1
|
Huang J, Chan SC, Pang WS, Mak FY, Fung YC, Lok V, Zhang L, Lin X, Lucero-Prisno DE, Xu W, Zheng ZJ, Elcarte E, Withers M, Wong MCS. Incidence distributions, risk factors and trends of vaginal cancer: A global population-based study. BJOG 2024; 131:1660-1672. [PMID: 38924674 DOI: 10.1111/1471-0528.17887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 06/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate the incidence, risk factors and trends for vaginal cancer. DESIGN Retrospective observational design. SETTING Data were collected from multiple sources, including the Global Cancer Observatory, Cancer Incidence in Five Continents Plus, Global Burden of Disease, World Bank and the United Nations. POPULATION Individuals diagnosed with vaginal cancer. METHODS The study collected data on vaginal cancer from the specified sources. The age-standardised rate (ASR) of vaginal cancer was calculated for different regions and age groups. Multivariable and univariable linear regression analyses were performed to examine the associations between risk factors and the incidence of vaginal cancer. Trend analysis was conducted using joinpoint regression analysis, and the average annual percentage change (AAPC) was calculated to quantify the temporal trend. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The main outcome measures of the study were the incidence of vaginal cancer, risk factors associated with the disease and the trend of its incidence over time. RESULTS There were 17 908 newly reported cases of vaginal cancer (ASR = 0.36, 95% CI 0.30-0.44) in 2020, with the highest ASRs reported in South-Central Asia and Southern Africa. Risk factors associated with a higher incidence of vaginal cancer included a higher prevalence of unsafe sex and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. The temporal trend showed an overall rising incidence globally, with Iceland (AAPC = 29.56, 95% CI 12.12-49.71), Chile (AAPC = 22.83, 95% CI 13.20-33.27), Bahrain (AAPC = 22.05, 95% CI 10.83-34.40) and the UK (AAPC = 1.40, 95% CI 0.41-2.39) demonstrating the most significant rising trends. CONCLUSIONS The significant regional disparities and risk factors associated with vaginal cancer underscore the necessity for targeted interventions and education, particularly in regions with a lower human development index (HDI) and a higher prevalence of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. The increasing incidence trend emphasises the need for enhanced HPV vaccination rates to prevent the development of vaginal cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junjie Huang
- The Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China
- Centre for Health Education and Health Promotion, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Sze Chai Chan
- The Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Wing Sze Pang
- The Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Fung Yu Mak
- The Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Yat Ching Fung
- The Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Veeleah Lok
- Department of Global Public Health, Karolinska Institute, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lin Zhang
- Suzhou Industrial Park Monash Research Institute of Science and Technology, Suzhou, China
- The School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Xu Lin
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Don Eliseo Lucero-Prisno
- Department of Global Health and Development, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Wanghong Xu
- School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhi-Jie Zheng
- Department of Global Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | | | - Mellissa Withers
- Department of Population and Health Sciences, Institute for Global Health, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Martin C S Wong
- The Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China
- Centre for Health Education and Health Promotion, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China
- Department of Global Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Alkhateeb MA, Aljarba NH, Yousafi Q, Anwar F, Biswas P. Elucidating gastric cancer mechanisms and therapeutic potential of Adociaquinone A targeting EGFR: A genomic analysis and Computer Aided Drug Design (CADD) approach. J Cell Mol Med 2024; 28:e70133. [PMID: 39434198 PMCID: PMC11493557 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.70133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Revised: 05/05/2024] [Accepted: 09/09/2024] [Indexed: 10/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer predominantly adenocarcinoma, accounts for over 85% of gastric cancer diagnoses. Current therapeutic options are limited, necessitating the discovery of novel drug targets and effective treatments. The Affymetrix gene expression microarray