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Tang H, Li YX, Lian JJ, Ng HY, Wang SSY. Personalized treatment using predictive biomarkers in solid organ malignancies: A review. TUMORI JOURNAL 2024:3008916241261484. [PMID: 39091157 DOI: 10.1177/03008916241261484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
In recent years, the influence of specific biomarkers in the diagnosis and prognosis of solid organ malignancies has been increasingly prominent. The relevance of the use of predictive biomarkers, which predict cancer response to specific forms of treatment provided, is playing a more significant role than ever before, as it affects diagnosis and initiation of treatment, monitoring for efficacy and side effects of treatment, and adjustment in treatment regimen in the long term. In the current review, we explored the use of predictive biomarkers in the treatment of solid organ malignancies, including common cancers such as colorectal cancer, breast cancer, lung cancer, prostate cancer, and cancers associated with high mortalities, such as pancreatic cancer, liver cancer, kidney cancer and cancers of the central nervous system. We additionally analyzed the goals and types of personalized treatment using predictive biomarkers, and the management of various types of solid organ malignancies using predictive biomarkers and their relative efficacies so far in the clinical settings.
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Garg P, Singhal S, Kulkarni P, Horne D, Malhotra J, Salgia R, Singhal SS. Advances in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: Current Insights and Future Directions. J Clin Med 2024; 13:4189. [PMID: 39064229 PMCID: PMC11278207 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13144189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2024] [Revised: 07/11/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The leading cause of cancer deaths worldwide is attributed to non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), necessitating a continual focus on improving the diagnosis and treatment of this disease. In this review, the latest breakthroughs and emerging trends in managing NSCLC are highlighted. Major advancements in diagnostic methods, including better imaging technologies and the utilization of molecular biomarkers, are discussed. These advancements have greatly enhanced early detection and personalized treatment plans. Significant improvements in patient outcomes have been achieved by new targeted therapies and immunotherapies, providing new hope for individuals with advanced NSCLC. This review discusses the persistent challenges in accessing advanced treatments and their associated costs despite recent progress. Promising research into new therapies, such as CAR-T cell therapy and oncolytic viruses, which could further revolutionize NSCLC treatment, is also highlighted. This review aims to inform and inspire continued efforts to improve outcomes for NSCLC patients globally, by offering a comprehensive overview of the current state of NSCLC treatment and future possibilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pankaj Garg
- Department of Chemistry, GLA University, Mathura 281406, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sulabh Singhal
- Department of Internal Medicine, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Prakash Kulkarni
- Departments of Medical Oncology & Therapeutics Research, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Comprehensive Cancer Center and National Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - David Horne
- Departments of Molecular Medicine, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Comprehensive Cancer Center and National Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Jyoti Malhotra
- Departments of Medical Oncology & Therapeutics Research, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Comprehensive Cancer Center and National Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Ravi Salgia
- Departments of Medical Oncology & Therapeutics Research, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Comprehensive Cancer Center and National Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Sharad S. Singhal
- Departments of Medical Oncology & Therapeutics Research, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Comprehensive Cancer Center and National Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
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3
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Fan Y, Zhang C, Hu X, Huang Z, Xue J, Deng L. SGCLDGA: unveiling drug-gene associations through simple graph contrastive learning. Brief Bioinform 2024; 25:bbae231. [PMID: 38754409 PMCID: PMC11097980 DOI: 10.1093/bib/bbae231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Drug repurposing offers a viable strategy for discovering new drugs and therapeutic targets through the analysis of drug-gene interactions. However, traditional experimental methods are plagued by their costliness and inefficiency. Despite graph convolutional network (GCN)-based models' state-of-the-art performance in prediction, their reliance on supervised learning makes them vulnerable to data sparsity, a common challenge in drug discovery, further complicating model development. In this study, we propose SGCLDGA, a novel computational model leveraging graph neural networks and contrastive learning to predict unknown drug-gene associations. SGCLDGA employs GCNs to extract vector representations of drugs and genes from the original bipartite graph. Subsequently, singular value decomposition (SVD) is employed to enhance the graph and generate multiple views. The model performs contrastive learning across these views, optimizing vector representations through a contrastive loss function to better distinguish positive and negative samples. The final step involves utilizing inner product calculations to determine association scores between drugs and genes. Experimental results on the DGIdb4.0 dataset demonstrate SGCLDGA's superior performance compared with six state-of-the-art methods. Ablation studies and case analyses validate the significance of contrastive learning and SVD, highlighting SGCLDGA's potential in discovering new drug-gene associations. The code and dataset for SGCLDGA are freely available at https://github.com/one-melon/SGCLDGA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhao Fan
- School of Computer Science and Engineering, Central South University, 410075, Changsha, China
| | - Che Zhang
- School of software, Xinjiang University, 830046, Urumqi, China
| | - Xiaowen Hu
- School of Computer Science and Engineering, Central South University, 410075, Changsha, China
| | - Zhijian Huang
- School of Computer Science and Engineering, Central South University, 410075, Changsha, China
| | - Jiameng Xue
- School of Computer Science and Engineering, Central South University, 410075, Changsha, China
| | - Lei Deng
- School of Computer Science and Engineering, Central South University, 410075, Changsha, China
