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In Lee H, Kyung Choi E, Ssan Kim S, Seob Shin Y, Won Park J, Yeol Song S. Predictive value of primary tumor volume change during concurrent chemoradiotherapy in patients with unresectable stage III non-small cell lung cancer. Radiother Oncol 2024; 198:110383. [PMID: 38879129 DOI: 10.1016/j.radonc.2024.110383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE No established early biomarkers currently exist to predict responses during concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) in patients with unresectable non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). This study investigated the potential of gross tumor volume (GTV) and its changes during CCRT as predictors of survival outcomes. MATERIALS AND METHODS We identified 227 patients with unresectable stage III NSCLC who underwent definitive CCRT followed by durvalumab between November 2018 and December 2022. GTV was defined as the volume of the primary tumor, assessed at two time points: before starting CCRT for initial planning (GTV1), and at the fourth week of CCRT for adaptive planning (GTV2). Both relative and absolute regressions between GTV1 and GTV2 were calculated. RESULTS The median GTV1 volume was 90 mL (range, 5-840 mL), and the median GTV2 volume was 64 mL (range, 1-520 mL), resulting in median absolute and relative regressions of 18.6 mL and 25.0 %, respectively. Among the GTV parameters, relative GTV regression exhibited the strongest predictive value, with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.804 for in-field progression and 0.711 for overall progression. The 1-year progression-free survival rates for the high (>30 %), intermediate (0-30 %), and low (≤0%) relative regression groups were 88.0 %, 62.6 %, and 14.3 %, respectively (p = 0.006 for high vs. intermediate; p < 0.001 for intermediate vs. low). Additionally, GTV2 volume demonstrated stronger associations with survival outcomes than GTV1 volume. CONCLUSION Relative GTV regression was identified as a promising early predictor for patients with unresectable stage III NSCLC. Further development of a multi-parametric predictive model is warranted to guide patient-tailored therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye In Lee
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Kyung Choi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Su Ssan Kim
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Seob Shin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Won Park
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Yeungnam University Medical Center, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Si Yeol Song
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Ginés Rubió J, Delgado O, Callejo A, Domínguez M, Torres C. Healthcare Resource Utilization and Associated Costs among Patients with Advanced Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer Receiving Chemotherapy or Immunotherapy in Spain: A Single-Center, Real-World, Exploratory Study. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:2068. [PMID: 38893187 PMCID: PMC11171292 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16112068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2024] [Revised: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
The objective of this observational, single-center, retrospective study conducted in a Spanish tertiary hospital was to describe the real-world (RW) healthcare resource utilization (HCRU) among patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (aNSCLC) who received chemotherapy (CT) or immunotherapy (IT) as first and second lines of treatment. A total of 173 patients diagnosed with aNSCLC and treated between January 2016 and August 2020 were included. The standardized average costs per patient/year were EUR 40,973.2 and EUR 22,502.4 for first-line CT and IT and EUR 140,601.3 and EUR 20,175.9 for second-line CT and IT, respectively. The average annual costs per patient associated with adverse-event (AE) onset were EUR 29,939.7 and EUR 460.7 for first-line CT and IT and EUR 35,906.4 and EUR 3206.1 for second-line CT and IT, respectively. The costs associated with disease management were EUR 33,178.0 and EUR 22,448.4 for first-line CT and IT and EUR 127,134.2 and EUR 19,663.9 for second-line CT and IT, respectively. In conclusion, IT use showed a lower average annual cost per patient, which was associated with lower HCRU for both disease and AE management, compared to the use of CT. However, these results should be further confirmed in the context of the currently implemented treatment schemes, including the combination of CT with single or dual IT.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Olga Delgado
- Hospital Universitari Son Espases, 07120 Palma de Mallorca, Spain;
| | - Angel Callejo
- OBU Medical Department, AstraZeneca Farmacéutica Spain, 28050 Madrid, Spain; (A.C.); (M.D.); (C.T.)
| | - Marta Domínguez
- OBU Medical Department, AstraZeneca Farmacéutica Spain, 28050 Madrid, Spain; (A.C.); (M.D.); (C.T.)
| | - Covadonga Torres
- OBU Medical Department, AstraZeneca Farmacéutica Spain, 28050 Madrid, Spain; (A.C.); (M.D.); (C.T.)
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3
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Pavan A, Shi L, Abbas M. Editorial: Updates on combination therapy for lung cancer volume II. Front Oncol 2024; 14:1393278. [PMID: 38706598 PMCID: PMC11067705 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1393278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Pavan
- Medical Oncology, Azienda Unità Locale Socio-Sanitaria (ULSS) 3 Serenissima, Venice, Italy
| | - Liyun Shi
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Muhammad Abbas
- Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah International University, Islamabad, Pakistan
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4
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Occhiuto CJ, Liby KT. KEAP1-Mutant Lung Cancers Weaken Anti-Tumor Immunity and Promote an M2-like Macrophage Phenotype. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:3510. [PMID: 38542481 PMCID: PMC10970780 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25063510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Considerable advances have been made in lung cancer therapies, but there is still an unmet clinical need to improve survival for lung cancer patients. Immunotherapies have improved survival, although only 20-30% of patients respond to these treatments. Interestingly, cancers with mutations in Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (KEAP1), the negative regulator of the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) transcription factor, are resistant to immune checkpoint inhibition and correlate with decreased lymphoid cell infiltration. NRF2 is known for promoting an anti-inflammatory phenotype when activated in immune cells, but the study of NRF2 activation in cancer cells has not been adequately assessed. The objective of this study was to determine how lung cancer cells with constitutive NRF2 activity interact with the immune microenvironment to promote cancer progression. To assess, we generated CRISPR-edited mouse lung cancer cell lines by knocking out the KEAP1 or NFE2L2 genes and utilized a publicly available single-cell dataset through the Gene Expression Omnibus to investigate tumor/immune cell interactions. We show here that KEAP1-mutant cancers promote immunosuppression of the tumor microenvironment. Our data suggest KEAP1 deletion is sufficient to alter the secretion of cytokines, increase expression of immune checkpoint markers on cancer cells, and alter recruitment and differential polarization of immunosuppressive macrophages that ultimately lead to T-cell suppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J. Occhiuto
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA;
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Karen T. Liby
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
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Altorki NK, Bhinder B, Borczuk AC, Elemento O, Mittal V, McGraw TE. A signature of enhanced proliferation associated with response and survival to anti-PD-L1 therapy in early-stage non-small cell lung cancer. Cell Rep Med 2024; 5:101438. [PMID: 38401548 PMCID: PMC10982989 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2024.101438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/26/2024]
Abstract
In early-stage non-small cell lung cancer, the combination of neoadjuvant anti-PD-L1 and subablative stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) is associated with higher rates of major pathologic response compared to anti-PD-L1 alone. Here, we identify a 140-gene set, enriched in genes characteristic of highly proliferating cells, associated with response to the dual therapy. Analysis of on-treatment transcriptome data indicate roles for T and B cells in response. The 140-gene set is associated with disease-free survival when applied to the combined trial arms. This 140-gene set identifies a subclass of tumors in all 7 of The Cancer Genome Atlas tumor types examined. Worse survival is associated with the 140-gene signature in 5 of these tumor types. Collectively, our data support that this 140-gene set, discovered in association with response to combined anti-PD-L1 and SBRT, identifies a clinically aggressive subclass of solid tumors that may be more likely to respond to immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasser K Altorki
- Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine and New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY 10065, USA; Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine and New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY 10065, USA.
| | - Bhavneet Bhinder
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA; Caryl and Israel Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Alain C Borczuk
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Northwell Health Cancer Institute, Northwell Health, Greenvale, NY 10042, USA
| | - Olivier Elemento
- Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine and New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY 10065, USA; Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA; Caryl and Israel Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Vivek Mittal
- Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine and New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY 10065, USA; Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine and New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Timothy E McGraw
- Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine and New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY 10065, USA; Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine and New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY 10065, USA; Department of Biochemistry, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA.
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6
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Cao Q, Zhu J, Wu X, Li J, Chen Y, You Y, Li X, Huang X, Zhang Y, Li R, Han D. Efficacy and Safety Assessment of Intrathoracic Perfusion Chemotherapy Combined with immunological factor Interleukin-2 in the Treatment of Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: A Retrospective Cohort Study. J Cancer 2024; 15:2024-2032. [PMID: 38434976 PMCID: PMC10905414 DOI: 10.7150/jca.92624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective: This study evaluated the efficacy and safety of the gemcitabine and oxaliplatin intrathoracic perfusion chemotherapy (IPCGOR) regimen combined with interleukin-2 (IL-2) for advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis of 460 advanced NSCLC patients from the Yunnan Province Early Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment Project (June 2020-October 2022), assessing the IPCGOR and IL-2 combination. Outcomes were measured based on RECIST 1.1 criteria, focusing on objective response rate (ORR), disease control rate (DCR), median progression-free survival (mPFS), median overall survival (MOS), and treatment safety. Results: The treatment demonstrated an ORR of 67.4%, a DCR of 97.4%, an mPFS of 8.5 months, and an MOS of 12.5 months. 14 patients underwent successful surgery post-treatment. Common adverse reactions were manageable, with no treatment-related deaths reported. Conclusion: The IPCGOR combined with IL-2 regimen shows promising efficacy and a tolerable safety profile for advanced NSCLC. These findings suggest its potential as a reference for treating advanced NSCLC. However, the study's retrospective nature and single-center design pose limitations. Future research should focus on prospective studies, randomized controlled trials, and long-term outcome assessments, particularly in diverse patient subgroups, to further validate and refine the clinical application of this regimen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Cao
- Department of Pharmacy, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- School of Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, 999078, Macau, Macao
- Department of Earth Sciences, Kunming University of Science and Technology, 650093, Kunming, China
| | - Jinyi Zhu
- Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, School of Clinical Medicine, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Xinyan Wu
- Department of Earth Sciences, Kunming University of Science and Technology, 650093, Kunming, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, 610000, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiapeng Li
- Undergraduate Department, University of Toronto, M2J4A6, Toronto, Canada
| | - Yuquan Chen
- Institute of Medical Information/Library, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 100020 Beijing, China
| | - Yanwei You
- Division of Sports Science & Physical Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xiaochen Li
- Department of Earth Sciences, Kunming University of Science and Technology, 650093, Kunming, China
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250000, Shandong, China
| | - Xufeng Huang
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Yujie Zhang
- College of Agriculture, Henan University of Science and Technology, 471023, Luoyang, China
| | - Rizhu Li
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, the Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, 18 zhongshan 2nd Road, Baise, Guangxi Province, China
| | - Dan Han
- Department of Pharmacy, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
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7
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Fielding D, Lakis V, Dalley AJ, Chittoory H, Newell F, Koufariotis LT, Patch AM, Kazakoff S, Bashirzadeh F, Son JH, Ryan K, Steinfort D, Williamson JP, Bint M, Pahoff C, Nguyen PT, Twaddell S, Arnold D, Grainge C, Pattison A, Fairbairn D, Gune S, Christie J, Holmes O, Leonard C, Wood S, Pearson JV, Lakhani SR, Waddell N, Simpson PT, Nones K. Evaluation of Endobronchial Ultrasound-Guided Transbronchial Needle Aspiration (EBUS-TBNA) Samples from Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer for Whole Genome, Whole Exome and Comprehensive Panel Sequencing. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:785. [PMID: 38398180 PMCID: PMC10887389 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16040785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 02/04/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS-TBNA) is often the only source of tumor tissue from patients with advanced, inoperable lung cancer. EBUS-TBNA aspirates are used for the diagnosis, staging, and genomic testing to inform therapy options. Here we extracted DNA and RNA from 220 EBUS-TBNA aspirates to evaluate their suitability for whole genome (WGS), whole exome (WES), and comprehensive panel sequencing. For a subset of 40 cases, the same nucleic acid extraction was sequenced using WGS, WES, and the TruSight Oncology 500 assay. Genomic features were compared between sequencing platforms and compared with those reported by clinical testing. A total of 204 aspirates (92.7%) had sufficient DNA (100 ng) for comprehensive panel sequencing, and 109 aspirates (49.5%) had sufficient material for WGS. Comprehensive sequencing platforms detected all seven clinically reported tier 1 actionable mutations, an additional three (7%) tier 1 mutations, six (15%) tier 2-3 mutations, and biomarkers of potential immunotherapy benefit (tumor mutation burden and microsatellite instability). As expected, WGS was more suited for the detection and discovery of emerging novel biomarkers of treatment response. WGS could be performed in half of all EBUS-TBNA aspirates, which points to the enormous potential of EBUS-TBNA as source material for large, well-curated discovery-based studies for novel and more effective predictors of treatment response. Comprehensive panel sequencing is possible in the vast majority of fresh EBUS-TBNA aspirates and enhances the detection of actionable mutations over current clinical testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Fielding
- UQ Centre for Clinical Research, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4029, Australia; (A.J.D.); (H.C.); (S.R.L.); (P.T.S.)