dataset (GSE64951) was retrieved from NCBI-GEO data normalization and DEGs identification was done by using R-Bioconductor package. Gene Ontology (GO) analysis of DEGs was performed using DAVID. The protein-protein interaction network was constructed by STRING database plugin in Cytoscape. Subclusters/modules of important interacting genes in main network were extracted by using MCODE. The hub genes from in the network were identified by using Cytohubba. The miRNet tool built a hub gene/mRNA-miRNA network and Kaplan-Meier-Plotter conducted survival analysis. AutoDock Vina and GROMACS MD simulations were used for docking and stability analysis of marine compounds against the 5CNN protein. Total 734 DEGs (507 up-regulated and 228 down-regulated) were identified. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were enriched in processes like cell-cell adhesion and ATP binding. Eight hub genes (EGFR, HSPA90AA1, MAPK1, HSPA4, PPP2CA, CDKN2A, CDC20, and ATM) were selected for further analysis. A total of 23 miRNAs associated with hub genes were identified, with 12 of them targeting PPP2CA. EGFR displayed the highest expression and hazard rate in survival analyses. The kinase domain of EGFR (PDBID: 5CNN) was chosen as the drug target. Adociaquinone A from Petrosia alfiani, docked with 5CNN, showed the lowest binding energy with stable interactions across a 50 ns MD simulation, highlighting its potential as a lead molecule against EGFR. This study has identified crucial DEGs and hub genes in gastric cancer, proposing novel therapeutic targets. Specifically, Adociaquinone A demonstrates promising potential as a bioactive drug against EGFR in gastric cancer, warranting further investigation. The predicted miRNA against the hub gene/proteins can also be used as potential therapeutic targets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Nada H. Aljarba
- Department of Biology, College of SciencePrincess Nourah bint Abdulrahman UniversityRiyadhSaudi Arabia
| | - Qudsia Yousafi
- Department of BiosciencesCOMSATS University Islamabad, Sahiwal CampusSahiwalPakistan
| | - Fatima Anwar
- Department of BiosciencesCOMSATS University Islamabad, Sahiwal CampusSahiwalPakistan
| | - Partha Biswas
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Department of Genetic Engineering and BiotechnologyJashore University of Science and TechnologyJashoreBangladesh
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Chatterjee M, Gupta S, Mukherjee T, Parashar D, Kumar U, Maitra A, Das K. The role of extracellular vesicles in the pathogenesis of gynecological cancer. Front Oncol 2024; 14:1477610. [PMID: 39391238 PMCID: PMC11464257 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1477610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2024] [Accepted: 09/09/2024] [Indexed: 10/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Gynecological cancer, the most common form of cancers in women worldwide, initiates in the reproductive organs of females. More often, the common treatment measures, i.e. surgery, radiation, and medical oncology are found to be unsuccessful in the treatment of gynecological tumors. Emerging evidence indicates that extracellular vesicles (EVs) play a significant role in the pathogenesis of gynecological cancers by distinct mechanisms. The present review highlights how EVs contribute to the progression of different types of gynecological cancers such as cervical cancer, endometrial cancer, ovarian cancer, vaginal cancer, uterine sarcoma, gestational trophoblastic disease (GTD), and vulvar cancer. The primary focus is to understand how EVs' cargo alters the phenotypic response of the recipient cells, thereby contributing to the progression of the disease, thus can be considered as a prognostic and diagnostic biomarker. A brief discussion on the role of EVs in the diagnosis and prognosis of different gynecological cancer types is also highlighted. Targeting the biogenesis of the EVs, their inside cargo, and EVs uptake by the recipient cells could be a potential therapeutic approach in the treatment of gynecological cancer beside conventional therapeutic means.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Madhura Chatterjee
- Department of Biotechnology, Biotechnology Research and Innovation Council-National Institute of Biomedical Genomics, Kalyani, West Bengal, India
| | - Saurabh Gupta
- Department of Biotechnology, Ganesh Lal Agarwal (GLA) University, Mathura, India
| | - Tanmoy Mukherjee
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas at Tyler Health Science Center, Tyler, TX, United States
| | - Deepak Parashar
- Division of Hematology & Oncology, Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Umesh Kumar
- Department of Biosciences, Institute of Management Studies (IMS) Ghaziabad (University Courses Campus), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Arindam Maitra