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Salmani-Javan E, Farhoudi Sefidan Jadid M, Zarghami N. Recent advances in molecular targeted therapy of lung cancer: Possible application in translation medicine. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF BASIC MEDICAL SCIENCES 2024; 27:122-133. [PMID: 38234663 PMCID: PMC10790298 DOI: 10.22038/ijbms.2023.72407.15749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Lung cancer is one of the leading causes of death among all cancer deaths. This cancer is classified into two different histological subtypes: non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), which is the most common subtype, and small cell lung cancer (SCLC), which is the most aggressive subtype. Understanding the molecular characteristics of lung cancer has expanded our knowledge of the cellular origins and molecular pathways affected by each of these subtypes and has contributed to the development of new therapies. Traditional treatments for lung cancer include surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy. Advances in understanding the nature and specificity of lung cancer have led to the development of immunotherapy, which is the newest and most specialized treatment in the treatment of lung cancer. Each of these treatments has advantages and disadvantages and causes side effects. Today, combination therapy for lung cancer reduces side effects and increases the speed of recovery. Despite the significant progress that has been made in the treatment of lung cancer in the last decade, further research into new drugs and combination therapies is needed to extend the clinical benefits and improve outcomes in lung cancer. In this review article, we discussed common lung cancer treatments and their combinations from the most advanced to the newest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elnaz Salmani-Javan
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mahdi Farhoudi Sefidan Jadid
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Nosratollah Zarghami
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul Aydin University, Istanbul, Turkey
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5
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Cai X, Lv Y, Pan J, Cao Z, Zhang J, Li Y, Zheng H. CBX8 Promotes Epithelial-mesenchymal Transition, Migration, and Invasion of Lung Cancer through Wnt/β-catenin Signaling Pathway. Curr Protein Pept Sci 2024; 25:386-393. [PMID: 38265409 DOI: 10.2174/0113892037273375231204080906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lung cancer (LC) is primarily responsible for cancer-related deaths worldwide. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a process in which epithelial cells acquire mesenchymal features and is associated with the development of tumors. CBX8, a member of the PcG protein family, plays a critical role in various cancers, containing LC. However, specific regulatory mechanisms of CBX8 in LC progression are not fully understood. This study aimed to investigate the regulatory role of CBX8 in LC progression. METHODS Bioinformatics was used to analyze the relationship between CBX8 level and tumor and the enrichment pathway of CBX8 enrichment. qRT-PCR was used to detect the differential expression of CBX8 in LC cells and normal lung epithelial cells. The effects of knockdown or overexpression of CBX8 on the proliferation, migration and invasion of LC cells were evaluated by CCK- -8 assay and Transwell assay, and the levels of proteins associated with the EMT pathway and Wnt/ β-catenin signaling pathway were detected by western blot. RESULTS Bioinformatics analysis revealed that CBX8 was highly expressed in LC and enriched on the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. The expression level of CBX8 was significantly elevated in LC cells. Knockdown of CBX8 significantly inhibited cell proliferation, migration and invasion, and decreased the expression levels of EMT-related proteins and Wnt/β-catenin pathway-related proteins. Conversely, overexpression of CBX8 promoted cell proliferation, migration and invasion, and increased the expression levels of EMT-related proteins and Wnt/β-catenin pathway-related proteins. The Wnt inhibitor IWP-4 alleviated the effects produced by overexpression of CBX8. CONCLUSION Collectively, these data demonstrated that CBX8 induced EMT through Wnt/β-- catenin signaling, driving migration and invasion of LC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoping Cai
- Department of Respiratory, Six affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Lishui People's Hospital, Lishui 323000, China
| | - Yuankai Lv
- Department of Respiratory, Six affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Lishui People's Hospital, Lishui 323000, China
| | - Jiongwei Pan
- Department of Respiratory, Six affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Lishui People's Hospital, Lishui 323000, China
| | - Zhuo Cao
- Department of Respiratory, Six affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Lishui People's Hospital, Lishui 323000, China
| | - Junzhi Zhang
- Department of Respiratory, Six affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Lishui People's Hospital, Lishui 323000, China
| | - Yuling Li
- Department of Respiratory, Six affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Lishui People's Hospital, Lishui 323000, China
| | - Hao Zheng
- Department of Respiratory, Six affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Lishui People's Hospital, Lishui 323000, China
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He H, Wu Z, Hu Q, Peng M. Robotic-assisted thoracoscopic lobectomy for synchronous pulmonary sequestration and adenocarcinoma: A case report. Int J Med Robot 2023; 19:e2543. [PMID: 37381705 DOI: 10.1002/rcs.2543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2023] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pulmonary sequestration (PS) is a congenital pulmonary malformation. Adenocarcinoma arising in PS is extremely rare. METHODS AND RESULTS We present the first reported case of synchronous intralobar PS and lung adenocarcinoma in the right lower lobe, which was successfully treated using robotic-assisted thoracic surgery (RATS). The robotic system allowed for easy identification, clipping, and dissection of the abnormal artery, highlighting its benefits over traditional surgical approaches. CONCLUSIONS This case underscores the importance of considering the possibility of coexisting lung cancer in patients with a clinical diagnosis of PS and demonstrates the safety and efficacy of RATS in managing this rare condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao He
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zeyu Wu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Qikang Hu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Muyun Peng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
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Al-Wahaibi LH, Hisham M, Abou-Zied HA, Hassan HA, Youssif BGM, Bräse S, Hayallah AM, Abdel-Aziz M. Quinazolin-4-one/3-cyanopyridin-2-one Hybrids as Dual Inhibitors of EGFR and BRAF V600E: Design, Synthesis, and Antiproliferative Activity. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:1522. [PMID: 38004388 PMCID: PMC10674657 DOI: 10.3390/ph16111522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
A novel series of hybrid compounds comprising quinazolin-4-one and 3-cyanopyridin-2-one structures has been developed, with dual inhibitory actions on both EGFR and BRAFV600E. These hybrid compounds were tested in vitro against four different cancer cell lines. Compounds 8, 9, 18, and 19 inhibited cell proliferation significantly in the four cancer cells, with GI50 values ranging from 1.20 to 1.80 µM when compared to Doxorubicin (GI50 = 1.10 µM). Within this group of hybrids, compounds 18 and 19 exhibited substantial inhibition of EGFR and BRAFV600E. Molecular docking investigations provided confirmation that compounds 18 and 19 possess the capability to inhibit EGFR and BRAFV600E. Moreover, computational ADMET prediction indicated that most of the newly synthesized hybrids have low toxicity and minimal side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lamya H. Al-Wahaibi
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 11564, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Mohamed Hisham
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Deraya University, Universities Zone, New Minia City 61111, Egypt; (M.H.); (H.A.A.-Z.)