- Department of Thoracic Medicine, The Royal Brisbane & Women’s Hospital, Brisbane, QLD 4006, Australia; (F.B.); (J.H.S.); (K.R.)
| | - Vanessa Lakis
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD 4006, Australia; (V.L.); (F.N.); (L.T.K.); (A.-M.P.); (S.K.); (O.H.); (C.L.); (S.W.); (J.V.P.); (N.W.); (K.N.)
| | - Andrew J. Dalley
- UQ Centre for Clinical Research, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4029, Australia; (A.J.D.); (H.C.); (S.R.L.); (P.T.S.)
| | - Haarika Chittoory
- UQ Centre for Clinical Research, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4029, Australia; (A.J.D.); (H.C.); (S.R.L.); (P.T.S.)
| | - Felicity Newell
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD 4006, Australia; (V.L.); (F.N.); (L.T.K.); (A.-M.P.); (S.K.); (O.H.); (C.L.); (S.W.); (J.V.P.); (N.W.); (K.N.)
| | - Lambros T. Koufariotis
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD 4006, Australia; (V.L.); (F.N.); (L.T.K.); (A.-M.P.); (S.K.); (O.H.); (C.L.); (S.W.); (J.V.P.); (N.W.); (K.N.)
| | - Ann-Marie Patch
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD 4006, Australia; (V.L.); (F.N.); (L.T.K.); (A.-M.P.); (S.K.); (O.H.); (C.L.); (S.W.); (J.V.P.); (N.W.); (K.N.)
| | - Stephen Kazakoff
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD 4006, Australia; (V.L.); (F.N.); (L.T.K.); (A.-M.P.); (S.K.); (O.H.); (C.L.); (S.W.); (J.V.P.); (N.W.); (K.N.)
| | - Farzad Bashirzadeh
- Department of Thoracic Medicine, The Royal Brisbane & Women’s Hospital, Brisbane, QLD 4006, Australia; (F.B.); (J.H.S.); (K.R.)
| | - Jung Hwa Son
- Department of Thoracic Medicine, The Royal Brisbane & Women’s Hospital, Brisbane, QLD 4006, Australia; (F.B.); (J.H.S.); (K.R.)
| | - Kimberley Ryan
- Department of Thoracic Medicine, The Royal Brisbane & Women’s Hospital, Brisbane, QLD 4006, Australia; (F.B.); (J.H.S.); (K.R.)
| | - Daniel Steinfort
- Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, VIC 3050, Australia; (D.S.); (J.C.)
| | - Jonathan P. Williamson
- Department of Thoracic Medicine, Liverpool Hospital Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2170, Australia;
| | - Michael Bint
- Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Sunshine Coast University Hospital, Birtinya, QLD 4575, Australia; (M.B.); (A.P.)
| | - Carl Pahoff
- Department of Thoracic Medicine, Gold Coast University Hospital, Southport, QLD 4215, Australia;
| | - Phan Tien Nguyen
- Department of Thoracic Medicine, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia;
| | - Scott Twaddell
- Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, John Hunter Hospital, Newcastle, NSW 2305, Australia; (S.T.); (D.A.); (C.G.)
| | - David Arnold
- Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, John Hunter Hospital, Newcastle, NSW 2305, Australia; (S.T.); (D.A.); (C.G.)
| | - Christopher Grainge
- Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, John Hunter Hospital, Newcastle, NSW 2305, Australia; (S.T.); (D.A.); (C.G.)
| | - Andrew Pattison
- Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Sunshine Coast University Hospital, Birtinya, QLD 4575, Australia; (M.B.); (A.P.)
| | - David Fairbairn
- Pathology Queensland, The Royal Brisbane & Women’s Hospital, Brisbane, QLD 4006, Australia;
| | - Shailendra Gune
- NSW Health Pathology South, Liverpool Hospital, Sydney, NSW 2170, Australia;
| | - Jemma Christie
- Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, VIC 3050, Australia; (D.S.); (J.C.)
| | - Oliver Holmes
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD 4006, Australia; (V.L.); (F.N.); (L.T.K.); (A.-M.P.); (S.K.); (O.H.); (C.L.); (S.W.); (J.V.P.); (N.W.); (K.N.)
| | - Conrad Leonard
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD 4006, Australia; (V.L.); (F.N.); (L.T.K.); (A.-M.P.); (S.K.); (O.H.); (C.L.); (S.W.); (J.V.P.); (N.W.); (K.N.)
| | - Scott Wood
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD 4006, Australia; (V.L.); (F.N.); (L.T.K.); (A.-M.P.); (S.K.); (O.H.); (C.L.); (S.W.); (J.V.P.); (N.W.); (K.N.)
| | - John V. Pearson
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD 4006, Australia; (V.L.); (F.N.); (L.T.K.); (A.-M.P.); (S.K.); (O.H.); (C.L.); (S.W.); (J.V.P.); (N.W.); (K.N.)
| | - Sunil R. Lakhani
- UQ Centre for Clinical Research, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4029, Australia; (A.J.D.); (H.C.); (S.R.L.); (P.T.S.)
- Pathology Queensland, The Royal Brisbane & Women’s Hospital, Brisbane, QLD 4006, Australia;
| | - Nicola Waddell
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD 4006, Australia; (V.L.); (F.N.); (L.T.K.); (A.-M.P.); (S.K.); (O.H.); (C.L.); (S.W.); (J.V.P.); (N.W.); (K.N.)
| | - Peter T. Simpson
- UQ Centre for Clinical Research, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4029, Australia; (A.J.D.); (H.C.); (S.R.L.); (P.T.S.)
| | - Katia Nones
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD 4006, Australia; (V.L.); (F.N.); (L.T.K.); (A.-M.P.); (S.K.); (O.H.); (C.L.); (S.W.); (J.V.P.); (N.W.); (K.N.)
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4067, Australia
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8
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Dia AK, Ebrahimpour L, Yolchuyeva S, Tonneau M, Lamaze FC, Orain M, Coulombe F, Malo J, Belkaid W, Routy B, Joubert P, Després P, Manem VSK. The Cross-Scale Association between Pathomics and Radiomics Features in Immunotherapy-Treated NSCLC Patients: A Preliminary Study. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:348. [PMID: 38254838 PMCID: PMC10813866 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16020348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent advances in cancer biomarker development have led to a surge of distinct data modalities, such as medical imaging and histopathology. To develop predictive immunotherapy biomarkers, these modalities are leveraged independently, despite their orthogonality. This study aims to explore the cross-scale association between radiological scans and digitalized pathology images for immunotherapy-treated non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. METHODS This study involves 36 NSCLC patients who were treated with immunotherapy and for whom both radiology and pathology images were available. A total of 851 and 260 features were extracted from CT scans and cell density maps of histology images at different resolutions. We investigated the radiopathomics relationship and their association with clinical and biological endpoints. We used the Kolmogorov-Smirnov (KS) method to test the differences between the distributions of correlation coefficients with the two imaging modality features. Unsupervised clustering was done to identify which imaging modality captures poor and good survival patients. RESULTS Our results demonstrated a significant correlation between cell density pathomics and radiomics features. Furthermore, we also found a varying distribution of correlation values between imaging-derived features and clinical endpoints. The KS test revealed that the two imaging feature distributions were different for PFS and CD8 counts, while similar for OS. In addition, clustering analysis resulted in significant differences in the two clusters generated from the radiomics and pathomics features with respect to patient survival and CD8 counts. CONCLUSION The results of this study suggest a cross-scale association between CT scans and pathology H&E slides among ICI-treated patients. These relationships can be further explored to develop multimodal immunotherapy biomarkers to advance personalized lung cancer care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdou Khadir Dia
- Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, Université du Québec à Trois Rivières, Trois-Rivières, QC G8Z 4M3, Canada
| | - Leyla Ebrahimpour
- Quebec Heart & Lung Institute Research Center, Québec City, QC G1V 4G5, Canada (F.C.L.); (M.O.); (P.J.); (P.D.)
- Department of Physics, Laval University, Quebec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Quebec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Sevinj Yolchuyeva
- Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, Université du Québec à Trois Rivières, Trois-Rivières, QC G8Z 4M3, Canada
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Quebec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
- Department of Molecular Biology, Medical Biochemistry and Pathology, Laval University, Quebec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Marion Tonneau
- Lille Faculty of Medicine, University of Lille, 59020 Lille, France
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Montréal, Montréal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Fabien C. Lamaze
- Quebec Heart & Lung Institute Research Center, Québec City, QC G1V 4G5, Canada (F.C.L.); (M.O.); (P.J.); (P.D.)
| | - Michèle Orain
- Quebec Heart & Lung Institute Research Center, Québec City, QC G1V 4G5, Canada (F.C.L.); (M.O.); (P.J.); (P.D.)
| | - Francois Coulombe
- Quebec Heart & Lung Institute Research Center, Québec City, QC G1V 4G5, Canada (F.C.L.); (M.O.); (P.J.); (P.D.)
| | - Julie Malo
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Montréal, Montréal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Wiam Belkaid
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Montréal, Montréal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Bertrand Routy
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Montréal, Montréal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Philippe Joubert
- Quebec Heart & Lung Institute Research Center, Québec City, QC G1V 4G5, Canada (F.C.L.); (M.O.); (P.J.); (P.D.)
- Department of Molecular Biology, Medical Biochemistry and Pathology, Laval University, Quebec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Philippe Després
- Quebec Heart & Lung Institute Research Center, Québec City, QC G1V 4G5, Canada (F.C.L.); (M.O.); (P.J.); (P.D.)