- Department of Biotechnology, Biotechnology Research and Innovation Council-National Institute of Biomedical Genomics, Kalyani, West Bengal, India
| | - Kaushik Das
- Department of Biotechnology, Biotechnology Research and Innovation Council-National Institute of Biomedical Genomics, Kalyani, West Bengal, India
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Zhu B, Gu H, Mao Z, Beeraka NM, Zhao X, Anand MP, Zheng Y, Zhao R, Li S, Manogaran P, Fan R, Nikolenko VN, Wen H, Basappa B, Liu J. Global burden of gynaecological cancers in 2022 and projections to 2050. J Glob Health 2024; 14:04155. [PMID: 39148469 PMCID: PMC11327849 DOI: 10.7189/jogh.14.04155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The incidence and mortality of gynaecological cancers can significantly impact women's quality of life and increase the health care burden for organisations globally. The objective of this study was to evaluate global inequalities in the incidence and mortality of gynaecological cancers in 2022, based on The Global Cancer Observatory (GLOBOCAN) 2022 estimates. The future burden of gynaecological cancers (GCs) in 2050 was also projected. Methods Data regarding to the total cases and deaths related to gynaecological cancer, as well as cases and deaths pertaining to different subtypes of GCs, gathered from the GLOBOCAN database for the year 2022. Predictions for the number of cases and deaths in the year 2050 were derived from global demographic projections, categorised by world region and Human Development Index (HDI). Results In 2022, there were 1 473 427 new cases of GCs and 680 372 deaths. The incidence of gynecological cancer reached 30.3 per 100 000, and the mortality rate hit 13.2 per 100 000. The age-standardised incidence of GCs in Eastern Africa is higher than 50 per 100 000, whereas the age-standardised incidence in Northern Africa is 17.1 per 100 000. The highest mortality rates were found in East Africa (ASMR (age-standardised mortality rates) of 35.3 per 100 000) and the lowest in Australia and New Zealand (ASMR of 8.1 per 100 000). These are related to the endemic areas of HIV and HPV. Very High HDI countries had the highest incidence of GCs, with ASIR (age-standardised incidence rates) of 34.8 per 100 000, and low HDI countries had the second highest incidence rate, with an ASIR of 33.0 per 100 000. Eswatini had the highest incidence and mortality (105.4 per 100 000; 71.1 per 100 000) and Yemen the lowest (5.8 per 100 000; 4.4 per 100 000). If the current trends in morbidity and mortality are maintained, number of new cases and deaths from female reproductive tract tumours is projected to increase over the next two decades. Conclusions In 2022, gynaecological cancers accounted for 1 473 427 new cases and 680 372 deaths globally, with significant regional disparities in incidence and mortality rates. The highest rates were observed in Eastern Africa and countries with very high and low HDI, with Eswatini recording the most severe statistics. If current trends continue, the number of new cases and deaths from gynaecological cancers is expected to rise over the next two decades, highlighting the urgent need for effective interventions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Binhua Zhu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Hao Gu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Cancer Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhihan Mao
- Henan Medical College, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Narasimha M Beeraka
- Raghavendra Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (RIPER), Anantapuramu, Chiyyedu, Andhra Pradesh, India
- Herman B. Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
- Department of Human Anatomy and Histology, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Xiang Zhao
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Mahesh Padukudru Anand
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, JSS Medical College, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research (JSS AHER), Mysuru, Karnataka, India
| | - Yufei Zheng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Cancer Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ruiwen Zhao
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Cancer Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Siting Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Cancer Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Prasath Manogaran
- Department of Biotechnology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
- Department of Clinical and Translational Sciences, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, West Virginia, USA
| | - Ruitai Fan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Cancer Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Vladimir N Nikolenko
