologna, Italy
| | - Francesca Moret
- Department of Biology (DiBio), University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Greta Varchi
- Institute for Organic Synthesis and Photoreactivity (ISOF), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Bologna, Italy
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4
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Jing R, Bai S, Zhang P, Ren H, Jia L, Li W, Zheng G. IDO-1 impairs antitumor immunity of natural killer cells in triple-negative breast cancer via up-regulation of HLA-G. Breast Cancer 2024; 31:135-147. [PMID: 37981615 PMCID: PMC10764509 DOI: 10.1007/s12282-023-01522-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Triple-negative breast cancers (TNBC) are highly aggressive malignancies with poor prognosis. As an essential enzyme in the tryptophan-kynurenine metabolic pathway, indoleamine 2,3 dioxygenase-1 (IDO-1) has been reported to facilitate immune escape of various tumors. However, the mechanism underlying the immunosuppressive role of IDO-1 in TNBC remains largely uncharacterized. METHODS We examined the IDO-1 expression in 93 clinical TNBC tissues and paired adjacent normal tissues, and analyzed the regulation role of environmental cytokines like IFN-γ in IDO-1 expression. The effect of IDO-1 expression in TNBC cells on the function of NK cells were then evaluated and the underlying mechanisms were exploited. RESULTS IDO-1 expressed in 50 of 93 (54.1%) TNBC patients. TNBC patients with high IDO-1 expression tended to have more infiltrated immune cells including NK cells, which are less active than patients with low IDO-1 expression. NK cells could produce IFN-γ, which induced IDO-1 expression in TNBC cells, whereas IDO-1 impaired the cytotoxicity of co-cultured NK cells by upregulation of HLA-G. Blockade of HLA-G improved the antitumor activity of NK cells to TNBC in vivo. CONCLUSION TNBC cells induce dysfunction of NK cells through an IFN-γ/IDO-1/HLA-G pathway, which provide novel insights into the mechanisms of TNBC progression and demonstrate the applicability of IDO-1 and HLA-G targeting in the treatment of TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Jing
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, China
- State Key Laboratory of Holistic Integrative Management of Gastrointestinal Cancers and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Shukun Bai
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, China
- State Key Laboratory of Holistic Integrative Management of Gastrointestinal Cancers and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Peipei Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, China
- State Key Laboratory of Holistic Integrative Management of Gastrointestinal Cancers and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Hao Ren
- Department of Urology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, China
| | - Lintao Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Holistic Integrative Management of Gastrointestinal Cancers and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Weimiao Li
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 157 Xiwu Road, Xi'an, 710004, China.
| | - Guoxu Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Holistic Integrative Management of Gastrointestinal Cancers and Department of Immunology, Fourth Military Medical University, 169 Changle West Road, Xi'an, 710032, China.
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5
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Li K, Lu E, Wang Q, Xu R, Yuan W, Wu R, Lu L, Li P. Serum vitamin D deficiency is associated with increased risk of γδ T cell exhaustion in HBV-infected patients. Immunology 2024; 171:31-44. [PMID: 37702282 DOI: 10.1111/imm.13696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have demonstrated that T cell exhaustion is associated with poor clearance of Hepatitis B virus (HBV). However, whether the expression of exhaustion markers on innate-like circulating γδ T cells derived from patients with HBV infection correlates with the serum level of vitamin D is not completely understood. In this study, we found that the frequency of circulating Vδ2+ T cell and serum levels of vitamin 25(OH)D3 were significantly decreased in patients with HBV. And serum 25(OH)D3 levels in HBV-infected patients were negatively correlated with HBV DNA load and PD-1 expression on γδ T cells. Interestingly, 1α,25(OH)2 D3 alleviated the exhaustion phenotype of Vδ2 T cells in HBV-infected patients and promoted IFN-β expression in human cytotoxic Vδ2 T cells in vitro. Collectively, these findings demonstrate that vitamin D plays a pivotal role in reversing γδ T-cell exhaustion and is highly promising target for ameliorating HBV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Li
- Department of Geriatrics, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Eying Lu
- Department of Infectious Disease, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Department of Infectious Disease, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Ruirong Xu
- Department of Infectious Disease, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Wenhui Yuan
- The Biomedical Translational Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Ruan Wu
- Anhui Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Ligong Lu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Interventional Diagnosis and Treatment, Zhuhai Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhuhai People's Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University, Jinan University, Zhuhai, Guangdong, China
| | - Peng Li
- The Biomedical Translational Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Interventional Diagnosis and Treatment, Zhuhai Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhuhai People's Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University, Jinan University, Zhuhai, Guangdong, China
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6
