1
|
Shah V, Panchal V, Shah A, Vyas B, Agrawal S, Bharadwaj S. Immune checkpoint inhibitors in metastatic melanoma therapy (Review). MEDICINE INTERNATIONAL 2024; 4:13. [PMID: 38410760 PMCID: PMC10895472 DOI: 10.3892/mi.2024.137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
An increase in the incidence of melanoma has been observed in recent decades, which poses a significant challenge due to its poor prognosis in the advanced and metastatic stages. Previously, chemotherapy and high doses of interleukin-2 were available treatments for melanoma; however, they offered limited survival benefits and were associated with severe toxicities. The treatment of metastatic melanoma has been transformed by new developments in immunotherapy. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), monoclonal antibodies that target cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen-4 (CTLA-4), programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) and its ligand, PDL-1, have emerged as promising therapeutic options. Commonly used ICIs, such as ipilimumab, nivolumab and pembrolizumab, have been found to be associated with an improved median overall survival, recurrence-free survival and response rates compared to traditional chemotherapies. Combination therapies involving different types of ICIs, such as anti-PD1 with anti-CTLA-4, have further enhanced the overall survival and response rates by targeting various phases of T-cell activation. Additionally, the development of novel biomarkers has facilitated the assessment of responses to ICI therapy, with tissue and serum-based prognostic and predictive biomarkers now available. The increased response observed with ICIs also provides potential for immune-related adverse effects on various organ systems. Further research is required to evaluate the efficacy and safety of various combinations of ICIs, while ongoing clinical trials explore the potential of newer ICIs. Concerns regarding the development of resistance to ICIs also warrant attention. The present review summarizes and discusses the advent of ICIs with a marked significant breakthrough in the treatment of metastatic melanoma, providing improved outcomes compared to traditional therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vedant Shah
- Department of Medicine, Smt. N.H.L. Municipal Medical College and Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel Institute of Medical Sciences and Research (SVPISMR), Ahmedabad, Gujarat 380058, India
| | - Viraj Panchal
- Department of Medicine, Smt. N.H.L. Municipal Medical College and Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel Institute of Medical Sciences and Research (SVPISMR), Ahmedabad, Gujarat 380058, India
| | - Abhi Shah
- Department of Medicine, Smt. N.H.L. Municipal Medical College and Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel Institute of Medical Sciences and Research (SVPISMR), Ahmedabad, Gujarat 380058, India
| | - Bhavya Vyas
- Department of Medicine, Smt. N.H.L. Municipal Medical College and Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel Institute of Medical Sciences and Research (SVPISMR), Ahmedabad, Gujarat 380058, India
| | - Siddharth Agrawal
- Department of Medicine, Smt. N.H.L. Municipal Medical College and Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel Institute of Medical Sciences and Research (SVPISMR), Ahmedabad, Gujarat 380058, India
| | - Sanket Bharadwaj
- Department of Medicine, Smt. N.H.L. Municipal Medical College and Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel Institute of Medical Sciences and Research (SVPISMR), Ahmedabad, Gujarat 380058, India
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Yuan L, Li M, Li J, Zhu TF, Dong M, Liu L. Aggregation-induced signal amplification strategy based on peptide self-assembly for ultrasensitive electrochemical detection of melanoma biomarker. Anal Chim Acta 2024; 1289:342214. [PMID: 38245208 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2024.342214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Abstract
The detection of melanoma circulating biomarker in liquid biopsies is current under evaluation for being potentially utilized for earlier cancer diagnosis and its metastasis. Herein, we developed a non-invasive electrochemical approach for ultrasensitive detection of the S100B, serving as a potential promising blood circulating biomarker of melanoma, based on an aggregation-induced signal amplification (AISA) strategy via in-situ peptide self-assembly. The fundamental principle of this assay is that the designed amphiphilic peptides (C16-Pep-Fc), fulfilling multiple functions, feature both a recognition region for specific binding to S100B and an aggregation (self-assembly) region for the formation of peptide nanomicelles under mild conditions. The C16 tails were encapsulated within the hydrophobic core of the aggregates, while the relatively hydrophilic recognition fragment Pep and Fc tag were exposed on the outer surface for subsequent recognition of S100B and signal output. AISA provided remarkable accumulation of electroactive Fc moieties that enabled ultrasensitive S100B detection of as low as 0.02 nM, which was 10-fold lower than un-amplified approach and better than previously reported assays. As a proof-of-concept study, further experiments also highlighted the good reproducibility and stability of AISA and demonstrated its usability when applied to simulated serum samples. Hence, this work not only presented a valuable assay tool for ultrasensitive detecting protein biomarker, but also advocated for the utilization of aggregation-induced signal amplification in electrochemical biosensing system, given its considerable potential for future practical applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liang Yuan
- Institute for Advanced Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, PR China
| | - Mengfei Li
- Institute for Advanced Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, PR China
| | - Jiaying Li
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Yixing Hospital Affiliated to Jiangsu University, Yixing, 214200, PR China
| | - Tao-Feng Zhu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Yixing Hospital Affiliated to Jiangsu University, Yixing, 214200, PR China.
