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Hibler W, Merlino G, Yu Y. CAR NK Cell Therapy for the Treatment of Metastatic Melanoma: Potential & Prospects. Cells 2023; 12:2750. [PMID: 38067178 PMCID: PMC10706172 DOI: 10.3390/cells12232750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Melanoma is among the most lethal forms of cancer, accounting for 80% of deaths despite comprising just 5% of skin cancer cases. Treatment options remain limited due to the genetic and epigenetic mechanisms associated with melanoma heterogeneity that underlie the rapid development of secondary drug resistance. For this reason, the development of novel treatments remains paramount to the improvement of patient outcomes. Although the advent of chimeric antigen receptor-expressing T (CAR-T) cell immunotherapies has led to many clinical successes for hematological malignancies, these treatments are limited in their utility by their immune-induced side effects and a high risk of systemic toxicities. CAR natural killer (CAR-NK) cell immunotherapies are a particularly promising alternative to CAR-T cell immunotherapies, as they offer a more favorable safety profile and have the capacity for fine-tuned cytotoxic activity. In this review, the discussion of the prospects and potential of CAR-NK cell immunotherapies touches upon the clinical contexts of melanoma, the immunobiology of NK cells, the immunosuppressive barriers preventing endogenous immune cells from eliminating tumors, and the structure and design of chimeric antigen receptors, then finishes with a series of proposed design innovations that could improve the efficacy CAR-NK cell immunotherapies in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yanlin Yu
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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Klekowski J, Zielińska D, Hofman A, Zajdel N, Gajdzis P, Chabowski M. Clinical Significance of Nectins in HCC and Other Solid Malignant Tumors: Implications for Prognosis and New Treatment Opportunities-A Systematic Review. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:3983. [PMID: 37568798 PMCID: PMC10416819 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15153983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The nectin family comprises four proteins, nectin-1 to -4, which act as cell adhesion molecules. Nectins have various regulatory functions in the immune system and can be upregulated or decreased in different tumors. The literature research was conducted manually by the authors using the PubMed database by searching articles published before 2023 with the combination of several nectin-related keywords. A total of 43 studies were included in the main section of the review. Nectins-1-3 have different expressions in tumors. Both the loss of expression and overexpression could be negative prognostic factors. Nectin-4 is the best characterized and the most consistently overexpressed in various tumors, which generally correlates with a worse prognosis. New treatments based on targeting nectin-4 are currently being developed. Enfortumab vedotin is a potent antibody-drug conjugate approved for use in therapy against urothelial carcinoma. Few reports focus on hepatocellular carcinoma, which leaves room for further studies comparing the utility of nectins with commonly used markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Klekowski
- Department of Nursing and Obstetrics, Division of Anesthesiological and Surgical Nursing, Faculty of Health Science, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-367 Wroclaw, Poland;
- Department of Surgery, 4th Military Teaching Hospital, 50-981 Wroclaw, Poland;
| | - Dorota Zielińska
- Department of Surgery, 4th Military Teaching Hospital, 50-981 Wroclaw, Poland;
| | - Adriana Hofman
- Student Research Club No 180, Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-367 Wroclaw, Poland; (A.H.); (N.Z.)
| | - Natalia Zajdel
- Student Research Club No 180, Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-367 Wroclaw, Poland; (A.H.); (N.Z.)