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Zhu X, Li K, Liu G, Wu R, Zhang Y, Wang S, Xu M, Lu L, Li P. Microbial metabolite butyrate promotes anti-PD-1 antitumor efficacy by modulating T cell receptor signaling of cytotoxic CD8 T cell. Gut Microbes 2023; 15:2249143. [PMID: 37635362 PMCID: PMC10464552 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2023.2249143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have demonstrated that the antitumor immunity of immune cells can be modulated by gut microbiota and their metabolites. However, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we showed that the serum butyric acid level is positively correlated with the expression of programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) on circulating CD8+ and Vγ9 Vδ2 (Vδ2+) T cells in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Responder NSCLC patients exhibited higher levels of serum acetic acid, propionic acid, and butyric acid than non-responders. Depletion of the gut microbiota reduces butyrate levels in both feces and serum in tumor-bearing mice. Mechanistically, butyrate increased histone 3 lysine 27 acetylation (H3K27ac) at the promoter region of Pdcd1 and Cd28 in human CD8+ T cells, thereby promoting the expression of PD-1/CD28 and enhancing the efficacy of anti-PD-1 therapy. Butyrate supplementation promotes the expression of antitumor cytokines in cytotoxic CD8+ T cells by modulating the T-cell receptor (TCR) signaling pathway. Collectively, our findings reveal that the metabolite butyrate of the gut microbiota facilitates the efficacy of anti-PD-1 immunotherapy by modulating TCR signaling of cytotoxic CD8 T cells, and is a highly promising therapeutic biomarker for enhancing antitumor immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinhai Zhu
- Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ke Li
- Department of Geriatrics, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Guichao Liu
- Department of Head and Neck Breast Radiotherapy, The First People’s Hospital of Foshan City, Foshan, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ruan Wu
- Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Anhui Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hefei, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Siying Wang
- Department of Breast Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Meng Xu
- Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ligong Lu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Interventional Diagnosis and Treatment, Zhuhai Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhuhai People’s Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Peng Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Interventional Diagnosis and Treatment, Zhuhai Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhuhai People’s Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University, Zhuhai, China
- The Biomedical Translational Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
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7
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León-Letelier RA, Dou R, Vykoukal J, Sater AHA, Ostrin E, Hanash S, Fahrmann JF. The kynurenine pathway presents multi-faceted metabolic vulnerabilities in cancer. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1256769. [PMID: 37876966 PMCID: PMC10591110 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1256769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The kynurenine pathway (KP) and associated catabolites play key roles in promoting tumor progression and modulating the host anti-tumor immune response. To date, considerable focus has been on the role of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) and its catabolite, kynurenine (Kyn). However, increasing evidence has demonstrated that downstream KP enzymes and their associated metabolite products can also elicit tumor-microenvironment immune suppression. These advancements in our understanding of the tumor promotive role of the KP have led to the conception of novel therapeutic strategies to target the KP pathway for anti-cancer effects and reversal of immune escape. This review aims to 1) highlight the known biological functions of key enzymes in the KP, and 2) provide a comprehensive overview of existing and emerging therapies aimed at targeting discrete enzymes in the KP for anti-cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo A. León-Letelier
- Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Rongzhang Dou
- Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Jody Vykoukal
- Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Ali Hussein Abdel Sater
- Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Edwin Ostrin
- Department of General Internal Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Samir Hanash
- Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Johannes F. Fahrmann
- Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
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8
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Li P, Li K, Yuan W, Xu Y, Li P, Wu R, Han J, Yin Z, Lu L, Gao Y. 1α,25(OH) 2D 3 ameliorates insulin resistance by alleviating γδ T cell inflammation via enhancing fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase 1 expression. Theranostics 2023; 13:5290-5304. [PMID: 37908738 PMCID: PMC10614678 DOI: 10.7150/thno.84645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Chronic inflammation caused by immune cells is the central link between obesity and insulin resistance. Targeting the inflammatory process is a highly promising method for reversing systemic insulin resistance. Methods: Blood samples were prospectively collected from 68 patients with type 2 diabetes. C57BL/6J mice were fed either a high-fat diet (HFD) or normal chow (NC). We performed phenotypical and functional analyses of immune cells using flow cytometry. Vitamin D receptor (VDR) knockout γδ T cells were constructed using Cas9-gRNA targeted approaches to identify 1α,25(OH)2D3/VDR signaling pathway-mediated transcriptional regulation of fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase (FBP1) in γδ T cells. Results: Serum vitamin D deficiency aggravates inflammation in circulating γδ T cells in type 2 diabetes patients. We defined a critical role for 1α,25(OH)2D3 in regulating glycolysis metabolism, protecting against inflammation, and alleviating insulin resistance. Mechanistically, 1α,25(OH)2D3-VDR promoted FBP1 expression to suppress glycolysis in γδ T cells, thereby inhibiting Akt/p38 MAPK phosphorylation and reducing inflammatory cytokine production. Notably, therapeutic administration of 1α,25(OH)2D3 restrained inflammation in γδ T cells and ameliorated systemic insulin resistance in obese mice. Conclusions: Collectively, these findings show that 1α,25(OH)2D3 plays an important role in maintaining γδ T cell homeostasis by orchestrating metabolic programs, and is a highly promising target for preventing obesity, inflammation, and insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Interventional Diagnosis and Treatment, Zhuhai Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhuhai People's Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University, Jinan University, Zhuhai, 519000, Guangdong, China
- The Biomedical Translational Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, Guangdong, China
| | - Ke Li
- Department of Geriatrics, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, Guangdong, China