| | - Mingdong Dong
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Lei Liu
- Institute for Advanced Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Várvölgyi T, Janka EA, Szász I, Koroknai V, Toka-Farkas T, Szabó IL, Ványai B, Szegedi A, Emri G, Balázs M. Combining Biomarkers for the Diagnosis of Metastatic Melanoma. J Clin Med 2023; 13:174. [PMID: 38202181 PMCID: PMC10779676 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13010174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The early detection of melanoma relapse can improve patient survival; thus, there is a great need for easily accessible biomarkers that facilitate the diagnosis of metastatic disease. We investigated the diagnostic effect of blood biomarkers such as lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), S100B, and osteopontin in the detection of metastases. Clinical data and peripheral blood samples of 206 melanoma patients were collected (no metastasis, N = 120; metastasis, N = 86). The discriminative power of blood biomarkers, patient demographics, and clinicopathological parameters of primary melanomas were evaluated using univariate and multivariate logistic regression models and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis to determine the area under the curve (AUC). Plasma osteopontin levels showed a significant and independent effect on the probability of metastasis, similar to serum S100B levels. In addition, the location of the primary tumor on the lower extremities and the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) categories pT2b-3a, pT3b-4a, and pT4b were associated with the diagnosis of metastasis. Importantly, the combination of the three blood biomarkers and primary tumor localization and AJCC pT category yielded excellent discrimination (AUC: training set: 0.803; validation set: 0.822). In conclusion, plasma osteopontin can be classified as a melanoma biomarker; moreover, by combining clinicopathological prognostic variables, the diagnostic effect of blood biomarkers in the detection of metastatic melanoma can be improved.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tünde Várvölgyi
- Department of Dermatology, MTA Centre of Excellence, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (T.V.); (E.A.J.); (T.T.-F.); (I.L.S.); (B.V.); (A.S.); (G.E.)
| | - Eszter Anna Janka
- Department of Dermatology, MTA Centre of Excellence, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (T.V.); (E.A.J.); (T.T.-F.); (I.L.S.); (B.V.); (A.S.); (G.E.)
- HUN-REN-UD Allergology Research Group, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - István Szász
- HUN-REN-UD Public Health Research Group, University of Debrecen, 4028 Debrecen, Hungary; (I.S.); (V.K.)
- Department of Public Health and Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4028 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Viktória Koroknai
- HUN-REN-UD Public Health Research Group, University of Debrecen, 4028 Debrecen, Hungary; (I.S.); (V.K.)
- Department of Public Health and Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4028 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Tünde Toka-Farkas
- Department of Dermatology, MTA Centre of Excellence, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (T.V.); (E.A.J.); (T.T.-F.); (I.L.S.); (B.V.); (A.S.); (G.E.)
| | - Imre Lőrinc Szabó
- Department of Dermatology, MTA Centre of Excellence, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (T.V.); (E.A.J.); (T.T.-F.); (I.L.S.); (B.V.); (A.S.); (G.E.)
- HUN-REN-UD Allergology Research Group, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Beatrix Ványai
- Department of Dermatology, MTA Centre of Excellence, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (T.V.); (E.A.J.); (T.T.-F.); (I.L.S.); (B.V.); (A.S.); (G.E.)
| | - Andrea Szegedi
- Department of Dermatology, MTA Centre of Excellence, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (T.V.); (E.A.J.); (T.T.-F.); (I.L.S.); (B.V.); (A.S.); (G.E.)