- Department of Human Anatomy and Histology, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Haixiao Wen
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Basappa Basappa
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Department of Studies in Organic Chemistry, University of Mysore, Mysore, Karnataka, India
| | - Junqi Liu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Cancer Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Biswas P, Kaium MA, Islam Tareq MM, Tauhida SJ, Hossain MR, Siam LS, Parvez A, Bibi S, Hasan MH, Rahman MM, Hosen D, Islam Siddiquee MA, Ahmed N, Sohel M, Azad SA, Alhadrami AH, Kamel M, Alamoudi MK, Hasan MN, Abdel-Daim MM. The experimental significance of isorhamnetin as an effective therapeutic option for cancer: A comprehensive analysis. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 176:116860. [PMID: 38861855 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2024] [Revised: 05/26/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Isorhamnetin (C16H12O7), a 3'-O-methylated derivative of quercetin from the class of flavonoids, is predominantly present in the leaves and fruits of several plants, many of which have traditionally been employed as remedies due to its diverse therapeutic activities. The objective of this in-depth analysis is to concentrate on Isorhamnetin by addressing its molecular insights as an effective anticancer compound and its synergistic activity with other anticancer drugs. The main contributors to Isorhamnetin's anti-malignant activities at the molecular level have been identified as alterations of a variety of signal transduction processes and transcriptional agents. These include ROS-mediated cell cycle arrest and apoptosis, inhibition of mTOR and P13K pathway, suppression of MEK1, PI3K, NF-κB, and Akt/ERK pathways, and inhibition of Hypoxia Inducible Factor (HIF)-1α expression. A significant number of in vitro and in vivo research studies have confirmed that it destroys cancerous cells by arresting cell cycle at the G2/M phase and S-phase, down-regulating COX-2 protein expression, PI3K, Akt, mTOR, MEK1, ERKs, and PI3K signaling pathways, and up-regulating apoptosis-induced genes (Casp3, Casp9, and Apaf1), Bax, Caspase-3, P53 gene expression and mitochondrial-dependent apoptosis pathway. Its ability to suppress malignant cells, evidence of synergistic effects, and design of drugs based on nanomedicine are also well supported to treat cancer patients effectively. Together, our findings establish a crucial foundation for understanding Isorhamnetin's underlying anti-cancer mechanism in cancer cells and reinforce the case for the requirement to assess more exact molecular signaling pathways relating to specific cancer and in vivo anti-cancer activities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Partha Biswas
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore 7408, Bangladesh; ABEx Bio-Research Center, East Azampur, Dhaka 1230, Bangladesh
| | - Md Abu Kaium
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore 7408, Bangladesh
| | - Md Mohaimenul Islam Tareq
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore 7408, Bangladesh
| | - Sadia Jannat Tauhida
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore 7408, Bangladesh
| | - Md Ridoy Hossain
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore 7408, Bangladesh
| | - Labib Shahriar Siam
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore 7408, Bangladesh
| | - Anwar Parvez
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka 1216, Bangladesh
| | - Shabana Bibi
- Department of Biosciences, Shifa Tameer-e-Millat University, Islamabad 41000, Pakistan
| | - Md Hasibul Hasan
- Department of Food Engineering, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalgonj 8100, Bangladesh
| | - Md Moshiur Rahman
- Department of Information Systems Security, Faculty of Science & Technology, Bangladesh University of Professionals, Mirpur 1216, Bangladesh
| | - Delwar Hosen
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, North South University, Dhaka 1229, Bangladesh
| | | | - Nasim Ahmed
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Life Science, Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University, Tangail 1902, Bangladesh
| | - Md Sohel
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Primeasia University, Banani, Dhaka 1213, Bangladesh
| | - Salauddin Al Azad
- Immunoinformatics and Vaccinomics Research Unit, RPG Interface Lab, Jashore 7400, Bangladesh
| | - Albaraa H Alhadrami
- Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, P.O.Box 80402, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed Kamel
- Department of Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza 12211, Egypt
| | - Mariam K Alamoudi
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Md Nazmul Hasan
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore 7408, Bangladesh.