| | - Wenhui Yuan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Interventional Diagnosis and Treatment, Zhuhai Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhuhai People's Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University, Jinan University, Zhuhai, 519000, Guangdong, China
- The Biomedical Translational Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuqi Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Interventional Diagnosis and Treatment, Zhuhai Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhuhai People's Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University, Jinan University, Zhuhai, 519000, Guangdong, China
- The Biomedical Translational Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, Guangdong, China
| | - Ping Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, 510310, Guangdong, China
| | - Ruan Wu
- Anhui Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hefei, 230601, Anhui, China
| | - Jingru Han
- Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhinan Yin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Interventional Diagnosis and Treatment, Zhuhai Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhuhai People's Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University, Jinan University, Zhuhai, 519000, Guangdong, China
- The Biomedical Translational Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, Guangdong, China
| | - Ligong Lu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Interventional Diagnosis and Treatment, Zhuhai Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhuhai People's Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University, Jinan University, Zhuhai, 519000, Guangdong, China
| | - Yunfei Gao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Interventional Diagnosis and Treatment, Zhuhai Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhuhai People's Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University, Jinan University, Zhuhai, 519000, Guangdong, China
- The Biomedical Translational Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, Guangdong, China
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9
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Li W, Pan X, Chen L, Cui H, Mo S, Pan Y, Shen Y, Shi M, Wu J, Luo F, Liu J, Li N. Cell metabolism-based optimization strategy of CAR-T cell function in cancer therapy. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1186383. [PMID: 37342333 PMCID: PMC10278966 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1186383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Adoptive cell therapy (ACT) using chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-modified T cells has revolutionized the field of immune-oncology, showing remarkable efficacy against hematological malignancies. However, its success in solid tumors is limited by factors such as easy recurrence and poor efficacy. The effector function and persistence of CAR-T cells are critical to the success of therapy and are modulated by metabolic and nutrient-sensing mechanisms. Moreover, the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME), characterized by acidity, hypoxia, nutrient depletion, and metabolite accumulation caused by the high metabolic demands of tumor cells, can lead to T cell "exhaustion" and compromise the efficacy of CAR-T cells. In this review, we outline the metabolic characteristics of T cells at different stages of differentiation and summarize how these metabolic programs may be disrupted in the TME. We also discuss potential metabolic approaches to improve the efficacy and persistence of CAR-T cells, providing a new strategy for the clinical application of CAR-T cell therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenshuai Li
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macao, Macao SAR, China
- Department of Digestive Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuanxuan Pan
- Department of Digestive Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lirong Chen
- Department of Digestive Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Haoshu Cui
- Department of Digestive Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shaocong Mo
- Department of Digestive Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yida Pan
- Department of Digestive Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuru Shen
- Department of Digestive Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Menglin Shi
- Department of Digestive Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianlin Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macao, Macao SAR, China
| | - Feifei Luo
- Department of Digestive Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Department of Digestive Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Na Li
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macao, Macao SAR, China
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10
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Breast cancer tumor microenvironment affects Treg/IL-17-producing Treg/Th17 cell axis: Molecular and therapeutic perspectives. Mol Ther Oncolytics 2023; 28:132-157. [PMID: 36816749 PMCID: PMC9922830 DOI: 10.1016/j.omto.2023.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment (TME) comprises a variety of immune cells, among which T cells exert a prominent axial role in tumor development or anti-tumor responses in patients with breast cancer (BC). High or low levels of anti-inflammatory cytokines, such as transforming growth factor β, in the absence or presence of proinflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin-6 (IL-6), delineate the fate of T cells toward either regulatory T (Treg) or T helper 17 (Th17) cells, respectively. The transitional state of RORγt+Foxp3+ Treg (IL-17-producing Treg) resides in the middle of this reciprocal polarization, which is known as Treg/IL-17-producing Treg/Th17 cell axis. TME secretome, including microRNAs, cytokines, and extracellular vesicles, can significantly affect this axis. Furthermore, immune checkpoint inhibitors may be used to reconstruct immune cells; however, some of these novel therapies may favor tumor development. Therefore, understanding secretory and cell-associated factors involved in their differentiation or polarization and functions may be targeted for BC management. This review discusses microRNAs, cytokines, and extracellular vesicles (as secretome), as well as transcription factors and immune checkpoints (as cell-associated factors), which influence the Treg/IL-17-producing Treg/Th17 cell axis in BC. Furthermore, approved or ongoing clinical trials related to the modulation of this axis in the TME of BC are described to broaden new horizons of promising therapeutic approaches.
