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Gavrilova T, Schulz E, Mina A. Breaking Boundaries: Immunotherapy for Myeloid Malignancies. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:2780. [PMID: 39199554 PMCID: PMC11352449 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16162780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2024] [Revised: 07/24/2024] [Accepted: 07/30/2024] [Indexed: 09/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy has revolutionized the treatment of myeloid oncologic diseases, particularly for patients resistant to chemotherapy or ineligible for allogeneic stem cell transplantation due to age or fitness constraints. As our understanding of the immunopathogenesis of myeloid malignancies expands, so too do the treatment options available to patients. Immunotherapy in myeloid malignancies, however, faces numerous challenges due to the dynamic nature of the disease, immune dysregulation, and the development of immune evasion mechanisms. This review outlines the progress made in the field of immunotherapy for myeloid malignancies, addresses its challenges, and provides insights into future directions in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatyana Gavrilova
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Eduard Schulz
- Immune Deficiency—Cellular Therapy Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (E.S.); (A.M.)
- NIH Myeloid Malignancies Program, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Alain Mina
- Immune Deficiency—Cellular Therapy Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (E.S.); (A.M.)
- NIH Myeloid Malignancies Program, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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2
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Restelli C, Ruella M, Paruzzo L, Tarella C, Pelicci PG, Colombo E. Recent Advances in Immune-Based Therapies for Acute Myeloid Leukemia. Blood Cancer Discov 2024; 5:234-248. [PMID: 38904305 PMCID: PMC11215380 DOI: 10.1158/2643-3230.bcd-23-0202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Despite advancements, acute myeloid leukemia (AML) remains unconquered by current therapies. Evidence of immune evasion during AML progression, such as HLA loss and T-cell exhaustion, suggests that antileukemic immune responses contribute to disease control and could be harnessed by immunotherapy. In this review, we discuss a spectrum of AML immunotherapy targets, encompassing cancer cell-intrinsic and surface antigens as well as targeting in the leukemic milieu, and how they can be tailored for personalized approaches. These targets are overviewed across major immunotherapy modalities applied to AML: immune checkpoint inhibitors, antibody-drug conjugates, therapeutic vaccines, bispecific/trispecific antibodies, and chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T and CAR-NK cells. Significance: Immune therapies in AML treatment show evolving promise. Ongoing research aims to customize approaches for varied patient profiles and clinical scenarios. This review covers immune surveillance mechanisms, therapy options like checkpoint inhibitors, antibodies, CAR-T/NK cells, and vaccines, as well as resistance mechanisms and microenvironment considerations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Restelli
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology (IEO), IRCCS, Milan, Italy.
| | - Marco Ruella
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies and Cellular Therapy and Transplant, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, PA, USA.
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, PA, USA.
| | - Luca Paruzzo
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies and Cellular Therapy and Transplant, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, PA, USA.
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, PA, USA.
| | - Corrado Tarella
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology (IEO), IRCCS, Milan, Italy.
| | - Pier Giuseppe Pelicci
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology (IEO), IRCCS, Milan, Italy.
- Department of Oncology and Haemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
| | - Emanuela Colombo
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology (IEO), IRCCS, Milan, Italy.