- HUN-REN-UD Allergology Research Group, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Gabriella Emri
- Department of Dermatology, MTA Centre of Excellence, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (T.V.); (E.A.J.); (T.T.-F.); (I.L.S.); (B.V.); (A.S.); (G.E.)
- HUN-REN-UD Allergology Research Group, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Margit Balázs
- HUN-REN-UD Public Health Research Group, University of Debrecen, 4028 Debrecen, Hungary; (I.S.); (V.K.)
- Department of Public Health and Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4028 Debrecen, Hungary
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Janka EA, Ványai B, Szabó IL, Toka-Farkas T, Várvölgyi T, Kapitány A, Szegedi A, Emri G. Primary tumour category, site of metastasis, and baseline serum S100B and LDH are independent prognostic factors for survival in metastatic melanoma patients treated with anti-PD-1. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1237643. [PMID: 37664072 PMCID: PMC10472446 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1237643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Prognostic classification of metastatic melanoma patients treated with anti-PD-1 is of great interest to clinicians. Objective We aimed to determine the anti-PD-1 treatment related prognostic performance of demographics, clinical and histological prognostic markers and baseline serum S100B and LDH levels in advanced melanoma. Methods A total of 200 patients with unresectable metastatic melanoma were included in this retrospective study. 34.5% had stage M1c disease and 11.5% had stage M1d disease at the start of therapy. 30% had pT4b primary melanoma. 55.5% had elevated baseline serum S100B levels and 62.5% had elevated baseline serum LDH levels. We analysed the risk of death using univariate and multivariate Cox proportional-hazards models and the median overall (OS) and progression-free (PFS) survival using the Kaplan-Meier estimator. Results The median follow-up time from the start of anti-PD-1 treatment in patients who were alive at the end of the study (N=81) was 37 months (range: 6.1-95.9). The multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that M1c stage (vs. M1a, p=0.005) or M1d stage at the start of therapy (vs. M1a, p=0.001), pT4b category (vs. pT1a, p=0.036), elevated baseline serum S100B levels (vs. normal S100B, p=0.008) and elevated LDH levels (vs. normal LDH, p=0.049) were independently associated with poor survival. The combination of M1d stage, elevated baseline serum S100B and LDH levels and pT4b category was associated with a very high risk of death (HR 4.72 [1.81; 12.33]). In the subgroup of patients with pT4b primary melanoma, the median OS of patients with normal serum S100B levels was 37.25 months [95% CI 11.04; 63.46]), while the median OS of patients with elevated serum S100B levels was 8.00 months [95% CI 3.49; 12.51]) (p<0.001); the median OS of patients with normal serum LDH levels was 41.82 months [95% CI 11.33; 72.32]), while the median OS of patients with elevated serum LDH levels was 12.29 months [95% CI 4.35; 20.23]) (p=0.002). Conclusion Our real-world study indicates that the prognostic role of primary melanoma parameters is preserved in anti-PD-1 treated stage IV patients. Furthermore, there seems to be perspective in combining clinical, histological and serum prognostic markers in a prognostic model.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eszter Anna Janka
- Department of Dermatology, MTA Centre of Excellence, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
- ELKH-DE Allergology Research Group, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Beatrix Ványai
- Department of Dermatology, MTA Centre of Excellence, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
- Doctoral School of Health Sciences, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Imre Lőrinc Szabó
- Department of Dermatology, MTA Centre of Excellence, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Tünde Toka-Farkas
- Department of Dermatology, MTA Centre of Excellence, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Tünde Várvölgyi
- Department of Dermatology, MTA Centre of Excellence, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Anikó Kapitány
- Department of Dermatology, MTA Centre of Excellence, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
- ELKH-DE Allergology Research Group, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Andrea Szegedi
- Department of Dermatology, MTA Centre of Excellence, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
- ELKH-DE Allergology Research Group, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Gabriella Emri