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11
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Giannotta C, Autino F, Massaia M. Vγ9Vδ2 T-cell immunotherapy in blood cancers: ready for prime time? Front Immunol 2023; 14:1167443. [PMID: 37143664 PMCID: PMC10153673 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1167443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In the last years, the tumor microenvironment (TME) has emerged as a promising target for therapeutic interventions in cancer. Cancer cells are highly dependent on the TME to growth and evade the immune system. Three major cell subpopulations are facing each other in the TME: cancer cells, immune suppressor cells, and immune effector cells. These interactions are influenced by the tumor stroma which is composed of extracellular matrix, bystander cells, cytokines, and soluble factors. The TME can be very different depending on the tissue where cancer arises as in solid tumors vs blood cancers. Several studies have shown correlations between the clinical outcome and specific patterns of TME immune cell infiltration. In the recent years, a growing body of evidence suggests that unconventional T cells like natural killer T (NKT) cells, mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells, and γδ T cells are key players in the protumor or antitumor TME commitment in solid tumors and blood cancers. In this review, we will focus on γδ T cells, especially Vγ9Vδ2 T cells, to discuss their peculiarities, pros, and cons as potential targets of therapeutic interventions in blood cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Giannotta
- Laboratorio di Immunologia dei Tumori del Sangue (LITS), Centro Interdipartimentale di Biotecnologie Molecolari “Guido Tarone”, Dipartimento di Biotecnologie Molecolari e Scienze per la Salute, Università Degli Studi di Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Federica Autino
- Laboratorio di Immunologia dei Tumori del Sangue (LITS), Centro Interdipartimentale di Biotecnologie Molecolari “Guido Tarone”, Dipartimento di Biotecnologie Molecolari e Scienze per la Salute, Università Degli Studi di Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Massimo Massaia
- Laboratorio di Immunologia dei Tumori del Sangue (LITS), Centro Interdipartimentale di Biotecnologie Molecolari “Guido Tarone”, Dipartimento di Biotecnologie Molecolari e Scienze per la Salute, Università Degli Studi di Torino, Torino, Italy
- Struttura Complessa (SC) Ematologia, Azienda Ospedaliera (AO) S. Croce e Carle, Cuneo, Italy
- *Correspondence: Massimo Massaia,
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12
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IGFBP2 Drives Regulatory T Cell Differentiation through STAT3/IDO Signaling Pathway in Pancreatic Cancer. J Pers Med 2022; 12:jpm12122005. [PMID: 36556226 PMCID: PMC9785430 DOI: 10.3390/jpm12122005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) represents one of the deadliest malignancies. Elevated regulatory T cell (Treg) infiltration has a potent immunosuppressive function in tumor biology, which contributes to low survival in PDAC. Nonetheless, the crosstalk between malignant cells and tumor-infiltrating Tregs in PDAC is not well understood. Here, clinical data demonstrates that the insulin-like growth factor binding protein 2 (IGFBP2) is associated with Treg accumulation in the microenvironment of PDAC in humans. Additionally, IGFBP2 increases Treg infiltration in the tumor microenvironment and promotes disease progression in mouse PDAC. Bioinformatic analysis and mechanistic assessment reveals IGFBP2 upregulated indoleamine 2, 3-dioxygenase (IDO) by activating signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) signaling in PDAC cells, thus inducing Treg differentiation and an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. These findings provide mechanistic insights into an important molecular pathway that promotes an immunosuppressive microenvironment, which suggests the IGFBP2 axis as a potential target for improved immune response in PDAC.