- Department of Physics, Laval University, Quebec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Venkata S. K. Manem
- Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, Université du Québec à Trois Rivières, Trois-Rivières, QC G8Z 4M3, Canada
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Quebec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
- Department of Molecular Biology, Medical Biochemistry and Pathology, Laval University, Quebec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
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9
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Liu L, Zhang S, Yang HY, Zhou CH, Xiong Y, Yang N, Tian Y. Lipid alterations play a role in the integration of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors and anlotinib for the treatment of advanced non-small-cell lung cancer. Lipids Health Dis 2024; 23:16. [PMID: 38218878 PMCID: PMC10787985 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-023-01960-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies have shown that integrating anlotinib with programmed death 1 (PD-1)/programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) inhibitors enhances survival rates among progressive non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients lacking driver mutations. However, not all individuals experience clinical benefits from this therapy. As a result, it is critical to investigate the factors that contribute to the inconsistent response of patients. Recent investigations have emphasized the importance of lipid metabolic reprogramming in the development and progression of NSCLC. METHODS The objective of this investigation was to examine the correlation between lipid variations and observed treatment outcomes in advanced NSCLC patients who were administered PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors alongside anlotinib. A cohort composed of 30 individuals diagnosed with advanced NSCLC without any driver mutations was divided into three distinct groups based on the clinical response to the combination treatment, namely, a group exhibiting partial responses, a group manifesting progressive disease, and a group demonstrating stable disease. The lipid composition of patients in these groups was assessed both before and after treatment. RESULTS Significant differences in lipid composition among the three groups were observed. Further analysis revealed 19 differential lipids, including 2 phosphatidylglycerols and 17 phosphoinositides. CONCLUSION This preliminary study aimed to explore the specific impact of anlotinib in combination with PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors on lipid metabolism in patients with advanced NSCLC. By investigating the effects of using both anlotinib and PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors, this study enhances our understanding of lipid metabolism in lung cancer treatment. The findings from this research provide valuable insights into potential therapeutic approaches and the identification of new therapeutic biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Liu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Department of Medical Oncology, Lung Cancer and Gastrointestinal Unit, Hunan Cancer Hospital/The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China
| | - Shuo Zhang
- Zhu Zhou Central Hospital, Zhuzhou, 412007, China
| | - Hai-Yan Yang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Lung Cancer and Gastrointestinal Unit, Hunan Cancer Hospital/The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China
| | - Chun-Hua Zhou
- Department of Medical Oncology, Lung Cancer and Gastrointestinal Unit, Hunan Cancer Hospital/The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China
| | - Yi Xiong
- Department of Medical Oncology, Lung Cancer and Gastrointestinal Unit, Hunan Cancer Hospital/The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China
| | - Nong Yang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Lung Cancer and Gastrointestinal Unit, Hunan Cancer Hospital/The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China.
| | - Ye Tian
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
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10
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Tang R, Wang H, Tang M. Roles of tissue-resident immune cells in immunotherapy of non-small cell lung cancer. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1332814. [PMID: 38130725 PMCID: PMC10733439 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1332814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the most common and lethal type of lung cancer, with limited treatment options and poor prognosis. Immunotherapy offers hope for improving the survival and quality of life of NSCLC patients, but its efficacy depends on the tumor immune microenvironment (TME). Tissue-resident immune cells are a subset of immune cells that reside in various tissues and organs, and play an important role in fighting tumors. In NSCLC, tissue-resident immune cells are heterogeneous in their distribution, phenotype, and function, and can either promote or inhibit tumor progression and response to immunotherapy. In this review, we summarize the current understanding on the characteristics, interactions, and roles of tissue-resident immune cells in NSCLC. We also discuss the potential applications of tissue-resident immune cells in NSCLC immunotherapy, including immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), other immunomodulatory agents, and personalized cell-based therapies. We highlight the challenges and opportunities for developing targeted therapies for tissue-resident immune cells and optimizing existing immunotherapeutic approaches for NSCLC patients. We propose that tissue-resident immune cells are a key determinant of NSCLC outcome and immunotherapy response, and warrant further investigation in future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Tang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Haitao Wang
- The School of Clinical Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Sichuan, Luzhou, China
| | - Mingxi Tang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- Department of Pathology, Yaan People's Hospital (Yaan Hospital of West China Hospital of Sichuan University), Yaan, Sichuan, China
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11
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Moreira RS, da Silva MM, de Melo Vasconcelos CF, da Silva TD, Cordeiro GG, Mattos-Jr LAR, da Rocha Pitta MG, de Melo Rêgo MJB, Pereira MC. Siglec 15 as a biomarker or a druggable molecule for non-small cell lung cancer. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2023; 149:17651-17661. [PMID: 37843557 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-023-05437-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
Lung cancer has been the main cause of cancer mortality worldwide. Furthermore, lung cancer rates of new cases per year evidenced a large incidence of this neoplasm in both men and women. Because there is no biomarker for early detection, it is frequently detected late, at an advanced state. The introduction of multiple lines of tyrosine kinase inhibitors in patients with EGFR, ALK, ROS1, and NTRK mutations has modified the therapy of lung cancer. Immunotherapy advances have resulted in substantial improvements in overall survival and disease-free survival, making immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) a potential option for lung cancer treatment. Current PD-1/PD-L1/CTLA-4 immunotherapies have resulted in important response and survival rates. However, existing medicines only function in around 20% of unselected, advanced NSCLC patients, and primary and acquired resistance remain unsolved obstacles. Therefore, precise predictive indicators must be identified to choose the best patients for ICI treatment. Thus, Sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin-like lectin 15 (Siglec-15) stands out as a potential tumor biomarker, with distinctive expression in normal tissues, in tumor immune involvement, and a high structural similarity to PD-L1. Understanding the tumor immune response and the search for new therapeutic targets leads to the improvement of therapeutic pathways directed at the tumor microenvironment. The present review aims to analyze Siglec-15 potential as a diagnostic, prognostic, and response biomarker in lung cancer, considering its results evidenced in the current literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Santiago Moreira
- Suely-Galdino Therapeutic Innovation Research Center (NUPIT-SG), Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Marillya Morais da Silva
- Suely-Galdino Therapeutic Innovation Research Center (NUPIT-SG), Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | | | - Thiago Douberin da Silva
- Suely-Galdino Therapeutic Innovation Research Center (NUPIT-SG), Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | | | - Luiz Alberto Reis Mattos-Jr
- Department of Clinic Medicine, Federal University of Pernambuco, Av. Prof. Moraes Rego, 1235, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Maira Galdino da Rocha Pitta
- Suely-Galdino Therapeutic Innovation Research Center (NUPIT-SG), Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | | | - Michelly Cristiny Pereira
- Suely-Galdino Therapeutic Innovation Research Center (NUPIT-SG), Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil.
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12
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Luciano A, Liguori L, Polcaro G, Sabbatino F, Pepe S. Evaluation of Potential Predictive Biomarkers for Defining Brain Radiotherapy Efficacy in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Patients with Brain Metastases: A Case Report and a Narrative Review. Clin Pract 2023; 13:1549-1560. [PMID: 38131685 PMCID: PMC10742049 DOI: 10.3390/clinpract13060136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the second most common cancer worldwide, resulting in 1.8 million deaths per year. Most patients are diagnosed with a metastatic disease. Brain metastases are one of the most common metastatic sites and are associated with severe neurological symptoms, shorter survival, and the worst clinical outcomes. Brain radiotherapy and systemic oncological therapies are currently used for controlling both cancer progression and neurological symptoms. Brain radiotherapy includes stereotactic brain ablative radiotherapy (SBRT) or whole brain radiotherapy (WBRT). SBRT is applied for single or multiple (up to ten) small (diameter less than 4 cm) lesions, whereas WBRT is usually applied for multiple (more than ten) and large (diameter greater than 4 cm) brain metastases. In both cases, radiotherapy application may be viewed as an overtreatment which causes severe toxicities without achieving a significant clinical benefit. Thus far, a number of scoring systems to define the potential clinical benefits derived from brain radiotherapy have been proposed. However, most are not well established in clinical practice. In this article, we present a clinical case of a patient with advanced NSCLC carrying a BRAFV600E mutation and brain metastases. We review the variables in addition to applicable scoring systems considered to have potential for predicting clinical outcomes and benefits of brain radiotherapy in patients with advanced NSCLC and brain metastases. Lastly, we highlight the unmet need of specific scoring systems for advanced NSCLC patients with brain metastases carrying oncogene alterations including BRAFV600E mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelo Luciano
- Oncology Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, Italy; (A.L.); (L.L.); (G.P.); (S.P.)
- Oncology Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Luigi Liguori
- Oncology Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, Italy; (A.L.); (L.L.); (G.P.); (S.P.)
- Oncology Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Giovanna Polcaro
- Oncology Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, Italy; (A.L.); (L.L.); (G.P.); (S.P.)
| | - Francesco Sabbatino
- Oncology Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, Italy; (A.L.); (L.L.); (G.P.); (S.P.)
| | - Stefano Pepe
- Oncology Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, Italy; (A.L.); (L.L.); (G.P.); (S.P.)
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13
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Lim SM, Peters S, Ortega Granados AL, Pinto GDJ, Fuentes CS, Lo Russo G, Schenker M, Ahn JS, Reck M, Szijgyarto Z, Huseinovic N, Zografos E, Buss E, Stjepanovic N, O'Donnell S, de Marinis F. Dostarlimab or pembrolizumab plus chemotherapy in previously untreated metastatic non-squamous non-small cell lung cancer: the randomized PERLA phase II trial. Nat Commun 2023; 14:7301. [PMID: 37951954 PMCID: PMC10640551 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-42900-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
PERLA is a global, double-blind, parallel phase II trial (NCT04581824) comparing efficacy and safety of anti-PD-1 antibodies dostarlimab and pembrolizumab, plus chemotherapy (DCT and PCT, respectively) as first-line treatment in patients with metastatic non-squamous NSCLC without known targetable genomic aberrations. Patients stratified by PD-L1 tumor proportion score and smoking status were randomized 1:1, receiving ≤35 cycles 500 mg dostarlimab or 200 mg pembrolizumab, ≤35 cycles 500 mg/m2 pemetrexed and ≤4 cycles cisplatin (75 mg/m2) or carboplatin (AUC 5 mg/ml/min) Q3W. Primary endpoint was overall response rate (ORR) (blinded independent central review). Secondary endpoints include progression-free survival (PFS) based on investigator assessment, overall survival (OS) and safety. Exploratory endpoints include ORR by PD-L1 subgroup and duration of response. PERLA met its pre-specified endpoint. ORR (n/N; 95% CI) is 45% (55/121; 36.4-54.8) for DCT and 39% (48/122; 30.6-48.6) for PCT (data cut-off: 07 July 23), numerically favoring dostarlimab in PD-L1-positive subgroups. Median PFS (months [95% CI]) is 8.8 (6.7-10.4) for DCT and 6.7 (4.9-7.1) for PCT (HR 0.70 [95% CI: 0.50-0.98]; data cut-off: 04 August 22). Median OS (months [95% CI]) is 19.4 (14.5-NR) for DCT and 15.9 (11.6-19.3) for PCT (HR 0.75 [95% CI: 0.53-1.05]) (data cut-off: 07 July 23). Safety profiles are similar between groups. In this study, DCT shows similar efficacy to PCT and demonstrates clinical efficacy as first-line treatment for patients with metastatic non-squamous NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun Min Lim
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei Cancer Center, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, South Korea.
