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Scott JS, Li A, Wardill HR. Role of mucositis in predicting gut microbiota composition in people with cancer. Curr Opin Support Palliat Care 2024; 18:73-77. [PMID: 38652454 DOI: 10.1097/spc.0000000000000700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Disruption of the precious ecosystem of micro-organisms that reside in the gut - the gut microbiota - is rapidly emerging as a key driver of the adverse side effects/toxicities caused by numerous anti-cancer agents. Although the contribution of the gut microbiota to these toxicities is understood with ever increasing precision, the cause of microbial disruption (dysbiosis) remains poorly understood. Here, we discuss current evidence on the cause(s) of dysbiosis after cancer therapy, positioning breakdown of the intestinal mucosa (mucositis) as a central cause. RECENT FINDINGS Dysbiosis in people with cancer has historically been attributed to extensive antibiotic use. However, evidence now suggests that certain antibiotics have minimal impacts on the microbiota. Indeed, recent evidence shows that the type of cancer therapy predicts microbiota composition independently of antibiotics. Given most anti-cancer drugs have modest effects on microbes directly, this suggests that their impact on the gut microenvironment, in particular the mucosa, which is highly vulnerable to cytotoxicity, is a likely cause of dysbiosis. Here, we outline evidence that support this hypothesis, and discuss the associated clinical implications/opportunities. SUMMARY The concept that mucositis dictates microbiota compositions provides two important implications for clinical practice. Firstly, it reiterates the importance of prioritising the development of novel mucoprotectants that preserve mucosal integrity, and indirectly support microbial stability. Secondly, it provides an opportunity to identify dysbiotic events and associated consequences using readily accessible, minimally invasive biomarkers of mucositis such as plasma citrulline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqui S Scott
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, School of Biomedicine, The University of Adelaide
- Supportive Oncology Research Group, Precision Cancer Medicine Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Anna Li
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, School of Biomedicine, The University of Adelaide
- Supportive Oncology Research Group, Precision Cancer Medicine Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Hannah R Wardill
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, School of Biomedicine, The University of Adelaide
- Supportive Oncology Research Group, Precision Cancer Medicine Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, Australia
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Fan S, Zhou L, Zhang W, Wang D, Tang D. Role of imbalanced gut microbiota in promoting CRC metastasis: from theory to clinical application. Cell Commun Signal 2024; 22:232. [PMID: 38637851 PMCID: PMC11025274 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-024-01615-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Metastasis poses a major challenge in colorectal cancer (CRC) treatment and remains a primary cause of mortality among patients with CRC. Recent investigations have elucidated the involvement of disrupted gut microbiota homeostasis in various facets of CRC metastasis, exerting a pivotal influence in shaping the metastatic microenvironment, triggering epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and so on. Moreover, therapeutic interventions targeting the gut microbiota demonstrate promise in enhancing the efficacy of conventional treatments for metastatic CRC (mCRC), presenting novel avenues for mCRC clinical management. Grounded in the "seed and soil" hypothesis, this review consolidates insights into the mechanisms by which imbalanced gut microbiota promotes mCRC and highlights recent strides in leveraging gut microbiota modulation for the clinical prevention and treatment of mCRC. Emphasis is placed on the considerable potential of manipulating gut microbiota within clinical settings for managing mCRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiying Fan
- Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, 225000, Yangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Lujia Zhou
- Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, 225000, Yangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Wenjie Zhang
- School of Medicine, Chongqing University, 400030, Chongqing, P. R. China
| | - Daorong Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Institute of General Surgery, Clinical Medical College, Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital, Yangzhou University, 225000, Yangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Dong Tang
- Department of General Surgery, Institute of General Surgery, Clinical Medical College, Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital, Yangzhou University, 225000, Yangzhou, P. R. China.