- Department of Oncology and Haemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
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3
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Pagliuca S, Schmid C, Santoro N, Simonetta F, Battipaglia G, Guillaume T, Greco R, Onida F, Sánchez-Ortega I, Yakoub-Agha I, Kuball J, Hazenberg MD, Ruggeri A. Donor lymphocyte infusion after allogeneic haematopoietic cell transplantation for haematological malignancies: basic considerations and best practice recommendations from the EBMT. Lancet Haematol 2024; 11:e448-e458. [PMID: 38796194 DOI: 10.1016/s2352-3026(24)00098-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/28/2024]
Abstract
Since the early description of three patients with relapsed leukaemia after allogeneic haematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) who obtained complete remission after donor lymphocyte infusions (DLIs), the added value of this procedure to induce or maintain graft-versus-leukaemia immunity has been undisputed. For more than 30 years, DLIs have become common practice as prophylactic, pre-emptive, or therapeutic immunotherapy. However, as with many aspects of allogeneic HCT, centres have developed their own routines and practices, and many questions related to the optimal applications and toxicity, or to the immunobiology of DLI induced tumour-immunity, remain. As a part of the Practice Harmonization and Guidelines Committee and the Cellular Therapy and Immunobiology Working Party of the European Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation effort, a panel of experts with clinical and translational knowledge in transplantation immunology and cellular therapy met during a 2-day workshop in September, 2023, in Lille, France, and developed a set of consensus-based recommendations for the application of unmanipulated DLI after allogeneic HCT for haematological malignancies. Given the absence of prospective data in the majority of publications, these recommendations are mostly based on retrospective studies and expert consensus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Pagliuca
- Department of Hematology, Nancy University Hospital, Nancy, France; UMR 7365, IMoPA, Lorraine University, CNRS, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Christoph Schmid
- Department of Haematology and Oncology, Augsburg University Hospital and Medical Faculty Comprehensive Cancer Center, Bavarian Cancer Research Center, Augsburg, Germany
| | - Nicole Santoro
- Haematology Unit, Department of Oncology and Hematology, Santo Spirito Hospital, Pescara, Italy
| | - Federico Simonetta
- Division of Haematology, Department of Oncology, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Giorgia Battipaglia
- Haematology Department and Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Thierry Guillaume
- Division of Haematology, Nantes University Hospital, Nantes, France; INSERM U1232 CNRS, CRCINA, Nantes, France
| | - Raffaella Greco
- Haematology and BMT Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesco Onida
- Haematology and BMT Unit, ASST Fatebenefratelli Sacco, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | | | | | - Jurgen Kuball
- Department of Haematology and Center for Translational Immunology, UMC Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Mette D Hazenberg
- Department of Haematology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Annalisa Ruggeri
- Haematology and BMT Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.
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4
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Ballesteros-Ribelles A, Millán-López A, Carmona-Luque MD, Herrera C. Granulocyte Colony Stimulating Factor-Mobilized Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells: An Alternative Cellular Source for Chimeric Antigen Receptor Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5769. [PMID: 38891957 PMCID: PMC11171785 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25115769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2024] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Lymphocyte collection by apheresis for CAR-T production usually does not include blood mobilized using granulocyte colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) due to the widespread knowledge that it causes a decrease in the number and functionality of lymphocytes. However, it is used for stem cell transplant, which is a common treatment for hematological malignancies. The growing demand for CAR therapies (CAR-T and NK-CAR), both in research and clinics, makes it necessary to evaluate whether mobilized PBSC products may be potential candidates for use in such therapies. This review collects recent works that experimentally verify the role and functionality of T and NK lymphocytes and the generation of CAR-T from apheresis after G-CSF mobilization. As discussed, T cells do not vary significantly in their phenotype, the ratio of CD4+ and CD8+ remains constant, and the different sub-populations remain stable. In addition, the expansion and proliferation rates are invariant regardless of mobilization with G-CSF as well as the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines and the cytotoxic ability. Therefore, cells mobilized before apheresis are postulated as a new alternative source of T cells for adoptive therapies that will serve to alleviate high demand, increase availability, and take advantage of the substantial number of existing cryopreserved products.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alejandro Millán-López
- Cell Therapy Group, Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research, 14004 Córdoba, Spain; (A.B.-R.); (A.M.-L.)
| | - MDolores Carmona-Luque
- Cell Therapy Group, Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research, 14004 Córdoba, Spain; (A.B.-R.); (A.M.-L.)
| | - Concha Herrera
- Cell Therapy Group, Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research, 14004 Córdoba, Spain; (A.B.-R.); (A.M.-L.)