- Department of Dermatology, MTA Centre of Excellence, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
- ELKH-DE Allergology Research Group, Debrecen, Hungary
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Stătescu L, Cojocaru E, Trandafir LM, Ţarcă E, Tîrnovanu MC, Heredea RE, Săveanu CI, Tarcău BM, Popescu IA, Botezat D. Catching Cancer Early: The Importance of Dermato-Oncology Screening. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:3066. [PMID: 37370677 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15123066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The European Society for Medical Oncology experts have identified the main components of the long-term management of oncological patients. These include early diagnosis through population screening and periodic control of already diagnosed patients to identify relapses, recurrences, and other associated neoplasms. There are no generally accepted international guidelines for the long-term monitoring of patients with skin neoplasms (nonmelanoma skin cancer, malignant melanoma, precancerous-high-risk skin lesions). Still, depending on the experience of the attending physician and based on the data from the literature, one can establish monitoring intervals to supervise these high-risk population groups, educate the patient and monitor the general population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Stătescu
- Department of Dermatology, "Grigore T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
- 'Saint Spiridon' County Emergency Clinical Hospital, 700111 Iasi, Romania
| | - Elena Cojocaru
- Department of Morphofunctional Sciences I-Pathology, "Grigore T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Laura Mihaela Trandafir
- Department of Mother and Child Medicine-Pediatrics, "Grigore T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Elena Ţarcă
- Department of Surgery II-Pediatric Surgery, "Grigore T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Mihaela Camelia Tîrnovanu
- Department of Mother and Child Medicine-Obstetrics, "Grigore T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Rodica Elena Heredea
- Department of Clinical Practical Skills, "Victor Babeş" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timişoara, Romania
| | - Cătălina Iulia Săveanu
- Surgical Department, Discipline of Preventive Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Medicine, "Grigore T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Bogdan Marian Tarcău
- Department of Dermatology, "Grigore T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
- 'Saint Spiridon' County Emergency Clinical Hospital, 700111 Iasi, Romania
| | | | - Doru Botezat
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Interdisciplinarity-Behavioral Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, "Grigore. T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iași, Romania
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Albanes D, Alcala K, Alcala N, Amos CI, Arslan AA, Bassett JK, Brennan P, Cai Q, Chen C, Feng X, Freedman ND, Guida F, Hung RJ, Hveem K, Johansson M, Johansson M, Koh WP, Langhammer A, Milne RL, Muller D, Onwuka J, Sørgjerd EP, Robbins HA, Sesso HD, Severi G, Shu XO, Sieri S, Smith-Byrne K, Stevens V, Tinker L, Tjønneland A, Visvanathan K, Wang Y, Wang R, Weinstein S, Yuan JM, Zahed H, Zhang X, Zheng W. The blood proteome of imminent lung cancer diagnosis. Nat Commun 2023; 14:3042. [PMID: 37264016 PMCID: PMC10235023 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-37979-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Identification of risk biomarkers may enhance early detection of smoking-related lung cancer. We measured between 392 and 1,162 proteins in blood samples drawn at most three years before diagnosis in 731 smoking-matched case-control sets nested within six prospective cohorts from the US, Europe, Singapore, and Australia. We identify 36 proteins with independently reproducible associations with risk of imminent lung cancer diagnosis (all p < 4 × 10-5). These include a few markers (e.g. CA-125/MUC-16 and CEACAM5/CEA) that have previously been reported in studies using pre-diagnostic blood samples for lung cancer. The 36 proteins include several growth factors (e.g. HGF, IGFBP-1, IGFP-2), tumor necrosis factor-receptors (e.g. TNFRSF6B, TNFRSF13B), and chemokines and cytokines (e.g. CXL17, GDF-15, SCF). The odds ratio per standard deviation range from 1.31 for IGFBP-1 (95% CI: 1.17-1.47) to 2.43 for CEACAM5 (95% CI: 2.04-2.89). We map the 36 proteins to the hallmarks of cancer and find that activation of invasion and metastasis, proliferative signaling, tumor-promoting inflammation, and angiogenesis are most frequently implicated.