| | - Solange Peters
- Oncology Department, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne University, Rue du Bugnon 21, 1011, Lausanne, Vaud, Switzerland
| | - Ana Laura Ortega Granados
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Universitario de Jaén, Avda. Del Ejército Español 10, 23007, Jaén, Spain
| | - Gustavo Dix Junqueira Pinto
- Department of Medical Oncology, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Rua Antenor Duarte Villela, 1331 Bairro Dr. Paulo Prata, Barretos, São Paulo, 14784-400, Brazil
| | | | - Giuseppe Lo Russo
- Medical Oncology Department 1, Thoracic Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Via Giacomo Venezian, 1 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Michael Schenker
- Sf Nectarie Oncology Center, 23 Strada Caracal, Craiova, Județul Dolj, Romania, and the University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Craiova, Romania
| | - Jin Seok Ahn
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University, 81 Irwon-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, 06351, South Korea
| | - Martin Reck
- Lungen Clinic, Airway Research Center North, Center for Lung Research, Wöhrendamm 80, 22927, Grosshansdorf, Germany
| | | | - Neda Huseinovic
- GSK, 1000 Winter Street, Waltham, MA, 02451, USA
- Lantheus Medical Imaging, 201 Burlington Road, Bedford, MA, 01730, USA
| | | | - Elena Buss
- GSK, Neuhofstrasse 4, 6340, Baar (Zug), Switzerland
| | | | - Sean O'Donnell
- GSK, 1250 S Collegeville Rd, Collegeville, PA, 19426, USA
| | - Filippo de Marinis
- Division of Thoracic Oncology, Istituto Europeo di Oncologia (IRCCS), Via Ripamonti 435, Milan, Italy
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14
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Knap MM, Khan S, Khalil AA, Møller DS, Hoffmann L. Outcome of conventional radiotherapy in small centrally located tumours or lymph nodes: minimal toxicity, remarkable survival but challenging loco-regional control. Acta Oncol 2023; 62:1433-1439. [PMID: 37707506 DOI: 10.1080/0284186x.2023.2257872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In peripheral lung tumours, stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) is superior to conventional RT. SBRT has also shown high loco-regional control (LC) in centrally located tumours, but there is a high risk of severe toxicity. The STRICTSTARLung trial (NCT05354596) examines if risk-adapted SBRT for central tumours is feasible. In this study, we examined overall survival (OS), Disease-free survival (DSF), LC, and toxicity in patients with central tumours that could have been candidates for SBRT but received conventional RT. MATERIAL AND METHODS Retrospectively, we evaluated 49 lung cancer patients that between 2008 and 2021 received RT (60-70Gy in 2 Gy fractions) for a solitary tumour or lymph node with a diameter <5cm located <2cm from the bronchial tree, oesophagus, aorta or heart. All tumours were pathologically verified; 30 were primary lung tumours (T1b-T4) and 19 were solitary lymph nodes (T0N1-N2). Chemotherapy was administered as concomitant (29) or sequential (4). OS and LC were analysed using Kaplan Meier. Cox proportional hazards model for OS and disease-free survival (DFS) was performed including tumour volume, histology, sex, T- vs N-site and chemotherapy. Toxicity was scored. RESULTS In 42 patients, the tumour was located <1 cm to mediastinum. Median follow-up time was 44 months (range: 7-123). The median OS was 51 months. OS at 1-, 3- and 5-year was 88% (SE:5), 59% (SE:7) and 50% (SE:8). Loco-regional recurrences occurred in 16 patients resulting in 1-, and 3-year LC rates of 77% (SE:6) and 64% (SE:8). The majority occurred within 3 years after RT. Only stage showed significant impact on OS and DFS. No patients experienced grade 4-5 toxicity. Seven patients developed grade 3 toxicity (5 oesophageal stenosis, 2 pneumonitis). CONCLUSION Conventional RT for patients with small central lung tumours or solitary lymph nodes is feasible. Median OS was 51 months, and toxicity was low with no grade 4-5 events.
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Affiliation(s)
- M M Knap
- Department of Oncology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - S Khan
- Department of Respiratory Diseases and Allergology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - A A Khalil
- Department of Oncology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus N, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - D S Møller
- Department of Oncology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus N, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - L Hoffmann
- Department of Oncology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus N, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus N, Denmark
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15
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Bayliss R, Sarnowska E, Yeoh S, Sampson J. ALKing the flames of lung cancer immunosensitivity. Mol Oncol 2023; 17:2218-2220. [PMID: 37795653 PMCID: PMC10620113 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.13533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are utilised in treating non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) by enhancing the immune response against cancer cells. However, they are not effective against cancers with certain genetic alterations. A recent study by Mota et al. focussed on understanding why ALK+ NSCLC cancers are immune cold and making them more receptive to ICIs using a vaccine-based approach. The study highlighted cell-specific differences in the presentation of immunogenic peptides and the location of tumours as factors in the poor immune response. Vaccines based on ALK peptides improved immune response, and when combined with ICIs, this led to a striking improvement in survival in a mouse model of ALK+ NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Bayliss
- School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Biological SciencesUniversity of LeedsUK
| | - Elżbieta Sarnowska
- Department of Experimental ImmunotherapyMaria Sklodowska‐Curie National Research Institute of OncologyWarsawPoland
| | - Sharon Yeoh
- School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Biological SciencesUniversity of LeedsUK
| | - Josephina Sampson
- School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Biological SciencesUniversity of LeedsUK
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16
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Rodriguez-Lara V, Soca-Chafre G, Avila-Costa MR, Whaley JJJV, Rodriguez-Cid JR, Ordoñez-Librado JL, Rodriguez-Maldonado E, Heredia-Jara NA. Role of sex and sex hormones in PD-L1 expression in NSCLC: clinical and therapeutic implications. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1210297. [PMID: 37941543 PMCID: PMC10628781 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1210297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Currently, immunotherapy based on PD-1/PD-L1 pathway blockade has improved survival of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. However, differential responses have been observed by sex, where men appear to respond better than women. Additionally, adverse effects of immunotherapy are mainly observed in women. Studies in some types of hormone-dependent cancer have revealed a role of sex hormones in anti-tumor response, tumor microenvironment and immune evasion. Estrogens mainly promote immune tolerance regulating T-cell function and modifying tumor microenvironment, while androgens attenuate anti-tumor immune responses. The precise mechanism by which sex and sex hormones may modulate immune response to tumor, modify PD-L1 expression in cancer cells and promote immune escape in NSCLC is still unclear, but current data show how sexual differences affect immune therapy response and prognosis. This review provides update information regarding anti-PD-1/PD-L immunotherapeutic efficacy in NSCLC by sex, analyzing potential roles for sex hormones on PD-L1 expression, and discussing a plausible of sex and sex hormones as predictive response factors to immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vianey Rodriguez-Lara
- Department of Cell and Tissue Biology, Faculty of Medicine, UNAM, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Giovanny Soca-Chafre
- Oncological Diseases Research Unit (UIEO), Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Maria Rosa Avila-Costa
- Neuromorphology Laboratory, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, UNAM, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | | | | | - Emma Rodriguez-Maldonado
- Traslational Medicine Laboratory, Research Unit UNAM-INC, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City, Mexico
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17
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Bai G, Sun C, Guo Z, Wang Y, Zeng X, Su Y, Zhao Q, Ma B. Accelerating antibody discovery and design with artificial intelligence: Recent advances and prospects. Semin Cancer Biol 2023; 95:13-24. [PMID: 37355214 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2023.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/26/2023]
Abstract
Therapeutic antibodies are the largest class of biotherapeutics and have been successful in treating human diseases. However, the design and discovery of antibody drugs remains challenging and time-consuming. Recently, artificial intelligence technology has had an incredible impact on antibody design and discovery, resulting in significant advances in antibody discovery, optimization, and developability. This review summarizes major machine learning (ML) methods and their applications for computational predictors of antibody structure and antigen interface/interaction, as well as the evaluation of antibody developability. Additionally, this review addresses the current status of ML-based therapeutic antibodies under preclinical and clinical phases. While many challenges remain, ML may offer a new therapeutic option for the future direction of fully computational antibody design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ganggang Bai
- Engineering Research Center of Cell & Therapeutic Antibody (MOE), School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Chuance Sun
- Engineering Research Center of Cell & Therapeutic Antibody (MOE), School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Ziang Guo
- Cancer Center, Institute of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macao Special Administrative Region of China
| | - Yangjing Wang
- Engineering Research Center of Cell & Therapeutic Antibody (MOE), School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Xincheng Zeng
- Engineering Research Center of Cell & Therapeutic Antibody (MOE), School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yuhong Su
- Engineering Research Center of Cell & Therapeutic Antibody (MOE), School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Qi Zhao
- Cancer Center, Institute of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macao Special Administrative Region of China; MoE Frontiers Science Center for Precision Oncology, University of Macau, Taipa, Macao Special Administrative Region of China.
| | - Buyong Ma
- Engineering Research Center of Cell & Therapeutic Antibody (MOE), School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; Shanghai Digiwiser BioTechnolgy, Limited, Shanghai 201203, China.
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18
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Shu Y, Xu W, Su R, Ran P, Liu L, Zhang Z, Zhao J, Chao Z, Fu G. Clinical applications of radiomics in non-small cell lung cancer patients with immune checkpoint inhibitor-related pneumonitis. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1251645. [PMID: 37799725 PMCID: PMC10547882 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1251645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) modulate the body's immune function to treat tumors but may also induce pneumonitis. Immune checkpoint inhibitor-related pneumonitis (ICIP) is a serious immune-related adverse event (irAE). Immunotherapy is currently approved as a first-line treatment for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), and the incidence of ICIP in NSCLC patients can be as high as 5%-19% in clinical practice. ICIP can be severe enough to lead to the death of NSCLC patients, but there is a lack of a gold standard for the diagnosis of ICIP. Radiomics is a method that uses computational techniques to analyze medical images (e.g., CT, MRI, PET) and extract important features from them, which can be used to solve classification and regression problems in the clinic. Radiomics has been applied to predict and identify ICIP in NSCLC patients in the hope of transforming clinical qualitative problems into quantitative ones, thus improving the diagnosis and treatment of ICIP. In this review, we summarize the pathogenesis of ICIP and the process of radiomics feature extraction, review the clinical application of radiomics in ICIP of NSCLC patients, and discuss its future application prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Shu
- Department of Oncology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Wei Xu
- Department of Oncology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Department of Oncology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Rui Su
- College of Artificial Intelligence and Big Data for Medical Sciences, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Pancen Ran
- Department of Oncology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Lei Liu
- Department of Oncology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Zhizhao Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Jing Zhao
- Department of Oncology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Zhen Chao
- College of Artificial Intelligence and Big Data for Medical Sciences, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Guobin Fu
- Department of Oncology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Department of Oncology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Department of Oncology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
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19
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Murphy C, Gornés Pons G, Keogh A, Ryan L, McCarra L, Jose CM, Kesar S, Nicholson S, Fitzmaurice GJ, Ryan R, Young V, Cuffe S, Finn SP, Gray SG. An Analysis of JADE2 in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC). Biomedicines 2023; 11:2576. [PMID: 37761019 PMCID: PMC10526426 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11092576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The JADE family comprises three members encoded by individual genes and roles for these proteins have been identified in chromatin remodeling, cell cycle progression, cell regeneration and the DNA damage response. JADE family members, and in particular JADE2 have not been studied in any great detail in cancer. Using a series of standard biological and bioinformatics approaches we investigated JADE2 expression in surgically resected non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) for both mRNA and protein to examine for correlations between JADE2 expression and overall survival. Additional correlations were identified using bioinformatic analyses on multiple online datasets. Our analysis demonstrates that JADE2 expression is significantly altered in NSCLC. High expression of JADE2 is associated with a better 5-year overall survival. Links between JADE2 mRNA expression and a number of mutated genes were identified, and associations between JADE2 expression and tumor mutational burden and immune cell infiltration were explored. Potential new drugs that can target JADE2 were identified. The results of this biomarker-driven study suggest that JADE2 may have potential clinical utility in the diagnosis, prognosis and stratification of patients into various therapeutically targetable options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ciara Murphy
- Department of Histopathology, Labmed Directorate, St. James’s Hospital, D08 NHY1 Dublin, Ireland (S.P.F.)
