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Yu Q, Gao Y, Dai W, Li D, Zhang L, Hameed MMA, Guo R, Liu M, Shi X, Cao X. Cell Membrane-Camouflaged Chitosan-Polypyrrole Nanogels Co-Deliver Drug and Gene for Targeted Chemotherapy and Bone Metastasis Inhibition of Prostate Cancer. Adv Healthc Mater 2024:e2400114. [PMID: 38581263 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202400114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 03/30/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024]
Abstract
The development of functional nanoplatforms to improve the chemotherapy outcome and inhibit distal cancer cell metastasis remains an extreme challenge in cancer management. In this work, a human-derived PC-3 cancer cell membrane-camouflaged chitosan-polypyrrole nanogel (CH-PPy NG) platform, which can be loaded with chemotherapeutic drug docetaxel (DTX) and RANK siRNA for targeted chemotherapy and gene silencing-mediated metastasis inhibition of late-stage prostate cancer in a mouse model, is reported. The prepared NGs with a size of 155.8 nm show good biocompatibility, pH-responsive drug release profile, and homologous targeting specificity to cancer cells, allowing for efficient and precise drug/gene co-delivery. Through in-vivo antitumor treatment in a xenografted PC-3 mouse tumor model, it is shown that such a CH-PPy NG-facilitated co-delivery system allows for effective chemotherapy to slow down the tumor growth rate, and effectively inhibits the metastasis of prostate cancer to the bone via downregulation of the RANK/RANKL signaling pathway. The created CH-Ppy NGs may be utilized as a promising platform for enhanced chemotherapy and anti-metastasis treatment of prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuyu Yu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Nano-Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine, College of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Yue Gao
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Nano-Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine, College of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Waicong Dai
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Nano-Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine, College of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Danni Li
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Nano-Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine, College of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Nano-Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine, College of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Meera Moydeen Abdul Hameed
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rui Guo
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Nano-Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine, College of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Min Liu
- Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200336, China
| | - Xiangyang Shi
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Nano-Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine, College of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
- CQM - Centro de Química da Madeira, University of Madeira, Campus Universitário da Penteada, Funchal, 9020-105, Portugal
| | - Xueyan Cao
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Nano-Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine, College of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
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Zhang X, Li H, Wang Y, Zhao H, Wang Z, Chan FL. Nuclear receptor NURR1 functions to promote stemness and epithelial-mesenchymal transition in prostate cancer via its targeting of Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Cell Death Dis 2024; 15:234. [PMID: 38531859 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-024-06621-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
Dysregulated activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway is a frequent or common event during advanced progression of multiple cancers. With this signaling activation, it enhances their tumorigenic growth and facilitates metastasis and therapy resistance. Advances show that this signaling pathway can play dual regulatory roles in the control of cellular processes epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and cancer stemness in cancer progression. Aberrant activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway is shown to be common in prostate cancer and also castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). However, the transcriptional regulators of this pathway in prostate cancer are still not well characterized. NURR1 (NR4A2) is an orphan nuclear receptor and plays an important role in the development of dopaminergic neurons. Previously, we have shown that NURR1 exhibits an upregulation in isolated prostate cancer stem-like cells (PCSCs) and a xenograft model of CRPC. In this study, we further confirmed that NURR1 exhibited an upregulation in prostate cancer and also enhanced expression in prostate cancer cell lines. Functional and molecular analyses showed that NURR1 could act to promote both in vitro (cancer stemness and EMT) and also in vivo oncogenic growth of prostate cancer cells (metastasis and castration resistance) via its direct transactivation of CTNNB1 (β-catenin) and activation of β-catenin to mediate the activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Moreover, we also demonstrated that NURR1 activity in prostate cancer cells could be modulated by small molecules, implicating that NURR1 could be a potential therapeutic target for advanced prostate cancer management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingxing Zhang
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Haolong Li
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Urology, The People's Hospital of Longhua, Shenzhen, 518109, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuliang Wang
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hui Zhao
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zhu Wang
- Department of Urology, The People's Hospital of Longhua, Shenzhen, 518109, Guangdong, China.