- Department of Hematology, Reina Sofia University Hospital, 14004 Córdoba, Spain
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Córdoba, 14004 Córdoba, Spain
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5
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Accorsi Buttini E, Doran C, Malagola M, Radici V, Galli M, Rubini V, Leoni A, Farina M, Polverelli N, Re F, Bernardi S, Mohty M, Russo D, Brissot E. Donor Lymphocyte Infusion in the Treatment of Post-Transplant Relapse of Acute Myeloid Leukemias and Myelodysplastic Syndromes Significantly Improves Overall Survival: A French-Italian Experience of 134 Patients. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:1278. [PMID: 38610955 PMCID: PMC11011045 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16071278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Revised: 03/10/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Disease relapse after allogeneic stem cell transplantation (allo-SCT) is the main challenge for curing acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS). We investigated the overall survival (OS) after allo-SCT relapse according to different therapeutic approaches. METHODS We analyzed 134 patients who relapsed after allo-SCT performed between 2015 and 2021 at Saint-Antoine University Hospital, Paris and Spedali Civili di Brescia, Brescia. Of these, 103 (77%) were treated, comprising 69/103 (67%) who received therapy in overt relapse and 34/103 (33%) who were treated in a pre-emptive manner when molecular/cytogenetics recurrence or mixed chimerism occurred. The treatment was donor lymphocyte infusion (DLI)-based for 40/103 (39%) patients. RESULTS The 1-, 2-, and 5-year OS of patients treated with DLI (n = 40) was 67%, 34%, and 34%, respectively, for those treated preventively (n = 20) and 43%, 20%, and 20%, respectively, for those treated in overt relapse (n = 20) (p < 0.01). The 1-, 2-, and 5-year OS of patients treated without DLI (n = 63) was 54%, 40%, and 26%, respectively, for those treated preventively (n = 14) and 17%, 5%, and 0%, respectively, for those treated in overt relapse (n = 49) (p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS Relapse treatment with a pre-emptive strategy was associated with improved outcomes, particularly when DLI was employed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugenia Accorsi Buttini
- Unit of Blood Diseases and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Cell Therapies and Hematology, Research Program, Department of Clinical and Experimental Science, University of Brescia, ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy; (M.M.); (V.R.); (M.G.); (V.R.); (M.F.); (S.B.); (D.R.)
| | - Cristina Doran
- Service d’ Hématologie Clinique et Thérapie Cellulaire, Hôpital Saint Antoine, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CRSA), Sorbonne Université, 75012 Paris, France (E.B.)
| | - Michele Malagola
- Unit of Blood Diseases and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Cell Therapies and Hematology, Research Program, Department of Clinical and Experimental Science, University of Brescia, ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy; (M.M.); (V.R.); (M.G.); (V.R.); (M.F.); (S.B.); (D.R.)
| | - Vera Radici
- Unit of Blood Diseases and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Cell Therapies and Hematology, Research Program, Department of Clinical and Experimental Science, University of Brescia, ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy; (M.M.); (V.R.); (M.G.); (V.R.); (M.F.); (S.B.); (D.R.)
| | - Marco Galli
- Unit of Blood Diseases and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Cell Therapies and Hematology, Research Program, Department of Clinical and Experimental Science, University of Brescia, ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy; (M.M.); (V.R.); (M.G.); (V.R.); (M.F.); (S.B.); (D.R.)
| | - Vicky Rubini
- Unit of Blood Diseases and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Cell Therapies and Hematology, Research Program, Department of Clinical and Experimental Science, University of Brescia, ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy; (M.M.); (V.R.); (M.G.); (V.R.); (M.F.); (S.B.); (D.R.)
| | - Alessandro Leoni
- Research Center Ail (CREA), Department of Clinical and Experimental Science, University of Brescia, ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy; (A.L.); (F.R.)
| | - Mirko Farina
- Unit of Blood Diseases and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Cell Therapies and Hematology, Research Program, Department of Clinical and Experimental Science, University of Brescia, ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy; (M.M.); (V.R.); (M.G.); (V.R.); (M.F.); (S.B.); (D.R.)
| | - Nicola Polverelli
- Division of Hematology, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, 27100 Pavia, Italy;
| | - Federica Re
- Research Center Ail (CREA), Department of Clinical and Experimental Science, University of Brescia, ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy; (A.L.); (F.R.)
| | - Simona Bernardi
- Unit of Blood Diseases and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Cell Therapies and Hematology, Research Program, Department of Clinical and Experimental Science, University of Brescia, ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy; (M.M.); (V.R.); (M.G.); (V.R.); (M.F.); (S.B.); (D.R.)
- Research Center Ail (CREA), Department of Clinical and Experimental Science, University of Brescia, ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy; (A.L.); (F.R.)
| | - Mohamad Mohty
- Service d’ Hématologie Clinique et Thérapie Cellulaire, Hôpital Saint Antoine, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CRSA), Sorbonne Université, 75012 Paris, France (E.B.)
| | - Domenico Russo
- Unit of Blood Diseases and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Cell Therapies and Hematology, Research Program, Department of Clinical and Experimental Science, University of Brescia, ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy; (M.M.); (V.R.); (M.G.); (V.R.); (M.F.); (S.B.); (D.R.)
| | - Eolia Brissot
- Service d’ Hématologie Clinique et Thérapie Cellulaire, Hôpital Saint Antoine, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CRSA), Sorbonne Université, 75012 Paris, France (E.B.)