- Thoracic Oncology Research Group, Central Pathology Laboratory, Trinity St. James’s Cancer Institute (TSJCI), St. James’s Hospital, D08 RX0X Dublin, Ireland (A.K.)
| | - Glòria Gornés Pons
- Thoracic Oncology Research Group, Central Pathology Laboratory, Trinity St. James’s Cancer Institute (TSJCI), St. James’s Hospital, D08 RX0X Dublin, Ireland (A.K.)
- Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, 08025 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anna Keogh
- Thoracic Oncology Research Group, Central Pathology Laboratory, Trinity St. James’s Cancer Institute (TSJCI), St. James’s Hospital, D08 RX0X Dublin, Ireland (A.K.)
- Department of Histopathology and Morbid Anatomy, Trinity College Dublin, D02 PN40 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Lisa Ryan
- Department of Histopathology, Labmed Directorate, St. James’s Hospital, D08 NHY1 Dublin, Ireland (S.P.F.)
| | - Lorraine McCarra
- Department of Histopathology, Labmed Directorate, St. James’s Hospital, D08 NHY1 Dublin, Ireland (S.P.F.)
| | - Chris Maria Jose
- School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, D02 PN40 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Shagun Kesar
- School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, D02 PN40 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Siobhan Nicholson
- Department of Histopathology, Labmed Directorate, St. James’s Hospital, D08 NHY1 Dublin, Ireland (S.P.F.)
| | - Gerard J. Fitzmaurice
- Surgery, Anaesthesia and Critical Care Directorate, St. James’s Hospital, D08 NHY1 Dublin, Ireland (V.Y.)
| | - Ronan Ryan
- Surgery, Anaesthesia and Critical Care Directorate, St. James’s Hospital, D08 NHY1 Dublin, Ireland (V.Y.)
| | - Vincent Young
- Surgery, Anaesthesia and Critical Care Directorate, St. James’s Hospital, D08 NHY1 Dublin, Ireland (V.Y.)
| | - Sinead Cuffe
- HOPE Directorate, St. James’s Hospital, D08 NHY1 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Stephen P. Finn
- Department of Histopathology, Labmed Directorate, St. James’s Hospital, D08 NHY1 Dublin, Ireland (S.P.F.)
- Thoracic Oncology Research Group, Central Pathology Laboratory, Trinity St. James’s Cancer Institute (TSJCI), St. James’s Hospital, D08 RX0X Dublin, Ireland (A.K.)
- Department of Histopathology and Morbid Anatomy, Trinity College Dublin, D02 PN40 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Steven G. Gray
- Thoracic Oncology Research Group, Central Pathology Laboratory, Trinity St. James’s Cancer Institute (TSJCI), St. James’s Hospital, D08 RX0X Dublin, Ireland (A.K.)
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, D02 PN40 Dublin, Ireland
- School of Biological Sciences, Technological University Dublin, D07 XT95 Dublin, Ireland
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20
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Rinaldi L, Guerini Rocco E, Spitaleri G, Raimondi S, Attili I, Ranghiero A, Cammarata G, Minotti M, Lo Presti G, De Piano F, Bellerba F, Funicelli G, Volpe S, Mora S, Fodor C, Rampinelli C, Barberis M, De Marinis F, Jereczek-Fossa BA, Orecchia R, Rizzo S, Botta F. Association between Contrast-Enhanced Computed Tomography Radiomic Features, Genomic Alterations and Prognosis in Advanced Lung Adenocarcinoma Patients. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:4553. [PMID: 37760521 PMCID: PMC10527057 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15184553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-invasive methods to assess mutational status, as well as novel prognostic biomarkers, are warranted to foster therapy personalization of patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). This study investigated the association of contrast-enhanced Computed Tomography (CT) radiomic features of lung adenocarcinoma lesions, alone or integrated with clinical parameters, with tumor mutational status (EGFR, KRAS, ALK alterations) and Overall Survival (OS). In total, 261 retrospective and 48 prospective patients were enrolled. A Radiomic Score (RS) was created with LASSO-Logistic regression models to predict mutational status. Radiomic, clinical and clinical-radiomic models were trained on retrospective data and tested (Area Under the Curve, AUC) on prospective data. OS prediction models were trained and tested on retrospective data with internal cross-validation (C-index). RS significantly predicted each alteration at training (radiomic and clinical-radiomic AUC 0.95-0.98); validation performance was good for EGFR (AUC 0.86), moderate for KRAS and ALK (AUC 0.61-0.65). RS was also associated with OS at univariate and multivariable analysis, in the latter with stage and type of treatment. The validation C-index was 0.63, 0.79, and 0.80 for clinical, radiomic, and clinical-radiomic models. The study supports the potential role of CT radiomics for non-invasive identification of gene alterations and prognosis prediction in patients with advanced lung adenocarcinoma, to be confirmed with independent studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Rinaldi
- Radiation Research Unit, IEO European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Via Ripamonti 435, 20141 Milan, Italy;
| | - Elena Guerini Rocco
- Division of Pathology, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, 20141 Milan, Italy; (E.G.R.); (A.R.); (M.B.)
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Via Festa del Perdono 7, 20122 Milan, Italy; (S.V.)
| | - Gianluca Spitaleri
- Division of Thoracic Oncology, IEO European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Via Ripamonti 435, 20141 Milan, Italy; (G.S.); (I.A.); (F.D.M.)
| | - Sara Raimondi
- Department of Experimental Oncology, IEO European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Via Ripamonti 435, 20141 Milan, Italy (F.B.)
| | - Ilaria Attili
- Division of Thoracic Oncology, IEO European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Via Ripamonti 435, 20141 Milan, Italy; (G.S.); (I.A.); (F.D.M.)
| | - Alberto Ranghiero
- Division of Pathology, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, 20141 Milan, Italy; (E.G.R.); (A.R.); (M.B.)
| | - Giulio Cammarata
- Department of Experimental Oncology, IEO European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Via Ripamonti 435, 20141 Milan, Italy (F.B.)
| | - Marta Minotti
- Division of Radiology, IEO European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Via Ripamonti 435, 20141 Milan, Italy; (M.M.); (C.R.); (R.O.)
| | - Giuliana Lo Presti
- Department of Experimental Oncology, IEO European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Via Ripamonti 435, 20141 Milan, Italy (F.B.)
| | - Francesca De Piano
- Division of Radiology, IEO European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Via Ripamonti 435, 20141 Milan, Italy; (M.M.); (C.R.); (R.O.)
| | - Federica Bellerba
- Department of Experimental Oncology, IEO European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Via Ripamonti 435, 20141 Milan, Italy (F.B.)
| | - Gianluigi Funicelli
- Division of Radiology, IEO European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Via Ripamonti 435, 20141 Milan, Italy; (M.M.); (C.R.); (R.O.)
| | - Stefania Volpe
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Via Festa del Perdono 7, 20122 Milan, Italy; (S.V.)
- Department of Radiation Oncology, IEO European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Via Ripamonti 435, 20141 Milan, Italy
| | - Serena Mora
- Data Management Unit, IEO European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Via Ripamonti 435, 20141 Milan, Italy; (S.M.); (C.F.)
| | - Cristiana Fodor
- Data Management Unit, IEO European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Via Ripamonti 435, 20141 Milan, Italy; (S.M.); (C.F.)
| | - Cristiano Rampinelli
- Division of Radiology, IEO European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Via Ripamonti 435, 20141 Milan, Italy; (M.M.); (C.R.); (R.O.)
| | - Massimo Barberis
- Division of Pathology, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, 20141 Milan, Italy; (E.G.R.); (A.R.); (M.B.)
| | - Filippo De Marinis
- Division of Thoracic Oncology, IEO European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Via Ripamonti 435, 20141 Milan, Italy; (G.S.); (I.A.); (F.D.M.)
| | - Barbara Alicja Jereczek-Fossa
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Via Festa del Perdono 7, 20122 Milan, Italy; (S.V.)
- Department of Radiation Oncology, IEO European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Via Ripamonti 435, 20141 Milan, Italy
| | - Roberto Orecchia
- Division of Radiology, IEO European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Via Ripamonti 435, 20141 Milan, Italy; (M.M.); (C.R.); (R.O.)
- Scientific Direction, IEO European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Via Ripamonti 435, 20141 Milan, Italy
| | - Stefania Rizzo
- Clinica di Radiologia EOC, Istituto Imaging della Svizzera Italiana (IIMSI), Via Tesserete 46, 6900 Lugano, Switzerland;
- Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Università della Svizzera italiana, Via G. Buffi 13, 6900 Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Francesca Botta
- Medical Physics Unit, IEO European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Via Ripamonti 435, 20141 Milan, Italy;
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21
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Roque K, Ruiz R, Mas L, Pozza DH, Vancini M, Silva Júnior JA, de Mello RA. Update in Immunotherapy for Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: Optimizing Treatment Sequencing and Identifying the Best Choices. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:4547. [PMID: 37760516 PMCID: PMC10526179 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15184547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2023] [Revised: 09/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The introduction of immunotherapy has brought about a paradigm shift in the management of advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). It has not only significantly improved the prognosis of patients but has also become a cornerstone of treatment, particularly in those without oncogenic driver mutations. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) play a crucial role in the treatment of lung cancer and can be classified into two main groups: Anti-cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen-4 (Anti-CTLA-4) and anti-T-cell receptor programmed cell death-1 or its ligand (Anti-PD-1 and Anti-PD-L1). Certainly, the landscape of approved first line immunotherapeutic approaches has expanded to encompass monotherapy, immunotherapy-exclusive protocols, and combinations with chemotherapy. The complexity of decision-making in this realm arises due to the absence of direct prospective comparisons. However, a thorough analysis of the long-term efficacy and safety data derived from pivotal clinical trials can offer valuable insights into optimizing treatment for different patient subsets. Moreover, ongoing research is investigating emerging biomarkers and innovative therapeutic strategies that could potentially refine the current treatment approach even further. In this comprehensive review, our aim is to highlight the latest advances in immunotherapy for advanced NSCLC, including the mechanisms of action, efficacy, safety profiles, and clinical significance of ICI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katia Roque
- Discipline of Medical Oncology, Post-Graduation Programme in Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Nine of July University (UNINOVE), São Paulo 04101-000, Brazil (J.A.S.J.)
- Department of Medical Oncology, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Neoplásicas, Angamos Este Av., 2520, Lima 15023, Peru; (R.R.); (L.M.)
- Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima 15102, Peru
- Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima 15081, Peru
| | - Rossana Ruiz
- Department of Medical Oncology, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Neoplásicas, Angamos Este Av., 2520, Lima 15023, Peru; (R.R.); (L.M.)
- Escuela Profesional de Medicina Humana-Filial Ica, Universidad Privada San Juan Bautista, Ica 15067, Peru
| | - Luis Mas
- Department of Medical Oncology, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Neoplásicas, Angamos Este Av., 2520, Lima 15023, Peru; (R.R.); (L.M.)
- Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima 15102, Peru
- Department of Medical Oncology, Oncosalud-AUNA, Av. Guardia Civil 571-San Borja, Lima 15036, Peru
| | - Daniel Humberto Pozza
- Experimental Biology Unit, Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine of Porto, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
- i3S—Institute for Research and Innovation in Health and IBMC, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Marina Vancini
- Discipline of Medical Oncology, Post-Graduation Programme in Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Nine of July University (UNINOVE), São Paulo 04101-000, Brazil (J.A.S.J.)
| | - José Antônio Silva Júnior
- Discipline of Medical Oncology, Post-Graduation Programme in Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Nine of July University (UNINOVE), São Paulo 04101-000, Brazil (J.A.S.J.)
| | - Ramon Andrade de Mello
- Discipline of Medical Oncology, Post-Graduation Programme in Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Nine of July University (UNINOVE), São Paulo 04101-000, Brazil (J.A.S.J.)
- Oxford Cancer Centre, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
- Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 2JD, UK
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22
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Khalifa J. [Impact of immunotherapy on the therapeutic strategy for the management of stage I non-small cell lung cancer: The radiation oncologist's point of view]. Cancer Radiother 2023; 27:653-658. [PMID: 37573193 DOI: 10.1016/j.canrad.2023.06.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/14/2023]
Abstract
Surgery is the standard treatment for operable patients with stage I non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) (T1-T2aN0M0). Stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) is the treatment of choice for non-operable patients, and its positioning for operable patients remains to be clarified. The pattern of recurrence after management of stage I NSCLC is dominated by the risk of distant recurrence, this constituting the rationale for the adjunction of systemic treatment, and especially check point inhibitor (CPI), in combination with surgery or SBRT for patients with high risk features. While the benefit of postoperative CPI on the micro-metastatic disease is logically considered within the framework of a simply additive effect of both therapeutic modalities, it is reasonable to consider a synergistic effect of both CPI and SBRT. Given the role of tumor draining nodes in the development of an anti-tumor immune response, a "tumor-draining node sparing" strategy enabled by SBRT could therefore be of major interest in combination with CPI. Pending confirmation of the role of CPI in combination with RTS for the management of stage I NSCLC, we thus discuss in this review the theoretical advantages that this therapeutic strategy could have compared to a surgical strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Khalifa
- Département de radiothérapie, institut universitaire du cancer de Toulouse - Onccopole, 1, avenue Irène-Joliot-Curie, 31000 Toulouse, France; Inserm U1037, équipe immunité anti-tumorale et immunothérapie, centre de recherche contre le cancer de Toulouse, 2, avenue Hubert-Curien, 31100 Toulouse, France.
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23
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Martinis E, Ricci C, Trevisan C, Tomadini G, Tonon S. Cancer Vaccines: From the State of the Art to the Most Promising Frontiers in the Treatment of Colorectal Cancer. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:1969. [PMID: 37514155 PMCID: PMC10383643 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15071969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer represents 10% of all new cancer cases each year and accounts for almost 10% of all cancer deaths. According to the WHO, by 2040 there will be a 60% increase in colorectal cancer cases. These data highlight the need to explore new therapeutic strategies. Classical interventions include surgical resection, chemotherapy and radiotherapy, which are invasive strategies that have many side effects on the patients and greatly affect their quality of life. A great advance in the treatment of this cancer type, as well as of all the others, could be the development of a vaccination strategy preventing the onset, the progression or the relapse of the pathology. In this review, we summarize the main vaccination strategies that are being studied for the treatment of colorectal cancer (CRC) and finally explore the possibility of using B-cells for the development of a new type of vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Martinis
- Department of Medicine, University of Udine, Piazzale Kolbe 4 Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Carolina Ricci
- Department of Medicine, University of Udine, Piazzale Kolbe 4 Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Caterina Trevisan
- Department of Medicine, University of Udine, Piazzale Kolbe 4 Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Gaia Tomadini
- Department of Medicine, University of Udine, Piazzale Kolbe 4 Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Silvia Tonon
- Department of Medicine, University of Udine, Piazzale Kolbe 4 Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy
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24
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Wang L, Yang Z, Guo F, Chen Y, Wei J, Dai X, Zhang X. Research progress of biomarkers in the prediction of anti-PD-1/PD-L1 immunotherapeutic efficiency in lung cancer. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1227797. [PMID: 37465684 PMCID: PMC10351040 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1227797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Currently, anti-PD-1/PD-L1 immunotherapy using immune checkpoint inhibitors is widely used in the treatment of multiple cancer types including lung cancer, which is a leading cause of cancer death in the world. However, only a limited proportion of lung cancer patients will benefit from anti-PD-1/PD-L1 therapy. Therefore, it is of importance to predict the response to immunotherapy for the precision treatment of patients. Although the expression of PD-L1 and tumor mutation burden (TMB) are commonly used to predict the clinical response of anti-PD-1/PD-L1 therapy, other factors such as tumor-specific genes, dMMR/MSI, and gut microbiome are also promising predictors for immunotherapy in lung cancer. Furthermore, invasive peripheral blood biomarkers including blood DNA-related biomarkers (e.g., ctDNA and bTMB), blood cell-related biomarkers (e.g., immune cells and TCR), and other blood-related biomarkers (e.g., soluble PD-L1 and cytokines) were utilized to predict the immunotherapeutic response. In this review, the current achievements of anti-PD-1/PD-L1 therapy and the potential biomarkers for the prediction of anti-PD-1/PD-L1 immunotherapy in lung cancer treatment were summarized and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luyao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of Ministry of Education, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
- National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Models for Human Disease, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Zongxing Yang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Fucheng Guo
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of Ministry of Education, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
- National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Models for Human Disease, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yurong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of Ministry of Education, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
- National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Models for Human Disease, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jiarui Wei
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of Ministry of Education, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
- National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Models for Human Disease, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xiangpeng Dai
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of Ministry of Education, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
- National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Models for Human Disease, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xiaoling Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of Ministry of Education, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
- National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Models for Human Disease, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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25
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Cascini C, Ratti C, Botti L, Parma B, Cancila V, Salvaggio A, Meazza C, Tripodo C, Colombo MP, Chiodoni C. Rewiring innate and adaptive immunity with TLR9 agonist to treat osteosarcoma. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2023; 42:154. [PMID: 37365634 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-023-02731-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most common primary bone tumor in children and adolescent. Surgery and multidrug chemotherapy are the standard of treatment achieving 60-70% of event-free survival for localized disease at diagnosis. However, for metastatic disease, the prognosis is dismal. Exploiting immune system activation in the setting of such unfavorable mesenchymal tumors represents a new therapeutic challenge. METHODS In immune competent OS mouse models bearing two contralateral lesions, we tested the efficacy of intralesional administration of a TLR9 agonist against the treated and not treated contralateral lesion evaluating abscopal effect. Multiparametric flow cytometry was used to evaluate changes of the tumor immune microenviroment. Experiments in immune-deficient mice allowed the investigation of the role of adaptive T cells in TLR9 agonist effects, while T cell receptor sequencing was used to assess the expansion of specific T cell clones. RESULTS TLR9 agonist strongly impaired the growth of locally-treated tumors and its therapeutic effect also extended to the contralateral, untreated lesion. Multiparametric flow cytometry showed conspicuous changes in the immune landscape of the OS immune microenvironment upon TLR9 engagement, involving a reduction in M2-like macrophages, paralleled by increased infiltration of dendritic cells and activated CD8 T cells in both lesions. Remarkably, CD8 T cells were needed for the induction of the abscopal effect, whereas they were not strictly necessary for halting the growth of the treated lesion. T cell receptor (TCR) sequencing of tumor infiltrating CD8 T cells showed the expansion of specific TCR clones in the treated tumors and, remarkably, their selected representation in the contralateral untreated lesions, providing the first evidence of the rewiring of tumor-associated T cell clonal architectures. CONCLUSIONS Overall these data indicate that the TLR9 agonist acts as an in situ anti-tumor vaccine, activating an innate immune response sufficient to suppress local tumor growth while inducing a systemic adaptive immunity with selective expansion of CD8 T cell clones, which are needed for the abscopal effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caterina Cascini
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Molecular Immunology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Dei Tumori, Via Amadeo 42, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Ratti
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Molecular Immunology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Dei Tumori, Via Amadeo 42, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Laura Botti
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Molecular Immunology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Dei Tumori, Via Amadeo 42, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Beatrice Parma
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Molecular Immunology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Dei Tumori, Via Amadeo 42, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Valeria Cancila
- Department of Health Science, Tumor Immunology Unit, University of Palermo School of Medicine, Palermo, Italy
| | - Adriana Salvaggio
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Molecular Immunology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Dei Tumori, Via Amadeo 42, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Cristina Meazza
- Pediatric Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Claudio Tripodo
- Department of Health Science, Tumor Immunology Unit, University of Palermo School of Medicine, Palermo, Italy
- IFOM, FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - Mario P Colombo
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Molecular Immunology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Dei Tumori, Via Amadeo 42, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Claudia Chiodoni
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Molecular Immunology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Dei Tumori, Via Amadeo 42, 20133, Milan, Italy.