| | - Hesham A. Abou-Zied
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Deraya University, Universities Zone, New Minia City 61111, Egypt; (M.H.); (H.A.A.-Z.)
| | - Heba A. Hassan
- Medicinal Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia 61519, Egypt; (H.A.H.); (M.A.-A.)
| | - Bahaa G. M. Youssif
- Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut 71526, Egypt
| | - Stefan Bräse
- Institute of Biological and Chemical Systems, IBCS-FMS, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Alaa M. Hayallah
- Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut 71526, Egypt
- Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Sphinx University, Assiut 71515, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Abdel-Aziz
- Medicinal Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia 61519, Egypt; (H.A.H.); (M.A.-A.)
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XIAO P, ZHONG D. [Research Progress of BRAF Fusion in Non-small Cell Lung Cancer]. ZHONGGUO FEI AI ZA ZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF LUNG CANCER 2023; 26:782-788. [PMID: 37989341 PMCID: PMC10663773 DOI: 10.3779/j.issn.1009-3419.2023.101.28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
In advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), V-Raf murine sarcoma viral oncogene homolog B1 (BRAF) mutation is highly malignant and has poor prognosis, and currently Dabrafenib in combination with Trametinib is approved for first-line treatment of patients with BRAF V600 mutation. In addition to mutations, BRAF fusion can also occur. With the development of gene detection, the detection of BRAF fusion is gradually increasing, but there is a lack of effective therapeutic strategies for BRAF fusion. In this paper, we review the clinical characteristics, mechanism of action, and clinical treatment of BRAF fusion to provide a basis for the treatment of BRAF fusion in NSCLC patients.
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Janzic U, Shalata W, Szymczak K, Dziadziuszko R, Jakopovic M, Mountzios G, Płużański A, Araujo A, Charpidou A, Agbarya A. Real-World Experience in Treatment of Patients with Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer with BRAF or cMET Exon 14 Skipping Mutations. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12840. [PMID: 37629023 PMCID: PMC10454089 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241612840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2023] [Revised: 08/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BRAF and cMET exon 14 skipping are rare mutations of NSCLC. The treatment sequence in these cases for the first and second line is not clear. An international registry was created for patients with advanced NSCLC harboring BRAF or cMET exon 14 skipping mutations, diagnosed from January 2017 to June 2022. Clinicopathological and molecular data and treatment patterns were recorded. Data on 58 patients, from eight centers across five countries, were included in the final analysis. We found that 40 patients had the cMET exon 14 skipping mutation and 18 had the BRAF V600E mutation. In total, 53 and 28 patients received first- and second-line treatments, respectively, among which 52.8% received targeted therapy (TT) in the first line and 53.5% in the second line. The overall response rate (ORR) and disease control rate (DCR) for first-line treatment with TT vs. other treatment such as immune checkpoint inhibitors ± chemotherapy (IO ± CT) were 55.6% vs. 21.7% (p = 0.0084) and 66.7% vs. 39.1% (p = 0.04), respectively. The type of treatment in first-line TT vs. other affected time to treatment discontinuation (TTD) was 11.6 m vs. 4.6 m (p= 0.006). The overall survival for the whole group was 15.4 m and was not statistically affected by the type of treatment (19.2 m vs. 13.5 m; p = 0.83).