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Palmieri R, Billio A, Ferrara F, Galimberti S, Lemoli RM, Todisco E, Moretti F, Venditti A. Literature review and expert opinion on the treatment of high-risk acute myeloid leukemia in patients who are eligible for intensive chemotherapy. Front Oncol 2024; 14:1367393. [PMID: 38444680 PMCID: PMC10912626 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1367393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
In patients with Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML), the assessment of disease risk plays a central role in the era of personalized medicine. Indeed, integrating baseline clinical and biological features on a case-by-case basis is not only essential to select which treatment would likely result in a higher probability of achieving complete remission, but also to dynamically customize any subsequent therapeutic intervention. For young high-risk patients with low comorbidities burden and in good general conditions (also called "fit" patients), intensive chemotherapy followed by allogeneic stem cell transplantation still represents the backbone of any therapeutic program. However, with the approval of novel promising agents in both the induction/consolidation and the maintenance setting, the algorithms for the management of AML patients considered eligible for intensive chemotherapy are in constant evolution. In this view, we selected burning issues regarding the identification and management of high-risk AML, aiming to provide practical advice to facilitate their daily clinical management in patients considered eligible for intensive chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raffaele Palmieri
- Hematology, Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Atto Billio
- Division of Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplant (BMT), Hospital S. Maurizio, Bolzano, Italy
| | | | - Sara Galimberti
- Hematology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Roberto M. Lemoli
- Cattedra di Ematologia, Dipartimento di Medicina Interna (DiMI), Università di Genova, Genova, Italy
- Clinica Ematologica, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Todisco
- Struttura Complessa (SC) Ematologia, Ospedale Busto Arsizio, Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale (ASST) Valle Olona, Varese, Italy
| | - Federico Moretti
- Hematology, Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Adriano Venditti
- Hematology, Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
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7
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Liao FY, Wang YL, Wen YC, Chiu CC, Chang TY, Jaing TH. Vitiligo and Alopecia Areata After Donor Lymphocyte Infusions in a Child With Relapsed Acute Myeloid Leukemia. Cureus 2024; 16:e52810. [PMID: 38389613 PMCID: PMC10883748 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.52810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Rarely do patients with chronic graft-versus-host disease (cGVHD) experience vitiligo and alopecia areata. Nevertheless, the exact cause of vitiligo and alopecia areata is still not fully understood. The patient experienced a relapse of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) following a second complete remission after undergoing HLA-6/8 mismatched unrelated donor hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT). Achieving full donor chimerism was successful during the initial stages of the transplant. Nevertheless, the molecular evidence of measurable residual disease remained, prompting the administration of donor lymphocyte infusions (DLI) following a dose-escalation protocol. After three cycles of DLI given at two-month intervals, the circulating blasts eventually vanished. After the third DLI dose, vitiligo developed despite achieving molecular remission. The dermatologist confirmed the presence of vitiligo and alopecia areata, along with cutaneous cGVHD. The outcome was the complete elimination of the molecular presence, and the patient experienced both clinical and molecular remission for a period of five years following DLI. Based on our observations, it was found that DLI could effectively eradicate molecular leukemia in cases of AML relapse after HCT. The development of vitiligo and alopecia areata was influenced by the destruction of melanocytes due to autoimmune reactions caused by cGVHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan-Yu Liao
- Department of Nursing, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, TWN
| | - Yi-Lun Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, TWN
| | - Yu-Chuan Wen
- Department of Nursing, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, TWN
| | - Chia-Chi Chiu
- Department of Nursing, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, TWN
| | - Tsung-Yen Chang
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, TWN
| | - Tang-Her Jaing
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, TWN
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8
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Shah NA. Donor lymphocyte infusion in Acute Myeloid Leukemia. Best Pract Res Clin Haematol 2023; 36:101484. [PMID: 37612002 DOI: 10.1016/j.beha.2023.101484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
Donor lymphocyte infusion (DLI) is an important treatment modality in the management of relapsed hematological malignancies after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (allo-HCT). Donor T lymphocytes can be used in a therapeutic, pre-emptive or prophylactic manner in an attempt to stimulate a graft versus leukemia (GVL) effect and eradicate residual disease or even prevent relapse in a high-risk setting. DLIs are not without complications, however, graft versus host disease (GVHD) in particular. Data to date is limited to retrospective and small prospective studies. This review summarizes the available literature on approaches to managing relapse, dosing and timing of DLI, complications and potential future therapies.