| | - Franky Leung Chan
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
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Güler G, Acikgoz E, Mukhtarova G, Oktem G. Biomolecular fingerprints of the effect of zoledronic acid on prostate cancer stem cells: Comparison of 2D and 3D cell culture models. Arch Biochem Biophys 2024; 753:109920. [PMID: 38307315 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2024.109920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024]
Abstract
Revealing the potential of candidate drugs against different cancer types without disrupting normal cells depends on the drug mode of action. In the current study, the drug response of prostate cancer stem cells (PCSCs) to zoledronic acid (ZOL) grown in two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) culture systems was compared using Fourier transform-infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy which is a vibrational spectroscopic technique, supporting by biochemical assays and imaging techniques. Based on our data, in 2D cell culture conditions, the ZOL treatment of PCSCs isolated according to both C133 and CD44 cell surface properties induced early/late apoptosis and suppressed migration ability. The CD133 gene expression and protein levels were altered, depending on culture systems. CD133 expression was significantly reduced in 2D cells upon ZOL treatment. FT-IR data revealed that the integrity, fluidity, and ordering/disordering states of the cell membrane and nucleic acid content were altered in both 2D and 3D cells after ZOL treatment. Regular protein structures decrease in 2D cells while glycogen and protein contents increase in 3D cells, indicating a more pronounced cytotoxic effect of ZOL for 2D cells. Untreated 3D PCSCs exhibited an even different spectral profile associated with IR signals of lipids, proteins, nucleic acids, and glycogen in comparison to untreated 2D cells. Our study revealed significant differences in the drug response and cellular constituents between 2D and 3D cells. Exploring molecular targets and/or drug-action mechanisms is significant in cancer treatment approaches; thus, FT-IR spectroscopy can be successfully applied as a novel drug-screening method in clinical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Günnur Güler
- Biophysics Laboratory, Department of Physics, Izmir Institute of Technology, Urla, 35433, Izmir, Turkey.
| | - Eda Acikgoz
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Van Yuzuncu Yil University, 65080, Van, Turkey.
| | - Günel Mukhtarova
- Department of Basic Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Ege University, 35550, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Gulperi Oktem
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Ege University, 35100, Izmir, Turkey
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Zheng K, Hai Y, Xi Y, Zhang Y, Liu Z, Chen W, Hu X, Zou X, Hao J. Integrative multi-omics analysis unveils stemness-associated molecular subtypes in prostate cancer and pan-cancer: prognostic and therapeutic significance. J Transl Med 2023; 21:789. [PMID: 37936202 PMCID: PMC10629187 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04683-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prostate cancer (PCA) is the fifth leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide, with limited treatment options in the advanced stages. The immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) of PCA results in lower sensitivity to immunotherapy. Although molecular subtyping is expected to offer important clues for precision treatment of PCA, there is currently a shortage of dependable and effective molecular typing methods available for clinical practice. Therefore, we aim to propose a novel stemness-based classification approach to guide personalized clinical treatments, including immunotherapy. METHODS An integrative multi-omics analysis of PCA was performed to evaluate stemness-level heterogeneities. Unsupervised hierarchical clustering was used to classify PCAs based on stemness signature genes. To make stemness-based patient classification more clinically applicable, a stemness subtype predictor was jointly developed by using four PCA datasets and 76 machine learning algorithms. RESULTS We identified stemness signatures of PCA comprising 18 signaling pathways, by which we classified PCA samples into three stemness subtypes via unsupervised hierarchical clustering: low stemness (LS), medium stemness (MS), and high stemness (HS) subtypes. HS patients are sensitive to androgen deprivation therapy, taxanes, and immunotherapy and have the highest stemness, malignancy, tumor mutation load (TMB) levels, worst prognosis, and immunosuppression. LS patients are sensitive to platinum-based chemotherapy but resistant to immunotherapy and have the lowest stemness, malignancy, and TMB levels, best prognosis, and the highest immune infiltration. MS patients represent an intermediate status of stemness, malignancy, and TMB levels with a moderate prognosis. We further demonstrated that these three stemness subtypes are conserved across pan-tumor. Additionally, the 9-gene stemness subtype predictor we developed has a comparable capability to 18 signaling pathways to make tumor diagnosis and to predict tumor recurrence, metastasis, progression, prognosis, and efficacy of different treatments. CONCLUSIONS The three stemness subtypes we identified have the potential to be a powerful tool for clinical tumor molecular classification in PCA and pan-cancer, and to guide the selection of immunotherapy or other sensitive treatments for tumor patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Zheng
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Youlong Hai
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Yue Xi
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250013, Shandong, China
| | - Yukun Zhang
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine East Hospital, Zaozhuang Hospital, Zaozhuang, 277000, Shandong, China
| | - Zheqi Liu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Wantao Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center of Stomatology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Xiaoyong Hu
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200233, China.