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Affiliation(s)
- Urska Janzic
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Clinic Golnik, 4204 Golnik, Slovenia
- Medical Faculty Ljubljana, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Walid Shalata
- The Legacy Heritage Cancer Center & Dr. Larry Norton Institute, Soroka Medical Center, Ben Gurion University, Beer Sheva 84105, Israel
| | - Katarzyna Szymczak
- Department of Oncology and Radiotherapy and Early Phase Clinical Trials Centre, Medical University of Gdańsk, 80-210 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Rafał Dziadziuszko
- Department of Oncology and Radiotherapy and Early Phase Clinical Trials Centre, Medical University of Gdańsk, 80-210 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Marko Jakopovic
- Department for Respiratory Diseases Jordanovac, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Giannis Mountzios
- Clinical Trials Unit, Fourth Oncology Department, Henry Dunant Hospital Center, 115 26 Athens, Greece
| | - Adam Płużański
- Department of Lung Cancer and Chest Tumours, The Maria Skłodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, 00-001 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Antonio Araujo
- Department of Medical Oncology, CHUPorto—University Hospitalar Center of Porto, 4099-001 Porto, Portugal
| | - Andriani Charpidou
- Oncology Unit, 3rd Department of Medicine, “Sotiria” Hospital for Diseases of the Chest, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 106 79 Athens, Greece
| | - Abed Agbarya
- Department of Oncology, Bnai-Zion Medical Center, 47 Golomb Avenue, Haifa 31048, Israel
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Choudhary N, Bawari S, Burcher JT, Sinha D, Tewari D, Bishayee A. Targeting Cell Signaling Pathways in Lung Cancer by Bioactive Phytocompounds. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:3980. [PMID: 37568796 PMCID: PMC10417502 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15153980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is a heterogeneous group of malignancies with high incidence worldwide. It is the most frequently occurring cancer in men and the second most common in women. Due to its frequent diagnosis and variable response to treatment, lung cancer was reported as the top cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide in 2020. Many aberrant signaling cascades are implicated in the pathogenesis of lung cancer, including those involved in apoptosis (B cell lymphoma protein, Bcl-2-associated X protein, first apoptosis signal ligand), growth inhibition (tumor suppressor protein or gene and serine/threonine kinase 11), and growth promotion (epidermal growth factor receptor/proto-oncogenes/phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase). Accordingly, these pathways and their signaling molecules have become promising targets for chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic agents. Recent research provides compelling evidence for the use of plant-based compounds, known collectively as phytochemicals, as anticancer agents. This review discusses major contributing signaling pathways involved in the pathophysiology of lung cancer, as well as currently available treatments and prospective drug candidates. The anticancer potential of naturally occurring bioactive compounds in the context of lung cancer is also discussed, with critical analysis of their mechanistic actions presented by preclinical and clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neeraj Choudhary
- Department of Pharmacognosy, GNA School of Pharmacy, GNA University, Phagwara 144 401, India
| | - Sweta Bawari
- Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University, Noida 201 301, India
| | - Jack T. Burcher
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Bradenton, FL 34211, USA
| | - Dona Sinha
- Department of Receptor Biology and Tumor Metastasis, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, Kolkata 700 026, India
| | - Devesh Tewari
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University, New Delhi 110 017, India
| | - Anupam Bishayee
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Bradenton, FL 34211, USA
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11
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Castillo DR, Jeon WJ, Park D, Pham B, Yang C, Joung B, Moon JH, Lee J, Chong EG, Park K, Reeves ME, Duerksen-Hughes P, Mirshahidi HR, Mirshahidi S. Comprehensive Review: Unveiling the Pro-Oncogenic Roles of IL-1ß and PD-1/PD-L1 in NSCLC Development and Targeting Their Pathways for Clinical Management. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11547. [PMID: 37511306 PMCID: PMC10380530 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241411547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
In the past decade, targeted therapies for solid tumors, including non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), have advanced significantly, offering tailored treatment options for patients. However, individuals without targetable mutations pose a clinical challenge, as they may not respond to standard treatments like immune-checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) and novel targeted therapies. While the mechanism of action of ICIs seems promising, the lack of a robust response limits their widespread use. Although the expression levels of programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) on tumor cells are used to predict ICI response, identifying new biomarkers, particularly those associated with the tumor microenvironment (TME), is crucial to address this unmet need. Recently, inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) have emerged as a key area of focus and hold significant potential implications for future clinical practice. Combinatorial approaches of IL-1β inhibitors and ICIs may provide a potential therapeutic modality for NSCLC patients without targetable mutations. Recent advancements in our understanding of the intricate relationship between inflammation and oncogenesis, particularly involving the IL-1β/PD-1/PD-L1 pathway, have shed light on their application in lung cancer development and clinical outcomes of patients. Targeting these pathways in cancers like NSCLC holds immense potential to revolutionize cancer treatment, particularly for patients lacking targetable genetic mutations. However, despite these promising prospects, there remain certain aspects of this pathway that require further investigation, particularly regarding treatment resistance. Therefore, the objective of this review is to delve into the role of IL-1β in NSCLC, its participation in inflammatory pathways, and its intricate crosstalk with the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway. Additionally, we aim to explore the potential of IL-1β as a therapeutic target for NSCLC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dani Ran Castillo
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Loma Linda University Cancer Center, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA; (D.R.C.); (E.G.C.); (M.E.R.); (H.R.M.)
| | - Won Jin Jeon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA; (W.J.J.); (B.P.); (B.J.); (J.H.M.)
| | - Daniel Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of San Francisco-Fresno, Fresno, CA 93701, USA;
| | - Bryan Pham
- Department of Internal Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA; (W.J.J.); (B.P.); (B.J.); (J.H.M.)