Collapse
|
7
|
Bolovan LM, Ceausu M, Stanciu AE, Panait ME, Busca A, Hotnog CM, Bleotu C, Gales LN, Georgescu MT, Prunoiu VM, Brasoveanu LI, Voinea SC. Correlation Studies between S100 Protein Level and Soluble MIA or Tissue MelanA and gp100 (HMB45) Expression in Cutaneous Melanoma. J Pers Med 2023; 13:898. [PMID: 37373887 DOI: 10.3390/jpm13060898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Revised: 05/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Cutaneous melanoma (CM) originates from melanocytes and causes 90% of skin cancer deaths; therefore, the comparison of different soluble and tissue markers could be valuable in the detection of melanoma progression and therapy monitoring. The present study is focused on the potential correlations between soluble S100B and MIA protein levels in different melanoma stages or with tissue expression of S100, gp100 (HMB45), and MelanA biomarkers. (2) Methods: Soluble S100B and MIA levels were evaluated by means of immunoassay methods in blood samples from 176 patients with CM, while tissue expressions of S100, MelanA, and gp100 (HMB45) were detected by means of immunohistochemistry in 76 melanomas. (3) Results: Soluble S100B correlated with MIA in stages III (r = 0.677, p < 0.001) and IV (r = 0.662, p < 0.001) but not in stages I and II; however, 22.22% and 31.98% of stage I and II patients, respectively, had high values for at least one of the two soluble markers. S100 tissue expression correlated with both MelanA (r = 0.610, p < 0.001) and HMB45 (r = 0.476, p < 0.01), while HMB45 and MelanA also significantly positively correlated (r = 0.623, p < 0.001). (4) Conclusions: Blood levels of S100B and MIA corroborated with melanoma tissue markers expression could help to improve the stratification process for patients with a high risk of tumor progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lucica Madalina Bolovan
- Carcinogenesis and Molecular Biology Department, Institute of Oncology "Prof. Dr. Alexandru Trestioreanu", 022328 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Mihai Ceausu
- Pathology Department, Institute of Oncology "Prof. Dr. Alexandru Trestioreanu", 022328 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Adina Elena Stanciu
- Carcinogenesis and Molecular Biology Department, Institute of Oncology "Prof. Dr. Alexandru Trestioreanu", 022328 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Marieta Elena Panait
- Cancer Biology Department, Institute of Oncology "Prof. Dr. Alexandru Trestioreanu", 022328 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Antonela Busca
- Cancer Biology Department, Institute of Oncology "Prof. Dr. Alexandru Trestioreanu", 022328 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Camelia Mia Hotnog
- Center of Immunology, "Stefan S. Nicolau" Institute of Virology, Romanian Academy, 030304 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Coralia Bleotu
- Cellular and Molecular Pathology Department, "Stefan S. Nicolau" Institute of Virology, Romanian Academy, 030304 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Laurentia Nicoleta Gales
- Oncology Department, University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Carol Davila" Bucharest, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
- Oncology Department, Institute of Oncology "Prof. Dr. Alexandru Trestioreanu", 252 Fundeni Ave, 022328 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Mihai Teodor Georgescu
- Oncology Department, University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Carol Davila" Bucharest, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
- Oncology Department, Institute of Oncology "Prof. Dr. Alexandru Trestioreanu", 252 Fundeni Ave, 022328 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Virgiliu Mihail Prunoiu
- Oncological Surgery Department, University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Carol Davila" Bucharest, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
- Oncological Surgery Department, Institute of Oncology "Prof. Dr. Alexandru Trestioreanu", 022328 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Lorelei Irina Brasoveanu
- Center of Immunology, "Stefan S. Nicolau" Institute of Virology, Romanian Academy, 030304 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Silviu Cristian Voinea
- Oncological Surgery Department, University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Carol Davila" Bucharest, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
- Oncological Surgery Department, Institute of Oncology "Prof. Dr. Alexandru Trestioreanu", 022328 Bucharest, Romania
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Maksimaityte V, Reivytyte R, Milaknyte G, Mickys U, Razanskiene G, Stundys D, Kazenaite E, Valantinas J, Stundiene I. Metastatic multifocal melanoma of multiple organ systems: A case report. World J Clin Cases 2022; 10:10136-10145. [PMID: 36246820 PMCID: PMC9561590 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v10.i28.10136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/31/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Malignant melanoma is becoming more common among middle-aged individuals all over the world. Melanoma metastasis can be found in various organs, although metastases to the spleen and stomach are rare. Herein we present a rare metastatic multifocal melanoma, clinically and histologically mimicking lymphoma, with metastases of multiple organs.