| | - Xin Zou
- Jinshan Hospital Center for Tumor Diagnosis & Therapy, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201508, China.
- Department of Pathology, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201508, China.
| | - Jie Hao
- Institute of Clinical Science, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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Pospieszna J, Dams-Kozlowska H, Udomsak W, Murias M, Kucinska M. Unmasking the Deceptive Nature of Cancer Stem Cells: The Role of CD133 in Revealing Their Secrets. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10910. [PMID: 37446085 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241310910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer remains a leading cause of death globally, and its complexity poses a significant challenge to effective treatment. Cancer stem cells and their markers have become key players in tumor growth and progression. CD133, a marker in various cancer types, is an active research area as a potential therapeutic target. This article explores the role of CD133 in cancer treatment, beginning with an overview of cancer statistics and an explanation of cancer stem cells and their markers. The rise of CD133 is discussed, including its structure, functions, and occurrence in different cancer types. Furthermore, the article covers CD133 as a therapeutic target, focusing on gene therapy, immunotherapy, and approaches to affect CD133 expression. Nanoparticles such as gold nanoparticles and nanoliposomes are also discussed in the context of CD133-targeted therapy. In conclusion, CD133 is a promising therapeutic target for cancer treatment. As research in this area progresses, it is hoped that CD133-targeted therapies will offer new and effective treatment options for cancer patients in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Pospieszna
- Department of Toxicology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 30 Dojazd Street, 10 Uniwersytetu Poznanskiego Street, 60-631 Poznan, Poland
| | - Hanna Dams-Kozlowska
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 15 Garbary Street, 61-866 Poznan, Poland
- Department of Diagnostics and Cancer Immunology, Greater Poland Cancer Centre, 15 Garbary Street, 61-866 Poznan, Poland
| | - Wachirawit Udomsak
- Department of Toxicology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 30 Dojazd Street, 10 Uniwersytetu Poznanskiego Street, 60-631 Poznan, Poland
| | - Marek Murias
- Department of Toxicology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 30 Dojazd Street, 10 Uniwersytetu Poznanskiego Street, 60-631 Poznan, Poland
- Center for Advanced Technology, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznan, Uniwersytetu Poznanskiego 10 Street, 61-614 Poznan, Poland
| | - Malgorzata Kucinska
- Department of Toxicology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 30 Dojazd Street, 10 Uniwersytetu Poznanskiego Street, 60-631 Poznan, Poland
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Al Salhi Y, Sequi MB, Valenzi FM, Fuschi A, Martoccia A, Suraci PP, Carbone A, Tema G, Lombardo R, Cicione A, Pastore AL, De Nunzio C. Cancer Stem Cells and Prostate Cancer: A Narrative Review. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24097746. [PMID: 37175453 PMCID: PMC10178135 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24097746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are a small and elusive subpopulation of self-renewing cancer cells with the remarkable ability to initiate, propagate, and spread malignant disease. In the past years, several authors have focused on the possible role of CSCs in PCa development and progression. PCa CSCs typically originate from a luminal prostate cell. Three main pathways are involved in the CSC development, including the Wnt, Sonic Hedgehog, and Notch signaling pathways. Studies have observed an important role for epithelial mesenchymal transition in this process as well as for some specific miRNA. These studies led to the development of studies targeting these specific pathways to improve the management of PCa development and progression. CSCs in prostate cancer represent an actual and promising field of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yazan Al Salhi
- Urology Unit, Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences & Biotechnologies, Faculty of Pharmacy & Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 04100 Latina, Italy
| | - Manfredi Bruno Sequi
- Urology Unit, Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences & Biotechnologies, Faculty of Pharmacy & Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 04100 Latina, Italy
| | - Fabio Maria Valenzi
- Urology Unit, Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences & Biotechnologies, Faculty of Pharmacy & Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 04100 Latina, Italy
| | - Andrea Fuschi
- Urology Unit, Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences & Biotechnologies, Faculty of Pharmacy & Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 04100 Latina, Italy