| | - Chieh Yang
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA;
| | - Bowon Joung
- Department of Internal Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA; (W.J.J.); (B.P.); (B.J.); (J.H.M.)
| | - Jin Hyun Moon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA; (W.J.J.); (B.P.); (B.J.); (J.H.M.)
| | - Jae Lee
- School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA;
| | - Esther G. Chong
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Loma Linda University Cancer Center, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA; (D.R.C.); (E.G.C.); (M.E.R.); (H.R.M.)
| | - Kiwon Park
- Department of Pharmacy, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA;
| | - Mark E. Reeves
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Loma Linda University Cancer Center, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA; (D.R.C.); (E.G.C.); (M.E.R.); (H.R.M.)
| | - Penelope Duerksen-Hughes
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Medicine & Basic Sciences, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA;
| | - Hamid R. Mirshahidi
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Loma Linda University Cancer Center, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA; (D.R.C.); (E.G.C.); (M.E.R.); (H.R.M.)
| | - Saied Mirshahidi
- Biospecimen Laboratory, Loma Linda University Cancer Center, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA
- Division of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Department of Medicine & Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda 92350, CA, USA
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12
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Restrepo JC, Dueñas D, Corredor Z, Liscano Y. Advances in Genomic Data and Biomarkers: Revolutionizing NSCLC Diagnosis and Treatment. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:3474. [PMID: 37444584 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15133474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is a significant public health concern with high mortality rates. Recent advancements in genomic data, bioinformatics tools, and the utilization of biomarkers have improved the possibilities for early diagnosis, effective treatment, and follow-up in NSCLC. Biomarkers play a crucial role in precision medicine by providing measurable indicators of disease characteristics, enabling tailored treatment strategies. The integration of big data and artificial intelligence (AI) further enhances the potential for personalized medicine through advanced biomarker analysis. However, challenges remain in the impact of new biomarkers on mortality and treatment efficacy due to limited evidence. Data analysis, interpretation, and the adoption of precision medicine approaches in clinical practice pose additional challenges and emphasize the integration of biomarkers with advanced technologies such as genomic data analysis and artificial intelligence (AI), which enhance the potential of precision medicine in NSCLC. Despite these obstacles, the integration of biomarkers into precision medicine has shown promising results in NSCLC, improving patient outcomes and enabling targeted therapies. Continued research and advancements in biomarker discovery, utilization, and evidence generation are necessary to overcome these challenges and further enhance the efficacy of precision medicine. Addressing these obstacles will contribute to the continued improvement of patient outcomes in non-small cell lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Carlos Restrepo
- Grupo de Investigación en Salud Integral (GISI), Departamento Facultad de Salud, Universidad Santiago de Cali, Cali 760035, Colombia
| | - Diana Dueñas
- Grupo de Investigación en Salud Integral (GISI), Departamento Facultad de Salud, Universidad Santiago de Cali, Cali 760035, Colombia
| | - Zuray Corredor
- Grupo de Investigaciones en Odontología (GIOD), Facultad de Odontología, Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia, Pasto 520002, Colombia
- Facultad de Salud, Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Libre, Cali 760026, Colombia
| | - Yamil Liscano
- Grupo de Investigación en Salud Integral (GISI), Departamento Facultad de Salud, Universidad Santiago de Cali, Cali 760035, Colombia
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Ahn HY, Lee CH, Lee MK, Eom JS, Jeong YJ, Kim YD, Cho JS, Lee J, Lee SJ, Shin DH, Kim A. BRAF V600E Mutation of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer in Korean Patients. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2023; 59:1085. [PMID: 37374289 DOI: 10.3390/medicina59061085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 05/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: BRAF mutational status in resected non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in the Korean population is poorly understood. We explored BRAF (particularly BRAF V600E) mutational status among Korean patients with NSCLC. Materials and Methods: This study included 378 patients with resected primary NSCLC who were enrolled from January 2015 to December 2017. The authors obtained formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue blocks and performed peptide nucleic acid (PNA)-clamping polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for detecting BRAF V600, real-time PCR for detecting BRAF V600E, and immunohistochemical analyses using the mutation-specific Ventana VE1 monoclonal antibody. For positive cases in any methods mentioned above, direct Sanger sequencing was additionally performed. Results: The PNA-clamping method revealed the BRAF V600 mutation in 5 (1.3%) of the 378 patients. Among these five patients, real-time PCR, direct Sanger sequencing detected BRAF V600E mutations in three (0.8%) patients. Thus, two cases showed differences in their PNA-clamping and the others. Direct Sanger sequencing of PNA-clamping PCR product was performed for two cases showing negative results on direct Sanger sequencing; both contained BRAF mutations other than V600E. All patients harboring BRAF mutations had adenocarcinomas, and all patients with V600E mutation exhibited minor micropapillary components. Conclusions: Despite the low incidence of the BRAF mutation among Korean patients with NSCLC, lung adenocarcinoma patients with micropapillary components should be prioritized in terms of BRAF mutation testing. Immunohistochemical staining using Ventana VE1 antibody may serve as a screening examination for BRAF V600E.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyo Yeong Ahn