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Pandey M, Bhattacharyya J. Gut microbiota and epigenetics in colorectal cancer: implications for carcinogenesis and therapeutic intervention. Epigenomics 2024; 16:403-418. [PMID: 38410915 DOI: 10.2217/epi-2023-0382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. The occurrence of CRC is associated with various genetic and epigenetic mutations in intestinal epithelial cells that transform them into adenocarcinomas. There is increasing evidence indicating the gut microbiota plays a crucial role in the regulation of host physiological processes. Alterations in gut microbiota composition are responsible for initiating carcinogenesis through diverse epigenetic modifications, including histone modifications, ncRNAs and DNA methylation. This work was designed to comprehensively review recent findings to provide insight into the associations between the gut microbiota and CRC at an epigenetic level. These scientific insights can be used in the future to develop effective strategies for early detection and treatment of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monu Pandey
- Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi, 110016, India
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, All India Institute of Medical Science, Delhi, 110608, India
| | - Jayanta Bhattacharyya
- Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi, 110016, India
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, All India Institute of Medical Science, Delhi, 110608, India
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Chen YC, Huang CW, Li CC, Chang TK, Su WC, Chen PJ, Yeh YS, Chang YT, Tsai HL, Shih MCP, Wang JY. Efficacy of transarterial chemoembolization with drug-eluting beads combined with systemic chemotherapy and targeted therapy in colorectal cancer liver metastasis. World J Surg Oncol 2023; 21:378. [PMID: 38041083 PMCID: PMC10691074 DOI: 10.1186/s12957-023-03253-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Systemic therapy is the standard treatment for unresectable colorectal cancer with liver metastasis (CRCLM). Transarterial chemoembolization with drug-eluting beads (DEB-TACE) is considered an effective treatment option for CRCLM. Few studies have investigated the combination of DEB-TACE, chemotherapy, and targeted therapy for CRCLM. In the present study, we evaluated the disease control rate (DCR), adverse events, and survival among patients with CRCLM who underwent the combination of DEB-TACE and chemotherapy/targeted therapy. MATERIALS We retrospectively reviewed 35 patients with CRCLM who were treated between January 2015 and January 2021. Standard systemic chemotherapy, targeted therapy, and 66 DEB-TACE procedures were administered. Data were collected on each DEB-TACE procedure, including chemotherapy agents, tumor burden of liver metastasis, number of DEB-TACE courses, and adverse events. Patients who received DEB-TACE after failure of first-line systemic therapy were categorized into the first-line failure group. Patients who received DEB-TACE after the failure of second-line, third-line, or fourth-line therapy were categorized into the other group. Subgroup analysis was performed to compare overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) between the two groups. RESULTS In total, 35 patients with CRCLM (34 patients with adenocarcinoma and 1 patient with neuroendocrine carcinoma) were enrolled. In total, 13 patients (37.1%) had extrahepatic metastases at initial diagnosis. In this study, 66 DEB-TACE procedures were performed. The DCR was 54.3%. The median OS period was 47.4 months, and the estimated 3-year OS rate was 59.5%. The median PFS period was 6.3 months, and the estimated 1-year PFS rate was 20.6%. The PFS period was longer in the first-line failure group than in the other group (7.2 vs. 6.3 months). No significant difference was observed in OS between the two groups. Four episodes (6.1%) of grade 3 intra-abdominal infection were observed. CONCLUSION The combination of chemotherapy, targeted therapy, and DEB-TACE can lead to a favorable DCR and survival outcomes in patients with CRCLM. Early intervention with DEB-TACE (i.e., after the failure of first-line therapy) has the potential to extend the PFS period in patients with CRCLM. Severe adverse events were rare and manageable. Further prospective, randomized controlled studies are warranted to obtain more conclusive findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yen-Cheng Chen
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Division of Colorectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, No. 100 Tzyou 1St Road, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Wen Huang
- Division of Colorectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, No. 100 Tzyou 1St Road, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Chun Li
- Division of Colorectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, No. 100 Tzyou 1St Road, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Kun Chang
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Division of Colorectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, No. 100 Tzyou 1St Road, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Post-Baccalaureate Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Chih Su
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Division of Colorectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, No. 100 Tzyou 1St Road, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Post-Baccalaureate Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan
| | - Po-Jung Chen
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Division of Colorectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, No. 100 Tzyou 1St Road, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Sung Yeh
- Division of Trauma and Surgical Critical Care, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Faculty of Post-Baccalaureate Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Injury Prevention and Control, College of Public Health, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Tang Chang
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan
| | - Hsiang-Lin Tsai
- Division of Colorectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, No. 100 Tzyou 1St Road, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Chen Paul Shih
- Department of Medical Imaging, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan.
| | - Jaw-Yuan Wang
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
- Division of Colorectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, No. 100 Tzyou 1St Road, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan.
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan.
- Center for Cancer Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan.
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Welham Z, Li J, Engel AF, Molloy MP. Mucosal Microbiome in Patients with Early Bowel Polyps: Inferences from Short-Read and Long-Read 16S rRNA Sequencing. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:5045. [PMID: 37894412 PMCID: PMC10605900 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15205045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Numerous studies have correlated dysbiosis in stool microbiota with colorectal cancer (CRC); however, fewer studies have investigated the mucosal microbiome in pre-cancerous bowel polyps. The short-read sequencing of variable regions in the 16S rRNA gene has commonly been used to infer bacterial taxonomy, and this has led, in part, to inconsistent findings between studies. Here, we examined mucosal microbiota from patients who presented with one or more polyps, compared to patients with no polyps, at the time of colonoscopy. We evaluated the results obtained using both short-read and PacBio long-read 16S rRNA sequencing. Neither sequencing technology identified significant differences in microbial diversity measures between patients with or without bowel polyps. Differential abundance measures showed that amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) associated with Ruminococcus gnavus and Escherichia coli were elevated in mucosa from polyp patients, while ASVs associated with Parabacteroides merdae, Veillonella nakazawae, and Sutterella wadsworthensis were relatively decreased. Only R. gnavus was consistently identified using both sequencing technologies as being altered between patients with polyps compared to patients without polyps, suggesting differences in technologies and bioinformatics processing impact study findings. Several of the differentially abundant bacteria identified using either sequencing technology are associated with inflammatory bowel diseases despite these patients being excluded from the current study, which suggests that early bowel neoplasia may be associated with a local inflammatory niche.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoe Welham
- Bowel Cancer and Biomarker Laboratory, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney 2065, Australia; (Z.W.); (J.L.)