| | - Alessia Martoccia
- Urology Unit, Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences & Biotechnologies, Faculty of Pharmacy & Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 04100 Latina, Italy
| | - Paolo Pietro Suraci
- Urology Unit, Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences & Biotechnologies, Faculty of Pharmacy & Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 04100 Latina, Italy
| | - Antonio Carbone
- Urology Unit, Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences & Biotechnologies, Faculty of Pharmacy & Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 04100 Latina, Italy
| | - Giorgia Tema
- Urology Unit, Sant'Andrea Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, 00189 Rome, Italy
| | - Riccardo Lombardo
- Urology Unit, Sant'Andrea Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, 00189 Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Cicione
- Urology Unit, Sant'Andrea Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, 00189 Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Luigi Pastore
- Urology Unit, Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences & Biotechnologies, Faculty of Pharmacy & Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 04100 Latina, Italy
| | - Cosimo De Nunzio
- Urology Unit, Sant'Andrea Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, 00189 Rome, Italy
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Ramesh S, Selvakumar P, Ameer MY, Lian S, Abdullah Alzarooni AIM, Ojha S, Mishra A, Tiwari A, Kaushik A, Jung YD, Chouaib S, Lakshmanan VK. State-of-the-art therapeutic strategies for targeting cancer stem cells in prostate cancer. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1059441. [PMID: 36969009 PMCID: PMC10035756 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1059441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of new therapeutic strategies is on the increase for prostate cancer stem cells, owing to current standardized therapies for prostate cancer, including chemotherapy, androgen deprivation therapy (ADT), radiotherapy, and surgery, often failing because of tumor relapse ability. Ultimately, tumor relapse develops into advanced castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC), which becomes an irreversible and systemic disease. Hence, early identification of the intracellular components and molecular networks that promote prostate cancer is crucial for disease management and therapeutic intervention. One of the potential therapeutic methods for aggressive prostate cancer is to target prostate cancer stem cells (PCSCs), which appear to be a primary focal point of cancer metastasis and recurrence and are resistant to standardized therapies. PCSCs have also been documented to play a major role in regulating tumorigenesis, sphere formation, and the metastasis ability of prostate cancer with their stemness features. Therefore, the current review highlights the origin and identification of PCSCs and their role in anti-androgen resistance, as well as stemness-related signaling pathways. In addition, the review focuses on the current advanced therapeutic strategies for targeting PCSCs that are helping to prevent prostate cancer initiation and progression, such as microRNAs (miRNAs), nanotechnology, chemotherapy, immunotherapy, the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated protein 9 (Cas9) gene-editing system, and photothermal ablation (PTA) therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saravanan Ramesh
- Prostate Cancer Biomarker Laboratory, Faculty of Clinical Research, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, India
| | - Preethi Selvakumar
- Prostate Cancer Biomarker Laboratory, Faculty of Clinical Research, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, India
| | - Mohamed Yazeer Ameer
- Prostate Cancer Biomarker Laboratory, Faculty of Clinical Research, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, India
| | - Sen Lian
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | | | - Shreesh Ojha
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Anshuman Mishra
- Translational Research & Sustainable Healthcare Management, Institute of Advanced Materials, IAAM, Ulrika, Sweden
| | - Ashutosh Tiwari
- Translational Research & Sustainable Healthcare Management, Institute of Advanced Materials, IAAM, Ulrika, Sweden
| | - Ajeet Kaushik
- NanoBioTech Laboratory, Department of Environmental Engineering, Florida Polytechnic University, Lakeland, FL, United States
- School of Engineering, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies (UPES), Dehradun, India
| | - Young Do Jung
- Department of Biochemistry, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Salem Chouaib
- Thumbay Research Institute for Precision Medicine, Gulf Medical University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
- INSERM UMR1186, Integrative Tumor Immunology and Genetic Oncology, Gustave Roussy, Equipe Labellisée par la Ligue Contre le Cancer, EPHE, Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | - Vinoth-Kumar Lakshmanan