- School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Beomeori, Mulgeum-eop, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan 49241, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Hun Lee
- School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Beomeori, Mulgeum-eop, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea
- Department of Pathology, Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan 49241, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Ki Lee
- School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Beomeori, Mulgeum-eop, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan 49241, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Seop Eom
- School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Beomeori, Mulgeum-eop, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan 49241, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeon Joo Jeong
- School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Beomeori, Mulgeum-eop, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea
- Department of Radiology, Biomedical Research Institute, Yangsan Pusan National University Hospital, Busan 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeong Dae Kim
- School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Beomeori, Mulgeum-eop, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan 49241, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Su Cho
- School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Beomeori, Mulgeum-eop, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan 49241, Republic of Korea
| | - Jonggeun Lee
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan 49241, Republic of Korea
| | - So Jeong Lee
- Department of Pathology, Seegene Medical Center, Busan 48792, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Hoon Shin
- School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Beomeori, Mulgeum-eop, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea
- Department of Pathology, Biomedical Research Institute, Yangsan Pusan National University Hospital, Busan 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Ahrong Kim
- School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Beomeori, Mulgeum-eop, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea
- Department of Pathology, Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan 49241, Republic of Korea
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Grodzka A, Knopik-Skrocka A, Kowalska K, Kurzawa P, Krzyzaniak M, Stencel K, Bryl M. Molecular alterations of driver genes in non-small cell lung cancer: from diagnostics to targeted therapy. EXCLI JOURNAL 2023; 22:415-432. [PMID: 37346803 PMCID: PMC10279966 DOI: 10.17179/excli2023-6122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death all over the world. The majority (80-85 %) of lung cancer cases are classified as non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Within NSCLC, adenocarcinoma (AC) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) are the most often recognized. The histological and immunohistochemical examination of NSCLC is a basic diagnostic tool, but insufficient for comprehensive therapeutic decisions. In some NSCLC patients, mainly adenocarcinoma, molecular alterations in driver genes, like EGFR, KRAS, HER2, ALK, MET, BRAF, RET, ROS1, and NTRK are recognized. The frequency of some of those changes is different depending on race, and between smokers and non-smokers. The molecular diagnostics of NSCLC using modern methods, like next-generation sequencing, is essential in estimating targeted, personalized therapy. In recent years, a breakthrough in understanding the importance of molecular studies for the precise treatment of NSCLC has been observed. Many new drugs were approved, including tyrosine kinase and immune checkpoint inhibitors. Clinical trials testing novel molecules like miRNAs and trials with CAR-T cells (chimeric antigen receptor - T cells) dedicated to NSCLC patients are ongoing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Grodzka
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University of Poznan, Poland
| | | | - Katarzyna Kowalska
- Department of Oncological Pathology, University Clinical Hospital in Poznan, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poland
| | - Pawel Kurzawa
- Department of Oncological Pathology, University Clinical Hospital in Poznan, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poland
- Department of Clinical Pathology and Immunology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poland
| | - Monika Krzyzaniak
- Department of Oncological Pathology, University Clinical Hospital in Poznan, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Stencel
- Department of Clinical Oncology with the Subdepartment of Diurnal Chemotherapy, E. J. Zeyland Wielkopolska Center of Pulmonology and Thoracic Surgery, Poznan, Poland
| | - Maciej Bryl
- Department of Clinical Oncology with the Subdepartment of Diurnal Chemotherapy, E. J. Zeyland Wielkopolska Center of Pulmonology and Thoracic Surgery, Poznan, Poland
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15
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Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Treatment with Molecularly Targeted Therapy and Concurrent Radiotherapy—A Review. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065858. [PMID: 36982933 PMCID: PMC10052930 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is the leading cause of death worldwide for both men and women. Surgery can be offered as a radical treatment at stages I and II and selected cases of stage III (III A). Whereas at more advanced stages, combined modalities of treatment are applied: radiochemotherapy (IIIB) and molecularly targeted treatment (small molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitors, VEGF receptor inhibitors, monoclonal antibodies, and immunological treatment with monoclonal antibodies). Combination treatment, composed of radiotherapy and molecular therapy, is increasingly employed in locally advanced and metastatic lung cancer management. Recent studies have indicated a synergistic effect of such treatment and modification of immune response. The combination of immunotherapy and radiotherapy may result in the enhancement of the abscopal effect. Anti-angiogenic therapy, in combination with RT, is associated with high toxicity and should be not recommended. In this paper, the authors discuss the role of molecular treatment and the possibility of its concurrent use with radiotherapy in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).