| | - Mohamed M Abdel-Daim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmacy Program, Batterjee Medical College, P.O. Box 6231, Jeddah 21442, Saudi Arabia; Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Betova T, Trifonov R, Popovska S, Yordanov A, Karakadieva K, Dancheva Z, Kostov S. Primary Vaginal Mucinous Adenocarcinoma of Intestinal Type-Clinical, Radiological and Morphological Aspects. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2024; 60:525. [PMID: 38674171 PMCID: PMC11052341 DOI: 10.3390/medicina60040525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Neoplasms of the vagina are rare and account for 1-2% of all tumors of the female reproductive system. Primary neoplasms of the vagina are most often carcinomas originating from squamous or glandular epithelium. Of the primary glandular tumors, clear cell, endometrioid, and serous adenocarcinomas are the most common types, while mucinous and mesonephric types are very rare. Mucinous adenocarcinoma is histologically subclassified into endocervical and intestinal types. We add to the existing literature another case of an extremely rare gynecological neoplasm-primary vaginal mucinous adenocarcinoma (PVMAC) intestinal type associated with vaginal villous adenoma with high-grade dysplasia. We discuss the clinical, radiological and morphological features of this rare entity. Materials and Methods: We report a case of a 59-year-old woman with PVMAC intestinal type associated with vaginal villous adenoma with high-grade dysplasia. The patient was evaluated with a gynecological exam, and biopsy, curettage and tumor excision were performed. The positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET/CT) scan, at the level of the pelvis, supported the primary location of the disease. Histological and immunohistochemical methods were applied. Results: The gynecological examination of the vagina revealed an exophytic polypoid mass with a diameter of 3 cm, located on the posterior wall, in the area of introitus vaginae. The PET/CT scan revealed a hypermetabolic malignant formation involving the vagina and anal canal, without evidence of pelvic and inguinal lymphadenopathy, and also, it excluded disease at sites other than the vagina. The histological and immunohistochemical investigations, as well as the clinical and radiological data, lent support to the diagnosis "primary vaginal mucinous adenocarcinoma intestinal type". Conclusions: PVMAC intestinal type is a rare gynecological pathology, which presents a serious challenge for oncogynecologists, radiologists and pathologists.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tatyana Betova
- Department of Pathologoanatomy, Medical University—Pleven, 5800 Pleven, Bulgaria; (T.B.); (S.P.)
| | - Radoslav Trifonov
- Department of Radiology and Radiotherapy, Medical University—Pleven, 5800 Pleven, Bulgaria
| | - Savelina Popovska
- Department of Pathologoanatomy, Medical University—Pleven, 5800 Pleven, Bulgaria; (T.B.); (S.P.)
| | - Angel Yordanov
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, Medical University—Pleven, 5800 Pleven, Bulgaria; (A.Y.); (K.K.)
| | - Konstantina Karakadieva
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, Medical University—Pleven, 5800 Pleven, Bulgaria; (A.Y.); (K.K.)
| | - Zhivka Dancheva
- Department of Imaging Diagnostics, Interventional Radiology and Radiotherapy, Medical University—“Prof. Dr. Paraskev Stoyanov”, 9002 Varna, Bulgaria;
| | - Stoyan Kostov
- Department of Gynecology, Hospital “Saint Anna”, Medical University—“Prof. Dr. Paraskev Stoyanov”, 9002 Varna, Bulgaria;
- Research Institute, Medical University—Pleven, 5800 Pleven, Bulgaria
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Condrat CE, Cretoiu D, Radoi VE, Mihele DM, Tovaru M, Bordea CI, Voinea SC, Suciu N. Unraveling Immunological Dynamics: HPV Infection in Women-Insights from Pregnancy. Viruses 2023; 15:2011. [PMID: 37896788 PMCID: PMC10611104 DOI: 10.3390/v15102011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2023] [Revised: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
During pregnancy, hormonal and immune adaptations are vital for supporting the genetically distinct fetus during elevated infection risks. The global prevalence of HPV necessitates its consideration during pregnancy. Despite a seemingly mild immune response, historical gestational viral infections underscore its significance. Acknowledging the established HPV infection risks during pregnancy, our review explores the unfolding immunological changes in pregnant women with HPV. Our analysis aims to uncover strategies for safely modulating the immune system, mitigating adverse pregnancy consequences, and enhancing maternal and child health. This comprehensive narrative review delves into the existing knowledge and studies on this topic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Elena Condrat
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Polizu Clinical Hospital, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Eroii Sanitari Blvd., 050474 Bucharest, Romania; (C.E.C.)
| | - Dragos Cretoiu
- Department of Genetics, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Eroii Sanitari Blvd., 050474 Bucharest, Romania; (D.C.); (V.E.R.)