| | - Paweł Gajdzis
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-367 Wroclaw, Poland;
- Department of Pathomorphology, 4th Military Teaching Hospital, 50-981 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Mariusz Chabowski
- Department of Nursing and Obstetrics, Division of Anesthesiological and Surgical Nursing, Faculty of Health Science, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-367 Wroclaw, Poland;
- Department of Surgery, 4th Military Teaching Hospital, 50-981 Wroclaw, Poland;
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Yu Y. The Function of NK Cells in Tumor Metastasis and NK Cell-Based Immunotherapy. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15082323. [PMID: 37190251 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15082323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 04/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Metastatic tumors cause the most deaths in cancer patients. Treating metastasis remains the primary goal of current cancer research. Although the immune system prevents and kills the tumor cells, the function of the immune system in metastatic cancer has been unappreciated for decades because tumors are able to develop complex signaling pathways to suppress immune responses, leading them to escape detection and elimination. Studies showed NK cell-based therapies have many advantages and promise for fighting metastatic cancers. We here review the function of the immune system in tumor progression, specifically focusing on the ability of NK cells in antimetastasis, how metastatic tumors escape the NK cell attack, as well as the recent development of effective antimetastatic immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanlin Yu
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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Nectin Family Ligands Trigger Immune Effector Functions in Health and Autoimmunity. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:biology12030452. [PMID: 36979144 PMCID: PMC10045777 DOI: 10.3390/biology12030452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
The superfamily of immunoglobulin cell-adhesion molecules (IgCAMs) is a well-known family of cell-adhesion molecules used for immune-cell extravasation and cell–cell interaction. Amongst others, this family includes DNAX accessory molecule 1 (DNAM-1/CD226), class-I-restricted T-cell-associated molecule (CRTAM/CD355), T-cell-activated increased late expression (Tactile/CD96), T-cell immunoreceptor with Ig and ITIM domains (TIGIT), Nectins and Nectin-like molecules (Necls). Besides using these molecules to migrate towards inflammatory sites, their interactions within the immune system can support the immunological synapse with antigen-presenting cells or target cells for cytotoxicity, and trigger diverse effector functions. Although their role is generally described in oncoimmunity, this review emphasizes recent advances in the (dys)function of Nectin-family ligands in health, chronic inflammatory conditions and autoimmune diseases. In addition, this review provides a detailed overview on the expression pattern of Nectins and Necls and their ligands on different immune-cell types by focusing on human cell systems.
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Birnbaum DJ, Picard M, Da Costa Q, Delayre T, Finetti P, Cabaud O, Agavnian E, De Rauglaudre B, Denicolaï E, Bertucci F, Mamessier E. PVRIG Expression Is an Independent Prognostic Factor and a New Potential Target for Immunotherapy in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15020447. [PMID: 36672396 PMCID: PMC9856571 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15020447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a frequent and deadly cancer in need of new treatments. Immunotherapy has shown promising results in several solid tumors. The TIGIT/DNAM-1 axis gathers targets for new immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). Here, we aimed at highlighting the potential of this axis as a new therapeutic option for HCC. For this, we built a large transcriptomic database of 683 HCC samples, clinically annotated, and 319 normal liver tissues. We interrogated this database for the transcriptomic expression of each member of the TIGIT/DNAM-1 axis and tested their prognostic value for survival. We then focused on the most discriminant one for these criteria, i.e., PVRIG, and analyzed the clinical characteristics, the disease-free and overall survivals, and biological pathways associated with PVRIG High tumors. Among all members of the TIGIT/DNAM-1 axis, PVRIG expression was higher in tumors than in normal liver, was heterogeneous across tumors, and was the only member with independent prognostic value for better survival. PVRIG High tumors were characterized by a higher lymphocytic infiltrate and enriched for signatures associated with tertiary lymphoid structures and better anti-tumor immune response. These results suggest that patients with PVRIG High tumors might be good candidates for immune therapy involving ICIs, notably ICIs targeting the TIGIT/DNAM-1 axis. Further functional and clinical validation is urgently required.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Jeremie Birnbaum
- Predictive Oncology Laboratory, Labeled Team Ligue Nationale Contre Le Cancer, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), Paoli-Calmettes Institute (IPC), Inserm UMR1068, CNRS UMR7258, Aix-Marseille University, 13009 Marseilles, France
- General and Visceral Surgery Department, North’s Hospital, 13015 Marseilles, France
| | - Maelle Picard
- Predictive Oncology Laboratory, Labeled Team Ligue Nationale Contre Le Cancer, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), Paoli-Calmettes Institute (IPC), Inserm UMR1068, CNRS UMR7258, Aix-Marseille University, 13009 Marseilles, France
| | - Quentin Da Costa