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16
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Ortega MA, Pekarek L, Navarro F, Fraile-Martínez O, García-Montero C, Álvarez-Mon MÁ, Diez-Pedrero R, Boyano-Adánez MDC, Guijarro LG, Barrena-Blázquez S, Gómez-Lahoz AM, Haro S, Arroyo M, Monserrat J, Saez MA, Alvarez-Mon M. Updated Views in Targeted Therapy in the Patient with Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. J Pers Med 2023; 13:jpm13020167. [PMID: 36836402 PMCID: PMC9959016 DOI: 10.3390/jpm13020167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the most frequent form of lung cancer and represents a set of histological entities that have an ominous long-term prognosis, for example, adenocarcinoma, squamous carcinoma and large cell carcinoma. Both small cell and non-small cell lung cancer are the main causes of oncological death and the oncological diseases with the highest incidence worldwide. With regard to clinical approaches for NSCLC, several advances have been achieved in diagnosis and treatment; the analysis of different molecular markers has led to the development of new targeted therapies that have improved the prognosis for selected patients. Despite this, most patients are diagnosed in an advanced stage, presenting a limited life expectancy with an ominous short-term prognosis. Numerous molecular alterations have been described in recent years, allowing for the development of therapies directed against specific therapeutic targets. The correct identification of the expression of different molecular markers has allowed for the individualization of treatment throughout the disease course, expanding the available therapeutic arsenal. The purpose of this article is to summarize the main characteristics of NSCLC and the advances that have occurred in the use of targeted therapies, thus explaining the limitations that have been observed in the management of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel A. Ortega
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcala, 28801 Alcalá de Henares, Spain
- Ramon and Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain
- Cancer Registry and Pathology Department, Prince of Asturias University Hospital, 28806 Alcalá de Henares, Spain
- Correspondence:
| | - Leonel Pekarek
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcala, 28801 Alcalá de Henares, Spain
- Ramon and Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain
- Oncology Service, Guadalajara University Hospital, 19002 Guadalajara, Spain
| | - Fátima Navarro
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcala, 28801 Alcalá de Henares, Spain
- Ramon and Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain
- Oncology Service, Prince of Asturias University Hospital, 28806 Alcalá de Henares, Spain
| | - Oscar Fraile-Martínez
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcala, 28801 Alcalá de Henares, Spain
- Ramon and Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain
| | - Cielo García-Montero
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcala, 28801 Alcalá de Henares, Spain
- Ramon and Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel Ángel Álvarez-Mon
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcala, 28801 Alcalá de Henares, Spain
- Ramon and Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain
| | - Raúl Diez-Pedrero
- Department of General and Digestive Surgery, General and Digestive Surgery, Príncipe de Asturias Teaching Hospital, 28805 Alcalá de Henares, Spain
- Department of Surgery, Medical and Social Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcalá de Henares, Spain
| | - María del Carmen Boyano-Adánez
- Unit of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Systems Biology, University of Alcalá, 28871 Alcalá de Henares, Spain
| | - Luis G. Guijarro
- Ramon and Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain
- Unit of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Systems Biology, University of Alcalá, 28871 Alcalá de Henares, Spain
| | - Silvestra Barrena-Blázquez
- Department of General and Digestive Surgery, General and Digestive Surgery, Príncipe de Asturias Teaching Hospital, 28805 Alcalá de Henares, Spain
| | - Ana M. Gómez-Lahoz
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcala, 28801 Alcalá de Henares, Spain
- Ramon and Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain
| | - Sergio Haro
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcala, 28801 Alcalá de Henares, Spain
- Ramon and Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain
| | - Mónica Arroyo
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcala, 28801 Alcalá de Henares, Spain
- Ramon and Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain
- Oncology Service, Guadalajara University Hospital, 19002 Guadalajara, Spain
| | - Jorge Monserrat
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcala, 28801 Alcalá de Henares, Spain
- Ramon and Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel A. Saez
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcala, 28801 Alcalá de Henares, Spain
- Ramon and Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain
- Department of General and Digestive Surgery, General and Digestive Surgery, Príncipe de Asturias Teaching Hospital, 28805 Alcalá de Henares, Spain
| | - Melchor Alvarez-Mon
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcala, 28801 Alcalá de Henares, Spain
- Ramon and Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Surgery, Medical and Social Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcalá de Henares, Spain
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17
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The Importance of the Immune System and Molecular Cell Signaling Pathways in the Pathogenesis and Progression of Lung Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24021506. [PMID: 36675020 PMCID: PMC9861992 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is a disease that in recent years has become one of the greatest threats to modern society. Every year there are more and more new cases and the percentage of deaths caused by this type of cancer increases. Despite many studies, scientists are still looking for answers regarding the mechanisms of lung cancer development and progression, with particular emphasis on the role of the immune system. The aim of this literature review was to present the importance of disorders of the immune system and the accompanying changes at the level of cell signaling in the pathogenesis of lung cancer. The collected results showed that in the process of immunopathogenesis of almost all subtypes of lung cancer, changes in the tumor microenvironment, deregulation of immune checkpoints and abnormalities in cell signaling pathways are involved, which contribute to the multistage and multifaceted carcinogenesis of this type of cancer. We, therefore, suggest that in future studies, researchers should focus on a detailed analysis of tumor microenvironmental immune checkpoints, and to validate their validity, perform genetic polymorphism analyses in a wide range of patients and healthy individuals to determine the genetic susceptibility to lung cancer development. In addition, further research related to the analysis of the tumor microenvironment; immune system disorders, with a particular emphasis on immunological checkpoints and genetic differences may contribute to the development of new personalized therapies that improve the prognosis of patients.