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Strati A, Economopoulou P, Lianidou E, Psyrri A. Clinical Significance of PD-L1 Status in Circulating Tumor Cells for Cancer Management during Immunotherapy. Biomedicines 2023; 11:1768. [PMID: 37371863 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11061768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 06/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The approval of monoclonal antibodies against programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) and programmed cell death protein (PD1) has changed the landscape of cancer treatment. To date, many immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have been approved by the FDA for the treatment of metastatic cancer as well as locally recurrent advanced cancer. However, immune-related adverse events (irAEs) of ICIs highlight the need for biomarker analysis with strong predictive value. Liquid biopsy is an important tool for clinical oncologists to monitor cancer patients and administer or change appropriate therapy. CTCs frequently express PD-L1, and this constitutes a clinically useful and non-invasive method to assess PD-L1 status in real-time. This review summarizes all the latest findings about the clinical significance of CTC for the management of cancer patients during the administration of immunotherapy and mainly focuses on the assessment of PD-L1 expression in CTCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Areti Strati
- Analysis of Circulating Tumor Cells, Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15771 Athens, Greece
| | - Panagiota Economopoulou
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Medical Oncology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Attikon University Hospital, 12462 Athens, Greece
| | - Evi Lianidou
- Analysis of Circulating Tumor Cells, Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15771 Athens, Greece
| | - Amanda Psyrri
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Medical Oncology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Attikon University Hospital, 12462 Athens, Greece
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Rahnea-Nita RA, Stoian AR, Anghel RM, Rebegea LF, Ciuhu AN, Bacinschi XE, Zgura AF, Trifanescu OG, Toma RV, Constantin GB, Rahnea-Nita G. The Efficacy of Immunotherapy in Long-Term Survival in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) Associated with the Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone Secretion (SIADH). Life (Basel) 2023; 13:1279. [PMID: 37374062 DOI: 10.3390/life13061279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 05/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIADH) is the most common cause of hyponatremia in cancer patients, occurring most frequently in patients with small cell lung cancer. However, this syndrome occurs extremely rarely in patients with non-small cell lung cancer. The results of the clinical trials have revealed that immuno-oncological therapies are effective for long periods of time, providing hope for long survival and with a good quality of life. CASE PRESENTATION We present the case of a female patient who was 62 years old at the time of diagnosis in 2016 who underwent surgery for a right pulmonary tumor (pulmonary adenocarcinoma) and subsequently underwent adjuvant chemotherapy. The patient had a left inoperable mediastinohilar relapse in 2018, which was treated using polychemotherapy The patient also had an occurrence of progressive metastasis and a syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIADH) in 2019 for which immunotherapy was initiated. The patient has continued with immunotherapy until the time this study began to be written (April 2023), the results being the remission of hyponatremia, the clinical benefits and long-term survival. DISCUSSION The main therapeutic option for SIADH in cancer patients is the treatment of the underlying disease, and its correction depends almost exclusively on a good response to oncological therapy. The initiation of immunotherapy at the time of severe hyponatremia occurrence led to its remission as well as the remission of the other two episodes of hyponatremia, which the patient presented throughout the evolution of the disease, demonstrating an obvious causal relationship between SIADH and the favorable response to immunotherapy. CONCLUSIONS Each patient must be approached individually, taking into account the various particular aspects. Immunotherapy proves to be the innovative treatment that contributes to increasing the survival of patients with metastatic non-small cell lung cancer and to increasing their quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roxana-Andreea Rahnea-Nita
- The Clinical Department, The Faculty of Medicine, The University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Carol Davila", 050474 Bucharest, Romania
- "Sf. Luca" Chronic Disease Hospital, 041915 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Alexandru-Rares Stoian
- The Clinical Department, The Faculty of Medicine, The University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Carol Davila", 050474 Bucharest, Romania
- "Bagdasar-Arseni" Emergency Clinical Hospital, 041915 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Rodica-Maricela Anghel
- The Clinical Department, The Faculty of Medicine, The University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Carol Davila", 050474 Bucharest, Romania
- The Oncological Institute "Prof. Dr. Alexandru Trestioreanu", 022328 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Laura-Florentina Rebegea
- The Radiotherapy Department, "Sf. Ap. Andrei" County Emergency Clinical Hospital, 800579 Galati, Romania
- The Clinical Department, The Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy "Dunarea de Jos" University in Galati, 800008 Galati, Romania
- The Research Center in the Field of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, ReFORM-UDJ, 800010 Galati, Romania
| | | | - Xenia-Elena Bacinschi
- The Clinical Department, The Faculty of Medicine, The University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Carol Davila", 050474 Bucharest, Romania
- The Oncological Institute "Prof. Dr. Alexandru Trestioreanu", 022328 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Anca-Florina Zgura
- The Clinical Department, The Faculty of Medicine, The University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Carol Davila", 050474 Bucharest, Romania
- The Oncological Institute "Prof. Dr. Alexandru Trestioreanu", 022328 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Oana-Gabriela Trifanescu
- The Clinical Department, The Faculty of Medicine, The University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Carol Davila", 050474 Bucharest, Romania
- The Oncological Institute "Prof. Dr. Alexandru Trestioreanu", 022328 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Radu-Valeriu Toma
- The Clinical Department, The Faculty of Medicine, The University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Carol Davila", 050474 Bucharest, Romania
- The Oncological Institute "Prof. Dr. Alexandru Trestioreanu", 022328 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Georgiana Bianca Constantin
- The Morphological and Functional Sciences Department, The Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, "Dunarea de Jos" University in Galati, 800008 Galati, Romania
| | - Gabriela Rahnea-Nita
- The Clinical Department, The Faculty of Medicine, The University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Carol Davila", 050474 Bucharest, Romania
- "Sf. Luca" Chronic Disease Hospital, 041915 Bucharest, Romania
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Ancel J, Dormoy V, Raby BN, Dalstein V, Durlach A, Dewolf M, Gilles C, Polette M, Deslée G. Soluble biomarkers to predict clinical outcomes in non-small cell lung cancer treated by immune checkpoints inhibitors. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1171649. [PMID: 37283751 PMCID: PMC10239865 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1171649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer remains the first cause of cancer-related death despite many therapeutic innovations, including immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI). ICI are now well used in daily practice at late metastatic stages and locally advanced stages after a chemo-radiation. ICI are also emerging in the peri-operative context. However, all patients do not benefit from ICI and even suffer from additional immune side effects. A current challenge remains to identify patients eligible for ICI and benefiting from these drugs. Currently, the prediction of ICI response is only supported by Programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) tumor expression with perfectible results and limitations inherent to tumor-biopsy specimen analysis. Here, we reviewed alternative markers based on liquid biopsy and focused on the most promising biomarkers to modify clinical practice, including non-tumoral blood cell count such as absolute neutrophil counts, platelet to lymphocyte ratio, neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio, and derived neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio. We also discussed soluble-derived immune checkpoint-related products such as sPD-L1, circulating tumor cells (detection, count, and marker expression), and circulating tumor DNA-related products. Finally, we explored perspectives for liquid biopsies in the immune landscape and discussed how they could be implemented into lung cancer management with a potential biological-driven decision.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Ancel
- Inserm UMR-S1250, P3Cell, University of Reims Champagne-Ardenne, SFR CAP-SANTE, Reims, France
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Reims, Hôpital Maison Blanche, Reims, France
| | - Valérian Dormoy
- Inserm UMR-S1250, P3Cell, University of Reims Champagne-Ardenne, SFR CAP-SANTE, Reims, France
| | - Béatrice Nawrocki Raby
- Inserm UMR-S1250, P3Cell, University of Reims Champagne-Ardenne, SFR CAP-SANTE, Reims, France
| | - Véronique Dalstein
- Inserm UMR-S1250, P3Cell, University of Reims Champagne-Ardenne, SFR CAP-SANTE, Reims, France
- Department of Biopathology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Reims, Hôpital Maison Blanche, Reims, France
| | - Anne Durlach
- Inserm UMR-S1250, P3Cell, University of Reims Champagne-Ardenne, SFR CAP-SANTE, Reims, France
- Department of Biopathology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Reims, Hôpital Maison Blanche, Reims, France
| | - Maxime Dewolf
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Reims, Hôpital Maison Blanche, Reims, France
| | - Christine Gilles
- Laboratory of Tumor and Development Biology, GIGA-Cancer, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Myriam Polette
- Inserm UMR-S1250, P3Cell, University of Reims Champagne-Ardenne, SFR CAP-SANTE, Reims, France
- Department of Biopathology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Reims, Hôpital Maison Blanche, Reims, France
| | - Gaëtan Deslée
- Inserm UMR-S1250, P3Cell, University of Reims Champagne-Ardenne, SFR CAP-SANTE, Reims, France
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Reims, Hôpital Maison Blanche, Reims, France
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Alharbi B, Qanash H, Binsaleh NK, Alharthi S, Elasbali AM, Gharekhan CH, Mahmoud M, Lioudakis E, O'Leary JJ, Doherty DG, Mohamed BM, Gray SG. Proof of concept nanotechnological approach to in vitro targeting of malignant melanoma for enhanced immune checkpoint inhibition. Sci Rep 2023; 13:7462. [PMID: 37156818 PMCID: PMC10167246 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-34638-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapies, including immune checkpoint inhibitors, have limitations in their effective treatment of malignancies. The immunosuppressive environment associated with the tumor microenvironment may prevent the achievement of optimal outcomes for immune checkpoint inhibitors alone, and nanotechnology-based platforms for delivery of immunotherapeutic agents are increasingly being investigated for their potential to improve the efficacy of immune checkpoint blockade therapy. In this manuscript, nanoparticles were designed with appropriate size and surface characteristics to enhance their retention of payload so that they can transmit their loaded drugs to the tumor. We aimed to enhance immune cell stimulation by a small molecule inhibitor of PD-1/PD-L1 (BMS202) using nanodiamonds (ND). Melanoma cells with different disease stages were exposed to bare NDs, BMS202-NDs or BMS202 alone for 6 h. Following this, melanoma cells were co-cultured with freshly isolated human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (hPBMCs). The effects of this treatment combination on melanoma cells were examined on several biological parameters including cell viability, cell membrane damage, lysosomal mass/pH changes and expression of γHA2X, and caspase 3. Exposing melanoma cells to BMS202-NDs led to a stronger than normal interaction between the hPBMCs and the melanoma cells, with significant anti-proliferative effects. We therefore conclude that melanoma therapy has the potential to be enhanced by non-classical T-cell Immune responses via immune checkpoint inhibitors delivered by nanodiamonds-based nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bandar Alharbi
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Ha'il, Hail, 55476, Saudi Arabia
| | - Husam Qanash
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Ha'il, Hail, 55476, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Naif K Binsaleh
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Ha'il, Hail, 55476, Saudi Arabia
| | - Salem Alharthi
- Department of Biological Science, College of Arts and Science, Najran University, Najran, 55461, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulbaset M Elasbali
- Clinical Laboratory Science, College of Applied Medical Sciences-Qurayyat, Jouf University, Sakaka, 42421, Saudi Arabia
| | - Chandranil H Gharekhan
- Amrita Center for Nanosciences and Molecular Medicine, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Cochin, India
| | | | - Emmanouil Lioudakis
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - John J O'Leary
- Department of Histopathology, Trinity College Dublin, Emer Casey Molecular Pathology Research Laboratory, Coombe Women and Infants University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
- Trinity St James's Cancer Institute, Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Derek G Doherty
- Trinity St James's Cancer Institute, Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Immunology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Bashir M Mohamed
- Trinity St James's Cancer Institute, Dublin, Ireland.
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
- Department of Immunology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
| | - Steven G Gray
- Trinity St James's Cancer Institute, Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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30
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Huang D, Wang X, Qian Y, Wu J, Chen B, Zhang D, Dong F, Li Y. MAX transcriptionally enhances PD-L1 to inhibit CD8+ T cell-mediated killing of lung adenocarcinoma cells. Cell Immunol 2023; 386:104706. [PMID: 36931054 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2023.104706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2022] [Revised: 03/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023]
Abstract
Immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapies, such as monoclonal antibodies against the PD-1/PD-L1 immune checkpoint pathway, have been a major breakthrough in the treatment of lung cancer especially lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD), but their effectiveness is limited. High expression of PD-L1 in tumor cells is one of the key reasons evading immune surveillance, yet the mechanisms that regulate PD-L1 expression are not fully understood. By analyzing the chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing data of MYC-associated X-factor (MAX) based on lung cancer cell lines, we found that the transcriptional regulator MAX is able to bind to the promoter region of the PD-L1 gene. Further, we performed several molecular biology experiments to determine that MAX promotes PD-L1 transcription in LUAD cells, which in turn assists LUAD cells to evade killing by CD8+ T cells, an effect that can be reversed by anti-PD-L1 antibody. In LUAD, the expression of MAX is positively correlated with PD-L1 and the infiltration of CD8+ T cells. Importantly, we further identified that high expression of the MAX/PD-L1 axis is associated with poor overall survival and fist progression of patients with LUAD. Thus, this study sheds light on the mechanism by which MAX inhibits CD8+ T cell-mediated killing of LUAD cells by activating PD-L1 transcription, and MAX may serve as a potential combinatorial target for ICB therapies that block the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway in LUAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongwei Huang
- Third District of Cadre Ward, General Hospital of Southern Theater Command of PLA, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xueni Wang
- Third District of Cadre Ward, General Hospital of Southern Theater Command of PLA, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yunfeng Qian
- Third District of Cadre Ward, General Hospital of Southern Theater Command of PLA, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jun Wu
- Third District of Cadre Ward, General Hospital of Southern Theater Command of PLA, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Binzhuan Chen
- Third District of Cadre Ward, General Hospital of Southern Theater Command of PLA, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Deming Zhang
- Third District of Cadre Ward, General Hospital of Southern Theater Command of PLA, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Fengying Dong
- Third District of Cadre Ward, General Hospital of Southern Theater Command of PLA, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
| | - Yongqiang Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, General Hospital of Southern Theater Command of PLA, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
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Cytological Samples: An Asset for the Diagnosis and Therapeutic Management of Patients with Lung Cancer. Cells 2023; 12:cells12050754. [PMID: 36899890 PMCID: PMC10001120 DOI: 10.3390/cells12050754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/25/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lung cancer has become the leading cause of cancer death for men and women. Most patients are diagnosed at an advanced stage when surgery is no longer a therapeutic option. At this stage, cytological samples are often the less invasive source for diagnosis and the determination of predictive markers. We assessed the ability of cytological samples to perform diagnosis, and to establish molecular profile and PD-L1 expression, which are essential for the therapeutic management of patients. METHODS We included 259 cytological samples with suspected tumor cells and assessed the ability to confirm the type of malignancy by immunocytochemistry. We summarized results of molecular testing by next generation sequencing (NGS) and PD-L1 expression from these samples. Finally, we analyzed the impact of these results in the patient management. RESULTS Among the 259 cytological samples, 189 concerned lung cancers. Of these, immunocytochemistry confirmed the diagnosis in 95%. Molecular testing by NGS was obtained in 93% of lung adenocarcinomas and non-small cell lung cancer. PD-L1 results were obtained in 75% of patients tested. The results obtained with cytological samples led to a therapeutic decision in 87% of patients. CONCLUSION Cytological samples are obtained by minimally invasive procedures and can provide enough material for the diagnosis and therapeutic management in lung cancer patients.