- Prostate Cancer Biomarker Laboratory, Faculty of Clinical Research, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, India
- Translational Research & Sustainable Healthcare Management, Institute of Advanced Materials, IAAM, Ulrika, Sweden
- *Correspondence: Vinoth-Kumar Lakshmanan,
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Gogola S, Rejzer M, Bahmad HF, Alloush F, Omarzai Y, Poppiti R. Anti-Cancer Stem-Cell-Targeted Therapies in Prostate Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15051621. [PMID: 36900412 PMCID: PMC10000420 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15051621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is the second-most commonly diagnosed cancer in men around the world. It is treated using a risk stratification approach in accordance with the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) in the United States. The main treatment options for early PCa include external beam radiation therapy (EBRT), brachytherapy, radical prostatectomy, active surveillance, or a combination approach. In those with advanced disease, androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) is considered as a first-line therapy. However, the majority of cases eventually progress while receiving ADT, leading to castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). The near inevitable progression to CRPC has spurred the recent development of many novel medical treatments using targeted therapies. In this review, we outline the current landscape of stem-cell-targeted therapies for PCa, summarize their mechanisms of action, and discuss avenues of future development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Gogola
- Department of Translational Medicine, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA
| | - Michael Rejzer
- Department of Translational Medicine, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA
| | - Hisham F. Bahmad
- The Arkadi M. Rywlin M.D. Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Mount Sinai Medical Center, Miami Beach, FL 33140, USA
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +1-305-674-2277
| | - Ferial Alloush
- The Arkadi M. Rywlin M.D. Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Mount Sinai Medical Center, Miami Beach, FL 33140, USA
| | - Yumna Omarzai
- Department of Translational Medicine, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA
- The Arkadi M. Rywlin M.D. Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Mount Sinai Medical Center, Miami Beach, FL 33140, USA
| | - Robert Poppiti
- Department of Translational Medicine, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA
- The Arkadi M. Rywlin M.D. Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Mount Sinai Medical Center, Miami Beach, FL 33140, USA
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9
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Hypoxia promotes conversion to a stem cell phenotype in prostate cancer cells by activating HIF-1α/Notch1 signaling pathway. CLINICAL & TRANSLATIONAL ONCOLOGY : OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE FEDERATION OF SPANISH ONCOLOGY SOCIETIES AND OF THE NATIONAL CANCER INSTITUTE OF MEXICO 2023:10.1007/s12094-023-03093-w. [PMID: 36757381 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-023-03093-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The hypoxic tumor microenvironment and the maintenance of stem cells are relevant to the malignancy of prostate cancer (PCa). However, whether HIF-1α in the hypoxic microenvironment mediates the transformation of prostate cancer to a stem cell phenotype and the mechanism have not been elucidated. MATERIALS AND METHODS Prostate cancer stem cells (PCSCs) from PC-3 cell lines were examined for the expression of CD44, CD133, ALDH1, HIF-1α, Notch1, and HES1. We observed the effect of knockdown HIF-1α in vitro and mice models and evaluated the impact of HIF-1α on the Notch1 pathway as well as stem cell dedifferentiation. The effects on sphere formation, cell proliferation, apoptosis, cell cycle, and invasive metastasis were evaluated. RESULTS In our study, hypoxia upregulated HIF-1α expression and induced a stem cell phenotype through activation of the Notch1 pathway, leading to enhanced proliferation, invasion, and migration of PCa PC-3 cells. The knockdown of HIF-1α significantly inhibited cell dedifferentiation and the ability to proliferate, invade and metastasize. However, the inhibitory effect of knocking down HIF-1α was reversed by Jagged1, an activator of the Notch1 pathway. These findings were further confirmed in vivo, where hypoxia could enhance the tumorigenicity of xenograft tumors by upregulating the expression of HIF-1α to activate the Notch1 pathway. In addition, the expression of HIF-1α and Notch1 was significantly increased in human PCa tissues, and high expression of HIF-1α correlated with the malignancy of PCa. CONCLUSION In a hypoxic environment, HIF-1α promotes PCa cell dedifferentiation to stem-like cell phenotypes by activating the Notch1 pathway and enhancing the proliferation and invasive capacity of PC-3 cells.