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Dain Md Opo FA, Alsaiari AA, Rahman Molla MH, Ahmed Sumon MA, Yaghmour KA, Ahammad F, Mohammad F, Simal-Gandara J. Identification of novel natural drug candidates against BRAF mutated carcinoma; An integrative in-silico structure-based pharmacophore modeling and virtual screening process. Front Chem 2022; 10:986376. [PMID: 36267655 PMCID: PMC9577413 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.986376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The BRAF gene is responsible for transferring signals from outside of the cell to inside of the nucleus by converting a protein namely B-Raf through the RAS/MAPK pathway. This pathway contribute to cell division, proliferation, migration, and apoptotic cell death of human and animal. Mutation in this gene may cause the development of several cancers, including lung, skin, colon, and neuroblastoma. Currently, a few available drugs are being used that has developed by targeting the BRAF mutated protein, and due to the toxic side effects, patients suffer a lot during their treatment. Therefore this study aimed to identify potentially lead compounds that can target and block the expression of BRAF and subsequently inhibit the cancer. The hits were generated through the pharmacophore model-based virtual screening, molecular docking, pharmacohore model validation, ADME (absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion) analysis molecular dynamics (MD) simulation to find more suitable candidate against the overexpress BRAF gene. The pharmacophore based screening initially identified 14 k possible hits from online database which were further screened by ligand scout advance software to get hit compound. Based on molecular docking score of ZINC70454679 (-10.6 kcal/mol), ZINC253500968 (-9.4 kcal/mol), ZINC106887736 (-8.6 kcal/mol), and ZINC107434492 (-8.1 kcal/mol), pharmacophore feature and toxicity evaluation, we selected four possible lead compounds. The dynamic simulation with Schrodinger Maestro software was used to determine the stability of the potential lead candidates with target protein (PDB ID: 5VAM). The results showed that the newly obtained four compounds were more stable than the control ligand (Pub Chem ID: 90408826). The current results showed that the ZINC70454679, ZINC253500968, ZINC106887736, and ZINC107434492 compounds may be able to work against several cancers through targeting the BRAF overexpressed gene. To develop a novel drug candidate, however the evaluation of the web lab based experimental work are necessary to evaluate the efficiency of the each compound against the BRAF target gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- F. A. Dain Md Opo
- Department of Biological Science, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdulaziz University (KAU), Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Embryonic Stem Cell Research Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center (KFMRC), KAU, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahad Amer Alsaiari
- Clinical Laboratories, Science Department, College of Applied Medical Science, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Md Afsar Ahmed Sumon
- Department of Marine Biology, Faculty of Marine Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khaled A. Yaghmour
- Family Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Foysal Ahammad
- Department of Biological Science, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdulaziz University (KAU), Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Division of Biological and Biomedical Sciences (BBS), College of Health and Life Sciences (CHLS), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Doha, Qatar
- *Correspondence: Foysal Ahammad, ; Farhan Mohammad, ; Jesus Simal-Gandara,
| | - Farhan Mohammad
- Division of Biological and Biomedical Sciences (BBS), College of Health and Life Sciences (CHLS), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Doha, Qatar
- *Correspondence: Foysal Ahammad, ; Farhan Mohammad, ; Jesus Simal-Gandara,
| | - Jesus Simal-Gandara
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Vigo, Ourense, Spain
- *Correspondence: Foysal Ahammad, ; Farhan Mohammad, ; Jesus Simal-Gandara,
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19
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Kargbo R. Application of Selective SMARCA2/4 PROTAC for Mutant Cancer Therapy. ACS Med Chem Lett 2022; 13:1209-1210. [PMID: 35978683 PMCID: PMC9377322 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.2c00316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Robert
B. Kargbo
- Usona
Institute, 2800 Woods Hollow Road, Fitchburg,
Wisconsin 53711-5300, United States
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20
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Katakura S, Murakami S. Clinically-meaningful improvements in therapy for unresectable NSCLC. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther 2022; 22:927-937. [PMID: 35838638 DOI: 10.1080/14737140.2022.2102483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The ideal management of patients with unresectable non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is still developing. Unresectable NSCLC has a high mortality rate and poor prognosis, but the development of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) and molecular-targeted therapies has been a breakthrough in the treatment. The correct treatment of this patient population is crucial to maximize the clinical benefits without compromising their quality of life (QOL). AREAS COVERED We review the chemoradiotherapies, cytotoxic chemotherapies, immunotherapies, and molecular-targeted therapies available for unresectable NSCLC, focusing on their effects on overall survival, progression-free survival, and QOL. EXPERT OPINION Although cure is the ultimate goal of cancer treatment, it is often difficult to achieve in advanced NSCLC. Biomarker surveillance techniques, such as next-generation sequencing, have made it possible to provide the most appropriate treatment for each patient. This has led to clinically-meaningful improvements in therapies for unresectable NSCLC. The development of new molecular-targeted therapies and the establishment of treatment for patients who acquired drug resistance after initial treatment have a positive impact on patients' long-term survival. ICIs lead the long-term survival that can be considered a cure of some patients with advanced NSCLC, but such curative survival is difficult to achieve with cytotoxic chemotherapies and molecular-targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seigo Katakura
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Kanagawa Cancer Center, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Shuji Murakami
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Kanagawa Cancer Center, Yokohama, Japan
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21
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Kargbo RB. Application of Rapidly Accelerating Fibrosarcoma Protein Degraders in Drug Discovery. ACS Med Chem Lett 2022; 13:885-887. [DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.2c00210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Robert B. Kargbo
- Usona Institute, 277 Granada Drive, San Luis Obispo, California 93401-7337, United States
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