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Ibrahiem AT, Eladl E, Toraih EA, Fawzy MS, Abdelwahab K, Elnaghi K, Emarah Z, Shaalan AAM, Ehab Z, Soliman NA. Prognostic Value of BRAF, Programmed Cell Death 1 (PD1), and PD Ligand 1 (PDL1) Protein Expression in Colon Adenocarcinoma. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:diagnostics13020237. [PMID: 36673047 PMCID: PMC9858159 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13020237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients with colorectal cancer in different stages show variable outcomes/therapeutic responses due to their distinct tumoral biomarkers and biological features. In this sense, this study aimed to explore the prognostic utility of BRAF, programmed death-1 (PD1), and its ligand (PDL1) protein signatures in colon adenocarcinoma. The selected protein markers were explored in 64 archived primary colon adenocarcinomas in relation to clinicopathological features. BRAF overexpression was found in 39% of the cases and was significantly associated with grade 3, N1, advanced Dukes stage, presence of relapse, and shorter overall survival (OS). PD1 expression in the infiltrating immune cells (IICs) exhibited significant association with T2/T3, N0/M0, early Dukes stage, and absence of relapse. PDL1 expression in IICs is significantly associated with advanced nodal stage/distant metastasis, advanced Dukes stage, and shorter OS. Meanwhile, PDL1 expression in neoplastic cells (NC) was associated with the advanced lymph node/Dukes stage. A positive combined expression pattern of PDL1 in NC/IICs was associated with poor prognostic indices. Tumor PDL1 expression can be an independent predictor of OS and DFS. The multivariate analyses revealed that short OS was independently associated with the RT side location of the tumor, PD1 expression in stromal IICs, and PDL1 expression in NC. In conclusion, overexpression of BRAF in colon adenocarcinoma is considered a poor prognostic pathological marker. In addition, PDL1 expression in NC is considered an independent prognostic factor for DFS/OS. Combined immunohistochemical assessment for BRAF and PD1/PDL1 protein expressions in colon adenocarcinoma might be beneficial for selecting patients for future targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afaf T. Ibrahiem
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Entsar Eladl
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Eman A. Toraih
- Division of Endocrine and Oncologic Surgery, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
- Medical Genetics Unit, Histology and Cell Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
| | - Manal S. Fawzy
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Northern Border University, Arar 73213, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +20-1008584720
| | - Khaled Abdelwahab
- Surgical Oncology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Khaled Elnaghi
- Medical Oncology Unit, Oncology Center, Internal Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
- Oncology Center, King Abdullah Medical City, Makkah 24246, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ziad Emarah
- Medical Oncology Unit, Oncology Center, Internal Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
- Oncology Center, King Abdullah Medical City, Makkah 24246, Saudi Arabia
| | - Aly A. M. Shaalan
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Jazan University, Jazan 82621, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Histology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
| | - Ziad Ehab
- Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 21955, Egypt
| | - Nahed A. Soliman
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Helwan University, Cairo 11795, Egypt
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Zhang X, Wang X, Hou L, Xu Z, Liu Y, Wang X. Nanoparticles overcome adaptive immune resistance and enhance immunotherapy via targeting tumor microenvironment in lung cancer. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1130937. [PMID: 37033636 PMCID: PMC10080031 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1130937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is one of the common malignant cancers worldwide. Immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy has improved survival of lung cancer patients. However, ICI therapy leads to adaptive immune resistance and displays resistance to PD-1/PD-L1 blockade in lung cancer, leading to less immune response of lung cancer patients. Tumor microenvironment (TME) is an integral tumor microenvironment, which is involved in immunotherapy resistance. Nanomedicine has been used to enhance the immunotherapy in lung cancer. In this review article, we described the association between TME and immunotherapy in lung cancer. We also highlighted the importance of TME in immunotherapy in lung cancer. Moreover, we discussed how nanoparticles are involved in regulation of TME to improve the efficacy of immunotherapy, including Nanomedicine SGT-53, AZD1080, Nanomodulator NRF2, Cisplatin nanoparticles, Au@PG, DPAICP@ME, SPIO NP@M-P, NBTXR3 nanoparticles, ARAC nanoparticles, Nano-DOX, MS NPs, Nab-paclitaxel, GNPs-hPD-L1 siRNA. Furthermore, we concluded that targeting TME by nanoparticles could be helpful to overcome resistance to PD-1/PD-L1 blockade in lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhang
- Department of Pathology, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xuemei Wang
- Department of Pathology, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Lijian Hou
- Department of Pathology, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Zheng Xu
- Department of Pathology, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yu’e Liu
- School of Medicine, Tongji University Cancer Center, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital of Tongji University, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xueju Wang
- Department of Pathology, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- *Correspondence: Xueju Wang,
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Chen LN, Wei AZ, Shu CA. Neoadjuvant immunotherapy in resectable non-small-cell lung cancer. Ther Adv Med Oncol 2023; 15:17588359231163798. [PMID: 37007633 PMCID: PMC10052589 DOI: 10.1177/17588359231163798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The advent of immune checkpoint inhibition has pushed the treatment paradigm for resectable non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) toward neoadjuvant therapy. A growing number of promising trials have examined the utility of neoadjuvant immunotherapy, both alone and in combination with other modalities such as radiation therapy (RT) and chemotherapy. The phase II LCMC3 and NEOSTAR trials demonstrated a role for neoadjuvant immunotherapy in inducing meaningful pathologic responses, and another phase II trial established the feasibility of combining neoadjuvant durvalumab with RT. Significant interest in neoadjuvant chemoimmunotherapy resulted in the conduct of multiple successful phase II trials including the Columbia trial, NADIM, SAKK 16/14, and NADIM II. Across these trials, neoadjuvant chemoimmunotherapy led to high rates of pathologic response and improved surgical outcomes without compromising surgical timing or feasibility. CheckMate-816, which was a randomized phase III trial studying neoadjuvant nivolumab in addition to chemotherapy, definitively established a benefit for neoadjuvant chemoimmunotherapy compared to chemotherapy alone for resectable NSCLC. Despite the growing literature and success of these trials, several outstanding questions remain, including the relationship between pathologic response and patient survival, the role of biomarkers such as programmed death ligand 1 and circulating tumor DNA in determining patient selection and treatment course, and the utility of additional adjuvant therapies. Longer follow-up of CheckMate-816 and other ongoing phase III trials may help address these questions. Ultimately, the complexity of managing resectable NSCLC highlights the importance of a multidisciplinary approach to patient care.
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Freire T, Landeira M, Giacomini C, Festari MF, Pittini Á, Cardozo V, Brosque A, Monin L, da Costa V, Faral-Tello P, Robello C, Osinaga E. Trypanosoma cruzi-Derived Molecules Induce Anti-Tumour Protection by Favouring Both Innate and Adaptive Immune Responses. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232315032. [PMID: 36499361 PMCID: PMC9739173 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232315032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer remains the leading cause of cancer mortality worldwide. Thus, the development of strategies against this type of cancer is of high value. Parasite infections can correlate with lower cancer incidence in humans and their use as vaccines has been recently explored in preclinical models. In this study, we investigated whether immunisations with a Trypanosoma cruzi lysate from epimastigotes protect from lung tumour growth in mice. We also explore the role of parasite glycans in the induction of the protective immune response. A pre-clinical murine cancer model using the lung tumour cell line LL/2 was used to evaluate the anti-tumour potential, both in preventive and therapeutic settings, of a T. cruzi epimastigote-derived protein lysate. Immunisation with the parasite lysate prevents tumour growth and induces both humoral and cellular anti-tumour immune responses to LL-2 cancer cells. The induced immunity and tumour protection were associated with the activation of natural killer (NK) cells, the production of interferon-γ (IFN-γ) and tumour cell cytotoxicity. We also show that mannose residues in the T. cruzi lysate induce Toll-like receptor (TLR) signalling. The evaluated T. cruzi lysate possesses anti-tumour properties likely by activating innate and adaptive immunity in a process where carbohydrates seem to be essential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Freire
- Laboratorio de Inmunomodulación y Vacunas, Departamento Inmunobiología, Facultad de Medicina, UdelaR, Gral Flores 2125, Montevideo 11800, Uruguay
- Correspondence: (T.F.); (E.O.)
| | - Mercedes Landeira
- Laboratorio de Inmunomodulación y Vacunas, Departamento Inmunobiología, Facultad de Medicina, UdelaR, Gral Flores 2125, Montevideo 11800, Uruguay
| | - Cecilia Giacomini
- Laboratorio de Bioquímica, Departamento de Biociencias, Facultad de Química, UdelaR, Gral Flores 2124, Montevideo 11800, Uruguay
| | - María Florencia Festari
- Laboratorio de Inmunomodulación y Vacunas, Departamento Inmunobiología, Facultad de Medicina, UdelaR, Gral Flores 2125, Montevideo 11800, Uruguay
| | - Álvaro Pittini
- Departamento de Inmunobiología, Facultad de Medicina, UdelaR, Gral Flores 2125, Montevideo 11800, Uruguay
- Laboratorio de Glicobiología e Inmunología Tumoral, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Montevideo 11400, Uruguay
| | - Viviana Cardozo
- Laboratorio de Glicobiología e Inmunología Tumoral, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Montevideo 11400, Uruguay
| | - Alina Brosque
- Laboratorio de Glicobiología e Inmunología Tumoral, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Montevideo 11400, Uruguay
| | - Leticia Monin
- Laboratorio de Glicobiología e Inmunología Tumoral, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Montevideo 11400, Uruguay
| | - Valeria da Costa
- Laboratorio de Inmunomodulación y Vacunas, Departamento Inmunobiología, Facultad de Medicina, UdelaR, Gral Flores 2125, Montevideo 11800, Uruguay
| | - Paula Faral-Tello
- Laboratorio de Interacciones Hospedero-Patógeno, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Montevideo 11400, Uruguay
| | - Carlos Robello
- Laboratorio de Interacciones Hospedero-Patógeno, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Montevideo 11400, Uruguay
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, UdelaR, Gral Flores 2125, Montevideo 11800, Uruguay
| | - Eduardo Osinaga
- Departamento de Inmunobiología, Facultad de Medicina, UdelaR, Gral Flores 2125, Montevideo 11800, Uruguay
- Laboratorio de Glicobiología e Inmunología Tumoral, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Montevideo 11400, Uruguay
- Correspondence: (T.F.); (E.O.)
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