- Predictive Oncology Laboratory, Labeled Team Ligue Nationale Contre Le Cancer, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), Paoli-Calmettes Institute (IPC), Inserm UMR1068, CNRS UMR7258, Aix-Marseille University, 13009 Marseilles, France
| | - Thomas Delayre
- Predictive Oncology Laboratory, Labeled Team Ligue Nationale Contre Le Cancer, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), Paoli-Calmettes Institute (IPC), Inserm UMR1068, CNRS UMR7258, Aix-Marseille University, 13009 Marseilles, France
- General and Visceral Surgery Department, North’s Hospital, 13015 Marseilles, France
| | - Pascal Finetti
- Predictive Oncology Laboratory, Labeled Team Ligue Nationale Contre Le Cancer, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), Paoli-Calmettes Institute (IPC), Inserm UMR1068, CNRS UMR7258, Aix-Marseille University, 13009 Marseilles, France
| | - Olivier Cabaud
- Predictive Oncology Laboratory, Labeled Team Ligue Nationale Contre Le Cancer, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), Paoli-Calmettes Institute (IPC), Inserm UMR1068, CNRS UMR7258, Aix-Marseille University, 13009 Marseilles, France
| | - Emilie Agavnian
- IPC/CRCM Experimental Pathology (ICEP), CRCM, Paoli-Calmettes Institute, 13009 Marseilles, France
| | - Bernadette De Rauglaudre
- Predictive Oncology Laboratory, Labeled Team Ligue Nationale Contre Le Cancer, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), Paoli-Calmettes Institute (IPC), Inserm UMR1068, CNRS UMR7258, Aix-Marseille University, 13009 Marseilles, France
- Department of Digestive Oncology and Gastro-Enterology, Timone Hospital, AP-HM, 13005 Marseille, France
| | - Emilie Denicolaï
- Predictive Oncology Laboratory, Labeled Team Ligue Nationale Contre Le Cancer, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), Paoli-Calmettes Institute (IPC), Inserm UMR1068, CNRS UMR7258, Aix-Marseille University, 13009 Marseilles, France
| | - François Bertucci
- Predictive Oncology Laboratory, Labeled Team Ligue Nationale Contre Le Cancer, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), Paoli-Calmettes Institute (IPC), Inserm UMR1068, CNRS UMR7258, Aix-Marseille University, 13009 Marseilles, France
- Department of Medical Oncology, Paoli-Calmettes Institute, 13009 Marseilles, France
| | - Emilie Mamessier
- Predictive Oncology Laboratory, Labeled Team Ligue Nationale Contre Le Cancer, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), Paoli-Calmettes Institute (IPC), Inserm UMR1068, CNRS UMR7258, Aix-Marseille University, 13009 Marseilles, France
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-4-91-22-72-61
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Lyu S, Yang Q, Duan X, Liu X, Du Z, Shang X, Xu M, Liu J, Pan F, Zhang T. Protective effects and potential mechanisms of fermented egg-milk peptides on the damaged intestinal barrier. Front Nutr 2022; 9:1068877. [PMID: 36570170 PMCID: PMC9767966 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.1068877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Fermented egg-milk peptides (FEMPs) could enhance the colon-intestinal barrier and upgrade the expression of zonula occludens-1 and mucin 2. Besides, the underlying biological mechanism and the targets FEMPs could regulate were analyzed in our study. Methods Herein, the immunofluorescence technique and western blot were utilized to evaluate the repair of the intestinal barrier. Network pharmacology analysis and bioinformatics methods were performed to investigate the targets and pathways affected by FEMPs. Results and discussion Animal experiments showed that FEMPs could restore intestinal damage and enhance the expression of two key proteins. The pharmacological results revealed that FEMPs could regulate targets related to kinase activity, such as AKT, CASP, RAF, and GSK. The above targets could interact with each other. GO analysis indicated that the targets regulated by FEMPs could participate in the kinase activity of the metabolic process. KEGG enrichment revealed that the core targets were enriched in pathways related to cell apoptosis and other important procedures. Molecular docking demonstrated that FEMPs could bind to the key target AKT via hydrogen bond interactions. Our study combined the experiment in vivo with the method in silico and investigated the interaction between peptides and targets in a pattern of multi-targets and multi-pathways, which offered a new perspective on the functional validation and potential application of bioactive peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siwen Lyu
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Functional Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Qi Yang
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Functional Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xuehui Duan
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Functional Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xuanting Liu
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Functional Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Zhiyang Du
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Functional Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xiaomin Shang
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Functional Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Menglei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jingbo Liu
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Functional Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Fengguang Pan
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Functional Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, China,Fengguang Pan
| | - Ting Zhang
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Functional Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, China,*Correspondence: Ting Zhang
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