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9
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Kent A, Schwartz M, McMahon C, Amaya M, Smith CA, Tobin J, Marciano K, Rezac R, Bosma G, Pollyea DA, Gutman JA. Venetoclax is safe and tolerable as post-transplant maintenance therapy for AML patients at high risk for relapse. Bone Marrow Transplant 2023; 58:849-854. [PMID: 37185614 DOI: 10.1038/s41409-023-01987-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Relapse is the most common cause of mortality in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients after allogeneic stem cell transplant (SCT). Post-SCT maintenance strategies that prevent relapse are desirable but must be well tolerated and convenient to administer. We hypothesized single agent venetoclax (ven) may be an effective maintenance therapy among high relapse risk patients. Between February 2019 and December 2021, we administered post-SCT ven maintenance to 49 AML patients at high-risk for relapse as a prospectively defined off-label practice at our institution. Ven was planned to be administered until 1-year post-SCT. While temporary interruptions were common (67.3% of all patients), of those with >1 year follow up, 22/25 (88%) completed the full year of planned therapy. Cytopenias (40.8%) and gastrointestinal adverse events (34.7%) were the most common toxicities. At 1-year post-SCT, overall survival (OS) and relapse-free survival (RFS) were 70% and 67% respectively. Our experience demonstrates single agent ven is a safe, tolerable, and feasible maintenance therapy that may improve RFS and OS in high relapse risk post-SCT patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Kent
- The University of Colorado School of Medicine, Division of Hematology, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Marc Schwartz
- The University of Colorado School of Medicine, Division of Hematology, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Christine McMahon
- The University of Colorado School of Medicine, Division of Hematology, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Maria Amaya
- The University of Colorado School of Medicine, Division of Hematology, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Clayton A Smith
- The University of Colorado School of Medicine, Division of Hematology, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Jennifer Tobin
- The University of Colorado School of Medicine, Division of Hematology, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Kelsey Marciano
- The University of Colorado School of Medicine, Division of Hematology, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Rebecca Rezac
- The University of Colorado School of Medicine, Division of Hematology, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Grace Bosma
- The University of Colorado School of Medicine, Division of Hematology, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Daniel A Pollyea
- The University of Colorado School of Medicine, Division of Hematology, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Jonathan A Gutman
- The University of Colorado School of Medicine, Division of Hematology, Aurora, CO, USA.
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10
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Yuan XL, Lai XY, Wu YB, Yang LX, Shi JM, Liu LZ, Yu J, Zhao YM, Zheng WY, He JS, Sun J, Wu WJ, Zhao Y, Ye YS, Cai Z, Huang H, Luo Y. A novel risk model for predicting early relapse in acute myeloid leukemia patients undergoing allogeneic hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation. Bone Marrow Transplant 2023; 58:801-810. [PMID: 37072477 DOI: 10.1038/s41409-023-01979-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/20/2023]
Abstract
Relapse remains the leading cause of death in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients following allogeneic hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation (allo-HSCT), limiting the efficacy of allo-HSCT. Thus, the ability to identify high-risk patients in a manner that permits early intervention has the potential to improve survival outcomes. We retrospectively enrolled 414 younger patients (aged 14-60 years) with AML who received allo-HSCT between January 2014 and May 2020. From June 2020 to June 2021, 110 consecutive patients were included prospectively in the validation cohort. The primary outcome was early relapse (relapse within 1 year). The cumulative incidence of early relapse after allo-HSCT was 11.8%. The overall survival rate for patients who relapsed within 1-year was 4.1% at 3 years after relapse. After multivariable adjustment, statistically significant associations between primary resistance, pre-transplantation measurable residual disease, DNMT3A mutation, or white blood cell count at diagnosis and early relapse were observed. An early relapse prediction model was developed based on these factors and the model performed well. Patients deemed to have a high risk or a low risk of early relapse had early relapse rates of 26.2% and 6.8%, respectively (P < 0.001). The prediction model could be used to help identify patients at risk for early relapse and to guide personalized relapse prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Lin Yuan
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University Medical Center, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Province Engineering Laboratory for Stem Cell and Immunity Therapy, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Yu Lai
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University Medical Center, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Province Engineering Laboratory for Stem Cell and Immunity Therapy, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yi-Bo Wu
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University Medical Center, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Province Engineering Laboratory for Stem Cell and Immunity Therapy, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lu-Xin Yang
