1
|
Du J, Gu XR, Yu XX, Cao YJ, Hou J. Essential procedures of single-cell RNA sequencing in multiple myeloma and its translational value. BLOOD SCIENCE 2023; 5:221-236. [PMID: 37941914 PMCID: PMC10629747 DOI: 10.1097/bs9.0000000000000172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a malignant neoplasm characterized by clonal proliferation of abnormal plasma cells. In many countries, it ranks as the second most prevalent malignant neoplasm of the hematopoietic system. Although treatment methods for MM have been continuously improved and the survival of patients has been dramatically prolonged, MM remains an incurable disease with a high probability of recurrence. As such, there are still many challenges to be addressed. One promising approach is single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq), which can elucidate the transcriptome heterogeneity of individual cells and reveal previously unknown cell types or states in complex tissues. In this review, we outlined the experimental workflow of scRNA-seq in MM, listed some commonly used scRNA-seq platforms and analytical tools. In addition, with the advent of scRNA-seq, many studies have made new progress in the key molecular mechanisms during MM clonal evolution, cell interactions and molecular regulation in the microenvironment, and drug resistance mechanisms in target therapy. We summarized the main findings and sequencing platforms for applying scRNA-seq to MM research and proposed broad directions for targeted therapies based on these findings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Du
- Department of Hematology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Xiao-Ran Gu
- School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Xiao-Xiao Yu
- School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Yang-Jia Cao
- Department of Hematology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shanxi 710000, China
| | - Jian Hou
- Department of Hematology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Li W, Zhang B, Cao W, Zhang W, Li T, Liu L, Xu L, Gao F, Wang Y, Wang F, Xing H, Jiang Z, Shi J, Bian Z, Song Y. Identification of potential resistance mechanisms and therapeutic targets for the relapse of BCMA CAR-T therapy in relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma through single-cell sequencing. Exp Hematol Oncol 2023; 12:44. [PMID: 37158921 PMCID: PMC10165782 DOI: 10.1186/s40164-023-00402-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND BCMA CAR-T is highly effective for relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma(R/R-MM) and significantly improves the survival of patients. However, the short remission time and high relapse rate of MM patients treated with BCMA CAR-T remain bottlenecks that limit long-term survival. The immune microenvironment of the bone marrow (BM) in R/R-MM may be responsible for this. The present study aims to present an in-depth analysis of resistant mechanisms and to explore potential novel therapeutic targets for relapse of BCMA CAR-T treatment via single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) of BM plasma cells and immune cells. METHODS This study used 10X Genomic scRNA-seq to identify cell populations in R/R-MM CD45+ BM cells before BCMA CAR-T treatment and relapse after BCMA CAR-T treatment. Cell Ranger pipeline and CellChat were used to perform detailed analysis. RESULTS We compared the heterogeneity of CD45+ BM cells before BCMA CAR-T treatment and relapse after BCMA CAR-T treatment. We found that the proportion of monocytes/macrophages increased, while the percentage of T cells decreased at relapse after BCMA CAR-T treatment. We then reclustered and analyzed the alterations in plasma cells, T cells, NK cells, DCs, neutrophils, and monocytes/macrophages in the BM microenvironment before BCMA CAR-T treatment and relapse after BCMA CAR-T treatment. We show here that the percentage of BCMA positive plasma cells increased at relapse after BCMA CAR-T cell therapy. Other targets such as CD38, CD24, SLAMF7, CD138, and GPRC5D were also found to be expressed in plasma cells of the R/R-MM patient at relapse after BCMA CAR-T cell therapy. Furthermore, exhausted T cells, TIGIT+NK cells, interferon-responsive DCs, and interferon-responsive neutrophils, increased in the R/R-MM patient at relapse after BCMA CAR-T cell treatment. Significantly, the proportion of IL1βhi Mφ, S100A9hi Mφ, interferon-responsive Mφ, CD16hi Mφ, MARCO hi Mφ, and S100A11hi Mφ significantly increased in the R/R-MM patient at relapse after BCMA CAR-T cell therapy. Cell-cell communication analysis indicated that monocytes/macrophages, especially the MIF and APRIL signaling pathway are key players in R/R-MM patient at relapse after BCMA CAR-T cell therapy. CONCLUSION Taken together, our data extend the understanding of intrinsic and extrinsic relapse of BCMA CAR-T treatment in R/R-MM patient and the potential mechanisms involved in the alterations of antigens and the induced immunosuppressive microenvironment, which may provide a basis for the optimization of BCMA CAR-T strategies. Further studies should be performed to confirm these findings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Li
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
- Department of Hematology, Henan Provincial Hematology Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450000, Henan, China
| | - Binglei Zhang
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
- Department of Hematology, Henan Provincial Hematology Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450000, Henan, China
| | - Weijie Cao
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
- Department of Hematology, Henan Provincial Hematology Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450000, Henan, China
| | - Wenli Zhang
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
- Department of Hematology, Henan Provincial Hematology Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450000, Henan, China
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450008, Henan, China
| | - Tiandong Li
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000, Henan, China
| | - Lina Liu
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450008, Henan, China
| | - LinPing Xu
- Department of Research and Foreign Affairs, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University & Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450008, China
| | - Fengcai Gao
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
- Department of Hematology, Henan Provincial Hematology Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450000, Henan, China
| | - Yanmei Wang
- Department of Hematology, Zhengzhou People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450003, Henan, China
| | - Fang Wang
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
- Department of Hematology, Henan Provincial Hematology Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450000, Henan, China
| | - Haizhou Xing
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
- Department of Hematology, Henan Provincial Hematology Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450000, Henan, China
| | - Zhongxing Jiang
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
- Department of Hematology, Henan Provincial Hematology Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450000, Henan, China
| | - Jianxiang Shi
- BGI College & Henan Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences in Academy of Medical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China.
| | - Zhilei Bian
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China.
- Department of Hematology, Henan Provincial Hematology Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450000, Henan, China.
| | - Yongping Song
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China.
- Department of Hematology, Henan Provincial Hematology Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450000, Henan, China.
| |
Collapse
|