- Fetal Medicine Excellence Research Center, Alessandrescu-Rusescu National Institute for Mother and Child Health, 020395 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Viorica Elena Radoi
- Department of Genetics, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Eroii Sanitari Blvd., 050474 Bucharest, Romania; (D.C.); (V.E.R.)
- Fetal Medicine Excellence Research Center, Alessandrescu-Rusescu National Institute for Mother and Child Health, 020395 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Dana Mihaela Mihele
- Department of Dermatology, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Eroii Sanitari Blvd., 050474 Bucharest, Romania
- Dermatology Department, Victor Babes Clinical Hospital of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, 030303 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Mihaela Tovaru
- Department of Dermatology, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Eroii Sanitari Blvd., 050474 Bucharest, Romania
- Dermatology Department, Victor Babes Clinical Hospital of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, 030303 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Cristian Ioan Bordea
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Prof. Dr. Alexandru Trestioreanu Oncology Institute, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 252 Fundeni Rd., 022328 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Silviu Cristian Voinea
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Prof. Dr. Alexandru Trestioreanu Oncology Institute, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 252 Fundeni Rd., 022328 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Nicolae Suciu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Polizu Clinical Hospital, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Eroii Sanitari Blvd., 050474 Bucharest, Romania; (C.E.C.)
- Fetal Medicine Excellence Research Center, Alessandrescu-Rusescu National Institute for Mother and Child Health, 020395 Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Polizu Clinical Hospital, Alessandrescu-Rusescu National Institute for Mother and Child Health, 020395 Bucharest, Romania
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Bizzarri N, Pavone M, Loverro M, Querleu D, Fagotti A, Scambia G. Ovarian preservation in gynecologic oncology: current indications and techniques. Curr Opin Oncol 2023; 35:401-411. [PMID: 37498120 DOI: 10.1097/cco.0000000000000969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Early menopause represents a relevant clinical issue for women. Nevertheless, this issue should be balanced with the risks of ovarian metastasis, ovarian recurrence, and the risk of recurrence in hormone-sensitive gynecological cancers. The purpose of this review was to provide an overview on current indications and techniques of ovarian preservation in patients with gynecological cancers. RECENT FINDINGS The potential discussion about ovarian conservation could be proposed to patients with FIGO-stage IA grade 1-2 endometrioid endometrial cancer aged 40 years or less, FIGO-stage IB1-IB2 node-negative cervical cancer with squamous cell carcinoma and HPV-associated adenocarcinoma, FIGO-stage IA-IC grade 1-2 serous, endometrioid, mucinous expansile pattern ovarian cancer, any stage germ cell ovarian tumors, and FIGO-stage IA sex cord-stromal tumors. Technique to perform ovarian transposition in cervix cancer is also reported. SUMMARY Ovarian conservation is a surgical approach that involves preserving one or both ovaries during the treatment of gynecologic cancers. This approach has gained popularity in recent years, as it offers several benefits to the patient, including the preservation of hormonal function and fertility. The decision to perform ovarian conservation depends on several factors, such as the stage and type of cancer, the patient's age, fertility desire, and should be carefully discussed with patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicolò Bizzarri
- UOC Ginecologia Oncologica, Dipartimento per la salute della Donna e del Bambino e della Salute Pubblica, Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS
| | - Matteo Pavone
- UOC Ginecologia Oncologica, Dipartimento per la salute della Donna e del Bambino e della Salute Pubblica, Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS
| | - Matteo Loverro
- UOC Ginecologia Oncologica, Dipartimento per la salute della Donna e del Bambino e della Salute Pubblica, Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS
| | - Denis Querleu
- UOC Ginecologia Oncologica, Dipartimento per la salute della Donna e del Bambino e della Salute Pubblica, Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS
| | - Anna Fagotti
- UOC Ginecologia Oncologica, Dipartimento per la salute della Donna e del Bambino e della Salute Pubblica, Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS
- Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanni Scambia
