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Behrens D, Pfohl U, Conrad T, Becker M, Brzezicha B, Büttner B, Wagner S, Hallas C, Lawlor R, Khazak V, Linnebacher M, Wartmann T, Fichtner I, Hoffmann J, Dahlmann M, Walther W. Establishment and Thorough Characterization of Xenograft (PDX) Models Derived from Patients with Pancreatic Cancer for Molecular Analyses and Chemosensitivity Testing. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:5753. [PMID: 38136299 PMCID: PMC10741928 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15245753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Patient-derived xenograft (PDX) tumor models are essential for identifying new biomarkers, signaling pathways and novel targets, to better define key factors of therapy response and resistance mechanisms. Therefore, this study aimed at establishing pancreas carcinoma (PC) PDX models with thorough molecular characterization, and the identification of signatures defining responsiveness toward drug treatment. In total, 45 PC-PDXs were generated from 120 patient tumor specimens and the identity of PDX and corresponding patient tumors was validated. The majority of engrafted PDX models represent ductal adenocarcinomas (PDAC). The PDX growth characteristics were assessed, with great variations in doubling times (4 to 32 days). The mutational analyses revealed an individual mutational profile of the PDXs, predominantly showing alterations in the genes encoding KRAS, TP53, FAT1, KMT2D, MUC4, RNF213, ATR, MUC16, GNAS, RANBP2 and CDKN2A. Sensitivity of PDX toward standard of care (SoC) drugs gemcitabine, 5-fluorouracil, oxaliplatin and abraxane, and combinations thereof, revealed PDX models with sensitivity and resistance toward these treatments. We performed correlation analyses of drug sensitivity of these PDX models and their molecular profile to identify signatures for response and resistance. This study strongly supports the importance and value of PDX models for improvement in therapies of PC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Behrens
- Experimental Pharmacology and Oncology GmbH, Robert-Rössle-Str. 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany (M.D.)
| | - Ulrike Pfohl
- Experimental Pharmacology and Oncology GmbH, Robert-Rössle-Str. 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany (M.D.)
- CELLphenomics GmbH, Robert-Rössle-Str. 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Theresia Conrad
- Experimental Pharmacology and Oncology GmbH, Robert-Rössle-Str. 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany (M.D.)
| | - Michael Becker
- Experimental Pharmacology and Oncology GmbH, Robert-Rössle-Str. 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany (M.D.)
| | - Bernadette Brzezicha
- Experimental Pharmacology and Oncology GmbH, Robert-Rössle-Str. 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany (M.D.)
| | - Britta Büttner
- Experimental Pharmacology and Oncology GmbH, Robert-Rössle-Str. 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany (M.D.)
| | - Silvia Wagner
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplant Surgery, University Hospital Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Cora Hallas
- Institut für Hämatopathologie, Fangdieckstr. 75, 22547 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Rita Lawlor
- ARC-Net Research Center, University and Hospital Trust of Verona, Piazzale A. Scuro 10, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | | | - Michael Linnebacher
- Clinic of General Surgery, Molecular Oncology and Immunotherapy, University Medical Center Rostock, 18057 Rostock, Germany
| | - Thomas Wartmann
- University Clinic for General, Visceral, Vascular and Transplantation Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Otto-von-Guericke-University, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Iduna Fichtner
- Experimental Pharmacology and Oncology GmbH, Robert-Rössle-Str. 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany (M.D.)
| | - Jens Hoffmann
- Experimental Pharmacology and Oncology GmbH, Robert-Rössle-Str. 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany (M.D.)
| | - Mathias Dahlmann
- Experimental Pharmacology and Oncology GmbH, Robert-Rössle-Str. 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany (M.D.)
| | - Wolfgang Walther
- Experimental Pharmacology and Oncology GmbH, Robert-Rössle-Str. 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany (M.D.)
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Lindenberger Weg 80, 13125 Berlin, Germany
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine, Robert-Rössle-Str. 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany
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Alcaniz J, Winkler L, Dahlmann M, Becker M, Orthmann A, Haybaeck J, Krassnig S, Skofler C, Kratzsch T, Kuhn SA, Jödicke A, Linnebacher M, Fichtner I, Walther W, Hoffmann J. Clinically relevant glioblastoma patient-derived xenograft models to guide drug development and identify molecular signatures. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1129627. [PMID: 37114125 PMCID: PMC10126369 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1129627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) heterogeneity, aggressiveness and infiltrative growth drastically limit success of current standard of care drugs and efficacy of various new therapeutic approaches. There is a need for new therapies and models reflecting the complex biology of these tumors to analyze the molecular mechanisms of tumor formation and resistance, as well as to identify new therapeutic targets. We established and screened a panel of 26 patient-derived subcutaneous (s.c.) xenograft (PDX) GBM models on immunodeficient mice, of which 15 were also established as orthotopic models. Sensitivity toward a drug panel, selected for their different modes of action, was determined. Best treatment responses were observed for standard of care temozolomide, irinotecan and bevacizumab. Matching orthotopic models frequently show reduced sensitivity, as the blood-brain barrier limits crossing of the drugs to the GBM. Molecular characterization of 23 PDX identified all of them as IDH-wt (R132) with frequent mutations in EGFR, TP53, FAT1, and within the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway. Their expression profiles resemble proposed molecular GBM subtypes mesenchymal, proneural and classical, with pronounced clustering for gene sets related to angiogenesis and MAPK signaling. Subsequent gene set enrichment analysis identified hallmark gene sets of hypoxia and mTORC1 signaling as enriched in temozolomide resistant PDX. In models sensitive for mTOR inhibitor everolimus, hypoxia-related gene sets reactive oxygen species pathway and angiogenesis were enriched. Our results highlight how our platform of s.c. GBM PDX can reflect the complex, heterogeneous biology of GBM. Combined with transcriptome analyses, it is a valuable tool in identification of molecular signatures correlating with monitored responses. Available matching orthotopic PDX models can be used to assess the impact of the tumor microenvironment and blood-brain barrier on efficacy. Our GBM PDX panel therefore represents a valuable platform for screening regarding molecular markers and pharmacologically active drugs, as well as optimizing delivery of active drugs to the tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Alcaniz
- Experimental Pharmacology and Oncology GmbH, Berlin, Germany
- *Correspondence: Joshua Alcaniz,
| | - Lars Winkler
- Experimental Pharmacology and Oncology GmbH, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Michael Becker
- Experimental Pharmacology and Oncology GmbH, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andrea Orthmann
- Experimental Pharmacology and Oncology GmbH, Berlin, Germany
| | - Johannes Haybaeck
- Department of Neuropathology, Diagnostic & Research Center for Molecular BioMedicine, Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- Center for Biomarker Research in Medicine, Graz, Austria
- Institute of Pathology, Neuropathology, and Molecular Pathology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Stefanie Krassnig
- Department of Neuropathology, Diagnostic & Research Center for Molecular BioMedicine, Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | | | - Tobias Kratzsch
- Department of Neurosurgery, Charité Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Susanne A. Kuhn
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ernst von Bergmann Hospital, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Andreas Jödicke
- Department of Neurosurgery, Vivantes Hospital Berlin Neukölln, Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael Linnebacher
- Department of Surgery, Molecular Oncology and Immunotherapy, University Medical Center Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Iduna Fichtner
- Experimental Pharmacology and Oncology GmbH, Berlin, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Walther
- Experimental Pharmacology and Oncology GmbH, Berlin, Germany
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Charité Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jens Hoffmann
- Experimental Pharmacology and Oncology GmbH, Berlin, Germany
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