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10
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Hu WY, Liu LF, Afradiasbagharani P, Lu RL, Chen ZL, Hu DP, Birch LA, Prins GS. Stem cells from a malignant rat prostate cell line generate prostate cancers in vivo: a model for prostate cancer stem cell propagated tumor growth. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL UROLOGY 2022; 10:377-389. [PMID: 36636689 PMCID: PMC9831920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are resistant to conventional cancer therapies, permitting the repopulation of new tumor growth and driving disease progression. Models for testing prostate CSC-propagated tumor growth are presently limited yet necessary for therapeutic advancement. Utilizing the congenic nontumorigenic NRP152 and tumorigenic NRP154 rat prostate epithelial cell lines, the present study investigated the self-renewal, differentiation, and regenerative abilities of prostate stem/progenitor cells and developed a CSC-based PCa model. NRP154 cells expressed reduced levels of tumor suppressor caveolin-1 and increased p-Src as compared to NRP152 cells. Gene knockdown of caveolin-1 in NRP152 cells upregulated p-Src, implicating their role as potential oncogenic mediators in NRP154 cells. A FACS-based Hoechst exclusion assay revealed a side population of stem-like cells (0.1%) in both NRP152 and NRP154 cell lines. Using a 3D Matrigel culture system, stem cells from both cell lines established prostaspheres at a 0.1% efficiency through asymmetric self-renewal and rapid proliferation of daughter progenitor cells. Spheres derived from both cell lines contained CD117+ and CD133+ stem cell subpopulations and basal progenitor cell subpopulations (p63+ and CK5+) but were negative for luminal cell CK8 markers at day 7. While some NRP152 sphere cells were androgen receptor (AR) positive at this timepoint, NRP154 cells were AR- up to 30 days of 3D culture. The regenerative capacity of the stem/progenitor cells was demonstrated by in vivo tissue recombination with urogenital sinus mesenchyme (UGM) and renal grafting in nude mice. While stem/progenitor cells from NRP152 spheroids generated normal prostate structures, CSCs and progeny cells from NRP154 tumoroids generated tumor tissues that were characterized by immunohistochemistry. Atypical hyperplasia and prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN) lesions progressed to adenocarcinoma with kidney invasion over 4 months. This provides clear evidence that prostate CSCs can repopulate new tumor growth outside the prostate gland that rapidly progresses to poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma with invasive capabilities. The dual in vitro/in vivo CSC model system presented herein provides a novel platform for screening therapeutic agents that target prostate CSCs for effective combined treatment protocols for local and advanced disease stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Yang Hu
- Department of Urology, University of Illinois at ChicagoChicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Li-Feng Liu
- Department of Urology, University of Illinois at ChicagoChicago, IL 60612, USA
| | | | - Ran-Li Lu
- Department of Urology, University of Illinois at ChicagoChicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Zhen-Long Chen
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical CenterBoston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Dan-Ping Hu
- Department of Urology, University of Illinois at ChicagoChicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Lynn A Birch
- Department of Urology, University of Illinois at ChicagoChicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Gail S Prins
- Department of Urology, University of Illinois at ChicagoChicago, IL 60612, USA
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