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13
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A phthalocyanine-based photosensitizer for effectively combating triple negative breast cancer with enhanced photodynamic anticancer activity and immune response. Eur J Med Chem 2022; 241:114644. [PMID: 35939997 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.114644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Although photodynamic therapy (PDT) has attracted great interest, the photosensitizers in clinical had weak inhibition on metastasis and invasion of cancers. Additionally the immune response induced by PDT was insufficient to eradicate cancer. Herein, indoximod, an inhibitor of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO), is introduced to concatenate with zinc phthalocyanines (ZnPc) for effectively overcoming above inadequacy. Due to indoximod moiety, photosensitizer 1-MT-Pc can obtain enhanced intracellular uptake and high reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. More impressively, 1-MT-Pc can achieve remarkable photocytotoxicity towards TNBC cells and negligible damage to normal cells. Meanwhile, 1-MT-Pc effectively inhibits metastasis and invasion of TNBC cells. Importantly, 1-MT-Pc exhibit elevated inhibitory effect on 4T1 tumor by enhanced PDT and immunotherapy.
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14
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Li P, Yuan W, Wu R, Zeng C, Li K, Lu L. Androgens in Patients With Luminal B and HER2 Breast Cancer Might Be a Biomarker Promoting Anti-PD-1 Efficacy. Front Oncol 2022; 12:917400. [PMID: 35880165 PMCID: PMC9307975 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.917400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Endocrine therapy is considered as an effective strategy for estrogen and progestogen receptor (ER and PR)-positive breast cancer (BRCA) patients, whereas resistance to these agents is the major cause of BRCA mortality in women. Immune checkpoint receptor (ICR) blockade is another approach to treat BRCA, but the response rate of this approach for non-triple-negative breast cancer (non-TNBC) is relatively low. Recently, the androgen receptor (AR) has been identified as a tumor suppressor in ER-positive BRCA; however, the relationship between the levels of androgens and ICRs on T cells in BRCA is unclear. We observed that testosterone and dihydrotestosterone (DHT) in patients with HER2 and Luminal B were significantly lower than those in healthy controls, and the expression of AR has significant correlation with overall survival (OS) advantage for Luminal B patients. Moreover, testosterone and DHT were positively correlated with the PD-1 expression on Vδ1+ T cells in HER2 and Luminal B patients. These results suggest a potential approach of combining androgens with PD-1 blockade for treating HER2 and Luminal B breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Interventional Diagnosis and Treatment, Zhuhai Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhuhai People's Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University, Jinan University, Zhuhai, China.,The Biomedical Translational Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenhui Yuan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Interventional Diagnosis and Treatment, Zhuhai Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhuhai People's Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University, Jinan University, Zhuhai, China.,The Biomedical Translational Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ruan Wu
- Anhui Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hefei, China
| | - Chuqian Zeng
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ke Li
- Department of Infectious Disease, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ligong Lu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Interventional Diagnosis and Treatment, Zhuhai Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhuhai People's Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University, Jinan University, Zhuhai, China
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15
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Fan Q, Zuo J, Tian H, Huang C, Nice EC, Shi Z, Kong Q. Nanoengineering a metal-organic framework for osteosarcoma chemo-immunotherapy by modulating indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase and myeloid-derived suppressor cells. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2022; 41:162. [PMID: 35501823 PMCID: PMC9063269 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-022-02372-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Background The high postoperative recurrence rate and refractoriness of relapsed tumors are still a conundrum for the clinical management of osteosarcoma (OS). New therapeutic options are urgently needed. Depriving the nourishment of myeloid-derived suppressor cells is a novel strategy to improve the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment for enhanced OS therapy. Methods We synthesized a hyaluronic acid (HA)-modified metal–organic framework for combinational chemotherapy and immunotherapy of OS. Zeolitic Imidazolate Framework-8 (ZIF-8) was prepared by a one-pot synthetic method, Gemcitabine (Gem) and D-1-Methyltryptophan (D-1-MT) were loaded into the ZIF-8 during the synthesis process to make ZIF-8@Gem/D-1-MT nanoparticles (NPs). The end product (HA/ZIF-8@Gem/D-1-MT NPs) was obtained by HA modification on the surface of ZIF-8@Gem/D-1-MT NPs. The obtained