CASE SUMMARY A 46-year-old Caucasian male with a history of nodular cutaneous malignant melanoma was presented with nausea, general weakness, shortness of breath, abdominal enlargement, and night sweating. The abdominal ultrasound revealed enlarged liver and spleen with multiple lesions. Computed tomography demonstrated multiple lesions in the lungs, liver, spleen, subcutaneous tissue, bones and a pathological lymphadenopathy of the neck. Trephine biopsy and the biopsy from the enlarged lymph node were taken. Tumor cells showed diffuse or partial positivity for melanocytic markers, such as microphthalmia - associated transcription factor, S100, HMB45 and Melan-A. The tumor harbored BRAF V600E mutation, demonstrated by immunohistochemical labelling for BRAF V600E and detected by real-time polymerase chain reaction test. Having combined all the findings, a diagnosis was made of a metastatic multifocal melanoma of the stomach, duodenum, liver, spleen, lungs, lymph nodes and bones. The patient refused treatment and died a week later.
CONCLUSION This case report highlights the clinical relevance of rare metastatic multifocal melanoma of multiple organ systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vaidota Maksimaityte
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Vilnius 01513, Lithuania
| | - Rosita Reivytyte
- Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Vilnius 01513, Lithuania
| | - Gabriele Milaknyte
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Vilnius 01513, Lithuania
| | - Ugnius Mickys
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Vilnius 01513, Lithuania
| | - Gintare Razanskiene
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Vilnius 01513, Lithuania
| | - Domantas Stundys
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Vilnius 01513, Lithuania
| | - Edita Kazenaite
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Vilnius 01513, Lithuania
| | - Jonas Valantinas
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Vilnius 01513, Lithuania
| | - Ieva Stundiene
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Vilnius 01513, Lithuania
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Fan S, Liu X, Wu Y, Li K, Zhao X, Lin W, Liu J. Prognostic Value of Lactate Dehydrogenase, Melanoma Inhibitory Protein, and S-100B Protein in Patients with Malignant Melanoma. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2022; 2022:9086540. [PMID: 36248431 PMCID: PMC9553451 DOI: 10.1155/2022/9086540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Objective This investigation probed the prognostic potential for lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), melanoma inhibitory activity protein (MIA), and S-100B protein in cases of malignant melanoma. Methods 84 cases were segregated into effective cohort (n = 64) and ineffective cohort (n = 20) depending on clinical efficacy. The cases were followed up for three years and segregated into mortality cohort (n = 29) and survival cohort (n = 55) depending upon 3-year survival. Serum LDH, MIA, and S-100B levels were compared across the effective and ineffective cohorts. Serum LDH, MIA, and S-100B levels in cases of different clinical stages were comparatively analyzed, with correlations of these indicators with the clinical stage being evaluated. ROC evaluated the prognostic potential of serum LDH, MIA, and S-100B. Cases were segregated into the high-level and low-level cohorts according to serum LDH, MIA, and S-100B levels, and the survival rates of cases were compared. Results The levels of LDH, MIA, and S-100B in the effective cohort were significantly lower than those in the ineffective cohort. The AUC value of the composite indicator of serum LDH, MIA, and S-100B for effectiveness evaluation was (0.839). Serum LDH, MIA, and S-100B levels were positively linked to the clinical stage. AUC value of the composite indicator of serum LDH, MIA, and S-100B for prognosis evaluation prediction (0.942) was elevated compared to LDH (0.632), MIA (0.732), or S-100B (0.828) alone. Survival rate of cases of LDH ≥30.56 mg/L (57.14%, 32/56) was lower than that of cases of LDH <30.56 mg/L (82.14%, 23/28) (log-rank χ 2 = 4.672, P < 0.05). The survival rate of MIA ≥5.34 ng/mL cases was lower than that of MIA <5.34 ng/mL cases. The survival rate of cases of S-100B ≥ 1.03ug/L was lower than that of S-100B < 1.03ug/L. Conclusion Serum LDH, MIA, and S-100B protein levels are linked to the clinical stage. The lactate dehydrogenase, melanoma inhibitory protein, and S-100B protein are of good clinical effectiveness and have the prognostic potential for cases of malignant melanoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuwen Fan
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215000, China
| | - Xiao Liu
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215000, China
| | - Yizhu Wu
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215000, China
| | - Ke Li
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215000, China
| | - Xiaoyu Zhao
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215000, China
| | - Wei Lin
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215000, China
| | - Jianjiang Liu
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215000, China
| |
Collapse
|