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University Medical Center, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Province Engineering Laboratory for Stem Cell and Immunity Therapy, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ji-Min Shi
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University Medical Center, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Province Engineering Laboratory for Stem Cell and Immunity Therapy, Hangzhou, China
| | - Li-Zhen Liu
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University Medical Center, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Province Engineering Laboratory for Stem Cell and Immunity Therapy, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jian Yu
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University Medical Center, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Province Engineering Laboratory for Stem Cell and Immunity Therapy, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yan-Min Zhao
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University Medical Center, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Province Engineering Laboratory for Stem Cell and Immunity Therapy, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wei-Yan Zheng
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University Medical Center, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Province Engineering Laboratory for Stem Cell and Immunity Therapy, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jing-Song He
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University Medical Center, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Province Engineering Laboratory for Stem Cell and Immunity Therapy, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jie Sun
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University Medical Center, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Province Engineering Laboratory for Stem Cell and Immunity Therapy, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wen-Jun Wu
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University Medical Center, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Province Engineering Laboratory for Stem Cell and Immunity Therapy, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yi Zhao
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University Medical Center, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Province Engineering Laboratory for Stem Cell and Immunity Therapy, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yi-Shan Ye
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University Medical Center, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Province Engineering Laboratory for Stem Cell and Immunity Therapy, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhen Cai
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University Medical Center, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Province Engineering Laboratory for Stem Cell and Immunity Therapy, Hangzhou, China
| | - He Huang
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
- Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University Medical Center, Hangzhou, China.
- Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
- Zhejiang Province Engineering Laboratory for Stem Cell and Immunity Therapy, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Yi Luo
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
- Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University Medical Center, Hangzhou, China.
- Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
- Zhejiang Province Engineering Laboratory for Stem Cell and Immunity Therapy, Hangzhou, China.
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11
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Kirkham AM, Bailey AJM, Masurekar A, Shorr R, Bredeson C, Sabloff M, Allan DS. Can GCSF-stimulated donor lymphocyte infusions improve outcomes for relapsed disease following allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation? A systematic review and meta-analysis. Leuk Lymphoma 2022; 63:3276-3287. [PMID: 36098248 DOI: 10.1080/10428194.2022.2118530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Donor lymphocyte infusions (DLI) can produce graft-versus tumor effects to treat relapse after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation, however, durable responses remain uncommon. A systematic review and meta-analysis are needed to clarify whether DLI collected after stimulation with granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (GCSF; G-DLI) can improve clinical outcomes. Sixteen studies (4 controlled) involving 585 patients were identified in a systematic search up to 17 September 2020. A meta-analysis demonstrated no significant difference in the risk of all-cause mortality (RR: 0.94, 95% CI 0.52-1.68, p = 0.82; n = 3 studies) or relapse-related mortality (RR: 0.72, 0.44-1.18, p = 0.19; n = 3 studies) between G-DLI and conventional DLI (C-DLI) groups. G-DLI products had similar mean CD3+ cells compared to C-DLI products, but median CD34+ cells/kg were increased. No improvement in disease progression, complete response rates, or risk of developing GVHD was observed with G-DLI, however, greater non-relapse mortality was observed compared to C-DLI. Alternative approaches to enhancing graft-versus-tumor effects are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aidan M Kirkham
- Clinical Epidemiology & Regenerative Medicine, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada.,Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology & Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Adrian J M Bailey
- Clinical Epidemiology & Regenerative Medicine, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Ashish Masurekar
