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Ribatti D, Tamma R, Annese T, Ingravallo G, Specchia G. Macrophages and angiogenesis in human lymphomas. Clin Exp Med 2024; 24:26. [PMID: 38285283 PMCID: PMC10824884 DOI: 10.1007/s10238-023-01291-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
A link exists between chronic inflammation and cancer and immune cells, angiogenesis, and tumor progression. In hematologic malignancies, tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are a significant part of the tumor microenvironment. Macrophages are classified into M1/classically activated and M2/alternatively activated. In tumors, TAMs are mainly constituted by M2 subtype, which promotes angiogenesis, lymphangiogenesis, repair, and remodeling, suppressing adaptive immunity, increasing tumor cell proliferation, drug resistance, histological malignancy, and poor clinical prognosis. The aim of our review article is to define the role of TAMs and their relationship with the angiogenesis in patients with lymphoma reporting both an analysis of main published data and those emerging from our studies. Finally, we have discussed the anti-angiogenic approach in the treatment of lymphomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domenico Ribatti
- Department of Translational Biomedicine and Neuroscience, University of Bari Medical School, Bari, Italy.
| | - Roberto Tamma
- Department of Translational Biomedicine and Neuroscience, University of Bari Medical School, Bari, Italy
| | - Tiziana Annese
- Department of Translational Biomedicine and Neuroscience, University of Bari Medical School, Bari, Italy
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Libera Università del Mediterraneo (LUM) Giuseppe Degennaro University, Bari, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Ingravallo
- Section of Pathology, Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area, University of Bari Medical School, Bari, Italy
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Nikkarinen A, Lokhande L, Amini RM, Jerkeman M, Porwit A, Molin D, Enblad G, Kolstad A, Räty R, Hutchings M, Weibull CE, Hollander P, Ek S, Glimelius I. Soluble CD163 predicts outcome in both chemoimmunotherapy and targeted therapy-treated mantle cell lymphoma. Blood Adv 2023; 7:5304-5313. [PMID: 37389827 PMCID: PMC10506048 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2023010052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The outcome for patients with mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) has drastically improved with new treatments directed toward the tumor immune microenvironment, where macrophages play an important role. In MCL, the presence of M2 macrophages defined by CD163 expression in diagnostic biopsies has been associated with a worse prognosis. An alternative way to assess the abundance of M2 macrophages is by measuring the level of soluble CD163 in serum (sCD163). We aimed to investigate the prognostic value of sCD163 in 131 patients with MCL. We found that high sCD163 at diagnosis was associated with shorter progression-free survival (PFS) and shorter overall survival (OS) in 81 patients who were newly diagnosed and subsequently treated with chemoimmunotherapy. The same was seen in a cohort of 50 patients with relapsed MCL that were mainly treated within the phase 2 Philemon-trial with rituximab, ibrutinib, and lenalidomide. In patients who were newly diagnosed and had low levels of sCD163, 5-year survival was 97%. There was a moderate correlation between sCD163 and tissue CD163. The association with a poor prognosis was independent of MCL international prognostic index, Ki67, p53 status, and blastoid morphology, as assessed in a multivariable Cox proportional hazards model. In this study, high sCD163 was associated with both shorter PFS and shorter OS, showing that high levels of the M2 macrophage marker sCD163 is an independent negative prognostic factor in MCL, both in the chemoimmunotherapy and ibrutinib/lenalidomide era. In addition, low sCD163 levels identify patients with MCL with a very good prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Nikkarinen
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Cancer Precision Medicine, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | - Rose-Marie Amini
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Cancer Immunotherapy, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Mats Jerkeman
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Oncology and Pathology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Anna Porwit
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Oncology and Pathology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Daniel Molin
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Cancer Immunotherapy, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Gunilla Enblad
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Cancer Immunotherapy, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Arne Kolstad
- Department of Oncology, Innlandet Hospital Trust Division Gjøvik, Lillehammer, Norway
| | - Riikka Räty
- Department of Hematology, Helsinki University Hospital Comprehensive Cancer Center, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Caroline E. Weibull
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Peter Hollander
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Cancer Immunotherapy, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Sara Ek
- Department of Immunotechnology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Ingrid Glimelius
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Cancer Precision Medicine, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
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Yao C, Xu R, Li Q, Xiao S, Hu M, Xu L, Zhuang Q. Identification and validation of an immunological microenvironment signature and prediction model for epstein-barr virus positive lymphoma: Implications for immunotherapy. Front Oncol 2022; 12:970544. [PMID: 36249005 PMCID: PMC9559214 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.970544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BackgroundEpstein-Barr virus (EBV) is considered a carcinogenic virus, which is associated with high risk for poor prognosis in lymphoma patients, and there has been especially no satisfying and effective treatment for EBV+ lymphoma. We aimed to identify the immunological microenvironment molecular signatures which lead to the poor prognosis of EBV+ lymphoma patients.MethodsDifferential genes were screened with microarray data from the GEO database (GSE38885, GSE34143 and GSE13996). The data of lymphoid neoplasm diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBC) from the TCGA database and GSE4475 were used to identify the prognostic genes. The data of GSE38885, GSE34143, GSE132929, GSE58445 and GSE13996 were used to eluate the immune cell infiltration. Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue was collected for Real Time Quantitative PCR from 30 clinical samples, including 15 EBV+ and 15 EBV- lymphoma patients.ResultsFour differential genes between EBV+ and EBV- lymphoma patients were screened out with the significance of the survival and prognosis of lymphoma, including CHIT1, SIGLEC15, PLA2G2D and TMEM163. Using CIBERSORT to evaluate immune cell infiltration, we found the infiltration level of macrophages was significantly different between EBV+ and EBV- groups and was closely related to different genes. Preliminary clinical specimen verification identified that the expression levels of CHIT1 and TMEM163 were different between EBV+ and EBV- groups.ConclusionsOur data suggest that differences in expression levels of CHIT1 and TMEM163 and macrophage infiltration levels may be important drivers of poor prognosis of EBV+ lymphoma patients. These hub genes may provide new insights into the prognosis and therapeutic target for EBV+ lymphoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenjiao Yao
- Department of General medicine, The 3rd Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ruoyao Xu
- Transplantation Center, The 3rd Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Qianyuan Li
- Department of General medicine, The 3rd Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Sheng Xiao
- Department of Pathology, The 3rd Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Min Hu
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Linyong Xu
- School of Life Science, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Quan Zhuang
- Transplantation Center, The 3rd Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Research Center of National Health Ministry on Transplantation Medicine, Changsha, China
- *Correspondence: Quan Zhuang,
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