- UOC Ginecologia Oncologica, Dipartimento per la salute della Donna e del Bambino e della Salute Pubblica, Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS
- Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Sharafutdinova KI, Shlyapina VS, Baeva AI, Timurshin AA, Sabanaeva IE, Nakieva AG, Kalashnikova MF, Khabibov MN. [Diabetes mellitus and the female reproductive system tumors]. PROBLEMY ENDOKRINOLOGII 2023; 69:103-110. [PMID: 37448252 DOI: 10.14341/probl13282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
The article discusses various pathophysiological conditions and processes that lead to the development of tumors in diabetes mellitus. These include obesity, hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, inflammation, and oxidative stress. The data of epidemiological studies are given, in which it was found that diabetes mellitus (both type 1 and type 2) increases the risk of developing the female reproductive system tumors, such as ovarian cancer, endometrial cancer, while for cervical cancer, vaginal cancer and vulvar cancer, such a relationship has not been clearly identified.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - V S Shlyapina
- Russian National Research Medical University named after N.I. Pirogov
| | - A I Baeva
- Russian National Research Medical University named after N.I. Pirogov
| | | | | | | | | | - M N Khabibov
- First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University)
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Biswas P, Bibi S, Yousafi Q, Mehmood A, Saleem S, Ihsan A, Dey D, Hasan Zilani MN, Hasan MN, Saleem R, Awaji AA, Fahmy UA, Abdel-Daim MM. Study of MDM2 as Prognostic Biomarker in Brain-LGG Cancer and Bioactive Phytochemicals Inhibit the p53-MDM2 Pathway: A Computational Drug Development Approach. Molecules 2023; 28:2977. [PMID: 37049742 PMCID: PMC10095937 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28072977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
An evaluation of the expression and predictive significance of the MDM2 gene in brain lower-grade glioma (LGG) cancer was carried out using onco-informatics pipelines. Several transcriptome servers were used to measure the differential expression of the targeted MDM2 gene and search mutations and copy number variations. GENT2, Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis, Onco-Lnc, and PrognoScan were used to figure out the survival rate of LGG cancer patients. The protein-protein interaction networks between MDM2 gene and its co-expressed genes were constructed by Gene-MANIA tool. Identified bioactive phytochemicals were evaluated through molecular docking using Schrödinger Suite Software, with the MDM2 (PDB ID: 1RV1) target. Protein-ligand interactions were observed with key residues of the macromolecular target. A molecular dynamics simulation of the novel bioactive compounds with the targeted protein was performed. Phytochemicals targeting MDM2 protein, such as Taxifolin and (-)-Epicatechin, have been shown with more highly stable results as compared to the control drug, and hence, concluded that phytochemicals with bioactive potential might be alternative therapeutic options for the management of LGG patients. Our once informatics-based designed pipeline has indicated that the MDM2 gene may have been a predictive biomarker for LGG cancer and selected phytochemicals possessed outstanding interaction results within the macromolecular target's active site after utilizing in silico approaches. In vitro and in vivo experiments are recommended to confirm these outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Partha Biswas
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore 7408, Bangladesh
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore 7408, Bangladesh
- ABEx Bio-Research Center, East Azampur, Dhaka 1230, Bangladesh
| | - Shabana Bibi
- Department of Biosciences, Shifa Tameer-e-Millat University, Islamabad 41000, Pakistan
- Yunnan Herbal Laboratory, College of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China
| | - Qudsia Yousafi
- Department of Biosciences, Sahiwal Campus, COMSATS University Islamabad, Sahiwal 57000, Pakistan
| | - Asim Mehmood
- Department of Biosciences, Sahiwal Campus, COMSATS University Islamabad, Sahiwal 57000, Pakistan
| | - Shahzad Saleem
- Department of Biosciences, Sahiwal Campus, COMSATS University Islamabad, Sahiwal 57000, Pakistan
| | - Awais Ihsan
- Department of Biosciences, Sahiwal Campus, COMSATS University Islamabad, Sahiwal 57000, Pakistan
| | - Dipta Dey
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Life Science Faculty, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalgonj 8100, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Nazmul Hasan Zilani
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore 7408, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Nazmul Hasan
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore 7408, Bangladesh
| | - Rasha Saleem
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Albaha University, Al Bahah 65431, Saudi Arabia