HA/ZIF-8@Gem/D-1-MT NPs have excellent potential as a drug delivery vector for chemotherapy and immunotherapy in vitro and vivo. Results The results indicate that HA/ZIF-8@Gem/D-1-MT NPs were readily taken up by OS cells, and that the Gem and D-1-MT were effectively released into the acidic environment. The HA/ZIF-8@Gem/D-1-MT NPs could efficiently decrease OS cell viability (proliferation, apoptosis, cell cycle, migration and invasion). And HA/ZIF-8@Gem/D-1-MT NPs could reactivate antitumor immunity by inhibiting indoleamine 2,3 dioxygenase and myeloid-derived suppressor cells. Furthermore, animal experiments confirmed that HA/ZIF-8@Gem/D-1-MT NPs could induce intratumoral immune responses and inhibit tumor growth. Additionally, HA/ZIF-8@Gem/D-1-MT NPs have a good safety profile. Conclusions Our findings demonstrate that the combination of Gem with D-1-MT brings new hope for the improved treatment of OS, while the generation of the nanosystem has increased the application potential and flexibility of this strategy. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13046-022-02372-8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingxin Fan
- Hospital of Chengdu Office of People's Government of Tibetan Autonomous Region (Hospital.C.T.), Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.,State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.,Department of Orthopedics, Hospital of Chengdu Office of People's Government of TibetanAutonomous Region (Hospital.C.T.), Orthopedic Research Institute, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Jing Zuo
- Hospital of Chengdu Office of People's Government of Tibetan Autonomous Region (Hospital.C.T.), Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.,State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Hailong Tian
- Hospital of Chengdu Office of People's Government of Tibetan Autonomous Region (Hospital.C.T.), Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.,State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Canhua Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Edouard C Nice
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - Zheng Shi
- Clinical Medical College &, Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu University, Chengdu University, Chengdu, 610106, China.
| | - Qingquan Kong
- Department of Orthopedics, Hospital of Chengdu Office of People's Government of TibetanAutonomous Region (Hospital.C.T.), Orthopedic Research Institute, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
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16
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Schönefeldt S, Wais T, Herling M, Mustjoki S, Bekiaris V, Moriggl R, Neubauer HA. The Diverse Roles of γδ T Cells in Cancer: From Rapid Immunity to Aggressive Lymphoma. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:6212. [PMID: 34944832 PMCID: PMC8699114 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13246212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
γδ T cells are unique players in shaping immune responses, lying at the intersection between innate and adaptive immunity. Unlike conventional αβ T cells, γδ T cells largely populate non-lymphoid peripheral tissues, demonstrating tissue specificity, and they respond to ligands in an MHC-independent manner. γδ T cells display rapid activation and effector functions, with a capacity for cytotoxic anti-tumour responses and production of inflammatory cytokines such as IFN-γ or IL-17. Their rapid cytotoxic nature makes them attractive cells for use in anti-cancer immunotherapies. However, upon transformation, γδ T cells can give rise to highly aggressive lymphomas. These rare malignancies often display poor patient survival, and no curative therapies exist. In this review, we discuss the diverse roles of γδ T cells in immune surveillance and response, with a particular focus on cancer immunity. We summarise the intriguing dichotomy between pro- and anti-tumour functions of γδ T cells in solid and haematological cancers, highlighting the key subsets involved. Finally, we discuss potential drivers of γδ T-cell transformation, summarising the main γδ T-cell lymphoma/leukaemia entities, their clinical features, recent advances in mapping their molecular and genomic landscapes, current treatment strategies and potential future targeting options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susann Schönefeldt
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, 1210 Vienna, Austria; (S.S.); (T.W.); (R.M.)
| | - Tamara Wais
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, 1210 Vienna, Austria; (S.S.); (T.W.); (R.M.)
| | - Marco Herling
- Department of Hematology, Cellular Therapy and Hemostaseology, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany;
| | - Satu Mustjoki
- Hematology Research Unit Helsinki, Helsinki University Hospital Comprehensive Cancer Center, 00290 Helsinki, Finland;
- iCAN Digital Precision Cancer Medicine Flagship, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
- Translational Immunology Research Program and Department of Clinical Chemistry and Hematology, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Vasileios Bekiaris
- Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark;
| | - Richard Moriggl
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, 1210 Vienna, Austria; (S.S.); (T.W.); (R.M.)
| | - Heidi A. Neubauer
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, 1210 Vienna, Austria; (S.S.); (T.W.); (R.M.)
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