- Clinical Epidemiology & Regenerative Medicine, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada.,Transplant and Cellular Therapy Division, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Canada.,Department of Medicine, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Risa Shorr
- Medical Information and Learning Services Division, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Christopher Bredeson
- Clinical Epidemiology & Regenerative Medicine, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada.,Transplant and Cellular Therapy Division, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Canada.,Department of Medicine, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Mitchell Sabloff
- Clinical Epidemiology & Regenerative Medicine, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada.,Department of Medicine, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Canada.,Leukemia Program, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Canada
| | - David S Allan
- Clinical Epidemiology & Regenerative Medicine, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada.,Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology & Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada.,Transplant and Cellular Therapy Division, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Canada.,Department of Medicine, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Canada
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12
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Harrer DC, Heidenreich M, Fante MA, Müller V, Haehnel V, Offner R, Burkhardt R, Herr W, Edinger M, Wolff D, Thomas S, Brosig A. Apheresis for chimeric antigen receptor T‐cell production in adult lymphoma patients. Transfusion 2022; 62:1602-1611. [DOI: 10.1111/trf.17030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dennis Christoph Harrer
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Hematology and Oncology University Hospital Regensburg Regensburg Germany
| | - Martin Heidenreich
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Hematology and Oncology University Hospital Regensburg Regensburg Germany
| | - Matthias Alexander Fante
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Hematology and Oncology University Hospital Regensburg Regensburg Germany
| | - Viktoria Müller
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry, Laboratory Medicine and Transfusion Medicine University Hospital Regensburg Regensburg Germany
| | - Viola Haehnel
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry, Laboratory Medicine and Transfusion Medicine University Hospital Regensburg Regensburg Germany
| | - Robert Offner
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry, Laboratory Medicine and Transfusion Medicine University Hospital Regensburg Regensburg Germany
| | - Ralph Burkhardt
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry, Laboratory Medicine and Transfusion Medicine University Hospital Regensburg Regensburg Germany
| | - Wolfgang Herr
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Hematology and Oncology University Hospital Regensburg Regensburg Germany
| | - Matthias Edinger
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Hematology and Oncology University Hospital Regensburg Regensburg Germany
| | - Daniel Wolff
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Hematology and Oncology University Hospital Regensburg Regensburg Germany
| | - Simone Thomas
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Hematology and Oncology University Hospital Regensburg Regensburg Germany
- Leibniz Institute for Immunotherapy Division of Genetic‐Immunotherapy Regensburg Germany
| | - Andreas Brosig
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry, Laboratory Medicine and Transfusion Medicine University Hospital Regensburg Regensburg Germany
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13
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Cao XY, Li JJ, Lu PH, Liu KY. Efficacy and safety of CD19 CAR-T cell therapy for acute lymphoblastic leukemia patients relapsed after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Int J Hematol 2022; 116:315-329. [PMID: 35737192 DOI: 10.1007/s12185-022-03398-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) is an effective therapy for B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL). Although allo-HSCT can be curative for some B-ALL patients, relapse still occurs in some patients following allo-HSCT. Conventional chemotherapies show poor efficacy in B-ALL patients who have relapsed following allo-HSCT. In the past decade, chimeric antigen receptor T-cell (CAR-T) therapy has shown to be efficacious for B-ALL patients. In particular, autologous CD19 CAR-T therapy results in a high remission rate. However, there are challenges in the use of CD19 CAR-T therapy for B-ALL patients who have relapsed following allo-HSCT, including the selection of CAR-T cell source for manufacturing, post-CAR-T graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) risk, maintenance of long-term efficacy after remission through CAR-T therapy, and whether a consolidative second transplant is needed. In this review, we describe the current status of CAR-T therapy for B-ALL patients who have relapsed following allo-HSCT, the advantages and disadvantages of various CAR-T cell sources, the characteristics and management of GVHD following CAR-T therapy, and the risk factors that may affect long-term efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing-Yu Cao
- Hebei Yanda Lu Daopei Hospital, Langfang, Hebei, China.,Beijing Lu Daopei Institute of Hematology, Beijing, China
| | - Jing-Jing Li
- Hebei Yanda Lu Daopei Hospital, Langfang, Hebei, China.,Beijing Lu Daopei Institute of Hematology, Beijing, China
| | - Pei-Hua Lu
- Hebei Yanda Lu Daopei Hospital, Langfang, Hebei, China. .,Beijing Lu Daopei Institute of Hematology, Beijing, China.
| | - Kai-Yan Liu
- Beijing Lu Daopei Institute of Hematology, Beijing, China. .,Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China.
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