| | - Aeshah A. Awaji
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University College of Taymaa, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71491, Saudi Arabia
| | - Usama A. Fahmy
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed M. Abdel-Daim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmacy Program, Batterjee Medical College, P.O. Box 6231, Jeddah 21442, Saudi Arabia
- Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Molecular Dynamics Simulation and Pharmacoinformatic Integrated Analysis of Bioactive Phytochemicals from Azadirachta indica (Neem) to Treat Diabetes Mellitus. J CHEM-NY 2023. [DOI: 10.1155/2023/4170703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a chronic hormonal and metabolic disorder in which our body cannot generate necessary insulin or does not act in response to it, accordingly, ensuing in discordantly high blood sugar (glucose) levels. Diabetes mellitus can lead to systemic dysfunction in the multiorgan system, including cardiac dysfunction, severe kidney disease, lowered quality of life, and increased mortality risk from diabetic complications. To uncover possible therapeutic targets to treat diabetes mellitus, the in silico drug design technique is widely used, which connects the ligand molecules with target proteins to construct a protein-ligand network. To identify new therapeutic targets for type 2 diabetes mellitus, Azadirachta indica is subjected to phytochemical screening using in silico molecular docking, pharmacokinetic behavior analysis, and simulation-based molecular dynamic analysis. This study has analyzed around 63 phytochemical compounds, and the initial selection of the compounds was made by analyzing their pharmacokinetic properties by comparing them with Lipinski’s rule of 5. The selected compounds were subjected to molecular docking. The top four ligand compounds were reported along with the control drug nateglinide based on their highest negative molecular binding affinity. The protein-ligand interaction of selected compounds has been analyzed to understand better how compounds interact with the targeted protein structure. The results of the in silico analysis revealed that 7-Deacetyl-7-oxogedunin had the highest negative docking score of −8.9 Kcal/mol and also demonstrated standard stability in a 100 ns molecular dynamic simulation performed with insulin receptor ectodomain. It has been found that these substances may rank among the essential supplementary antidiabetic drugs for treating type 2 diabetes mellitus. It is suggested that more in vivo and in vitro research studies be carried out to support the conclusions drawn from this in silico research strategy.
Collapse
|
12
|
A Comprehensive Analysis and Anti-Cancer Activities of Quercetin in ROS-Mediated Cancer and Cancer Stem Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911746. [PMID: 36233051 PMCID: PMC9569933 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) induce carcinogenesis by causing genetic mutations, activating oncogenes, and increasing oxidative stress, all of which affect cell proliferation, survival, and apoptosis. When compared to normal cells, cancer cells have higher levels of ROS, and they are responsible for the maintenance of the cancer phenotype; this unique feature in cancer cells may, therefore, be exploited for targeted therapy. Quercetin (QC), a plant-derived bioflavonoid, is known for its ROS scavenging properties and was recently discovered to have various antitumor properties in a variety of solid tumors. Adaptive stress responses may be induced by persistent ROS stress, allowing cancer cells to survive with high levels of ROS while maintaining cellular viability. However, large amounts of ROS make cancer cells extremely susceptible to quercetin, one of the most available dietary flavonoids. Because of the molecular and metabolic distinctions between malignant and normal cells, targeting ROS metabolism might help overcome medication resistance and achieve therapeutic selectivity while having little or no effect on normal cells. The powerful bioactivity and modulatory role of quercetin has prompted extensive research into the chemical, which has identified a number of pathways that potentially work together to prevent cancer, alongside, QC has a great number of evidences to use as a therapeutic agent in cancer stem cells. This current study has broadly demonstrated the function-mechanistic relationship of quercetin and how it regulates ROS generation to kill cancer and cancer stem cells. Here, we have revealed the regulation and production of ROS in normal cells and cancer cells with a certain signaling mechanism. We demonstrated the specific molecular mechanisms of quercetin including MAPK/ERK1/2, p53, JAK/STAT and TRAIL, AMPKα1/ASK1/p38, RAGE/PI3K/AKT/mTOR axis, HMGB1 and NF-κB, Nrf2-induced signaling pathways and certain cell cycle arrest in cancer cell death, and how they regulate the specific cancer signaling pathways as long-searched cancer therapeutics.
Collapse
|