| | - Jun Li
- Bowel Cancer and Biomarker Laboratory, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney 2065, Australia; (Z.W.); (J.L.)
| | - Alexander F. Engel
- Colorectal Surgical Unit, Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney 2065, Australia;
- Sydney Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney 2050, Australia
| | - Mark P. Molloy
- Bowel Cancer and Biomarker Laboratory, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney 2065, Australia; (Z.W.); (J.L.)
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Cui Z, Wu Y, Zhang QH, Wang SG, He Y, Huang DS. MV-CVIB: a microbiome-based multi-view convolutional variational information bottleneck for predicting metastatic colorectal cancer. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1238199. [PMID: 37675425 PMCID: PMC10477591 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1238199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Imbalances in gut microbes have been implied in many human diseases, including colorectal cancer (CRC), inflammatory bowel disease, type 2 diabetes, obesity, autism, and Alzheimer's disease. Compared with other human diseases, CRC is a gastrointestinal malignancy with high mortality and a high probability of metastasis. However, current studies mainly focus on the prediction of colorectal cancer while neglecting the more serious malignancy of metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). In addition, high dimensionality and small samples lead to the complexity of gut microbial data, which increases the difficulty of traditional machine learning models. Methods To address these challenges, we collected and processed 16S rRNA data and calculated abundance data from patients with non-metastatic colorectal cancer (non-mCRC) and mCRC. Different from the traditional health-disease classification strategy, we adopted a novel disease-disease classification strategy and proposed a microbiome-based multi-view convolutional variational information bottleneck (MV-CVIB). Results The experimental results show that MV-CVIB can effectively predict mCRC. This model can achieve AUC values above 0.9 compared to other state-of-the-art models. Not only that, MV-CVIB also achieved satisfactory predictive performance on multiple published CRC gut microbiome datasets. Discussion Finally, multiple gut microbiota analyses were used to elucidate communities and differences between mCRC and non-mCRC, and the metastatic properties of CRC were assessed by patient age and microbiota expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Cui
- Institute of Machine Learning and Systems Biology, College of Electronics and Information Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Wu
- College of Electronics and Information Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qin-Hu Zhang
- EIT Institute for Advanced Study, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Si-Guo Wang
- Institute of Machine Learning and Systems Biology, College of Electronics and Information Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying He
- Institute of Machine Learning and Systems Biology, College of Electronics and Information Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
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Yu H, Li XX, Han X, Chen BX, Zhang XH, Gao S, Xu DQ, Wang Y, Gao ZK, Yu L, Zhu SL, Yao LC, Liu GR, Liu SL, Mu XQ. Fecal microbiota transplantation inhibits colorectal cancer progression: Reversing intestinal microbial dysbiosis to enhance anti-cancer immune responses. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1126808. [PMID: 37143538 PMCID: PMC10151806 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1126808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Many lines of evidence demonstrate the associations of colorectal cancer (CRC) with intestinal microbial dysbiosis. Recent reports have suggested that maintaining the homeostasis of microbiota and host might be beneficial to CRC patients, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, we established a CRC mouse model of microbial dysbiosis and evaluated the effects of fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) on CRC progression. Azomethane and dextran sodium sulfate were used to induce CRC and microbial dysbiosis in mice. Intestinal microbes from healthy mice were transferred to CRC mice by enema. The vastly disordered gut microbiota of CRC mice was largely reversed by FMT. Intestinal microbiota from normal mice effectively suppressed cancer progression as assessed by measuring the diameter and number of cancerous foci and significantly prolonged survival of the CRC mice. In the intestine of mice that had received FMT, there were massive infiltration of immune cells, including CD8+ T and CD49b+ NK, which is able to directly kill cancer cells. Moreover, the accumulation of immunosuppressive cells, Foxp3+ Treg cells, seen in the CRC mice was much reduced after FMT. Additionally, FMT regulated the expressions of inflammatory cytokines in CRC mice, including down-regulation of IL1a, IL6, IL12a, IL12b, IL17a, and elevation of IL10. These cytokines were positively correlated with Azospirillum_sp._47_25, Clostridium_sensu_stricto_1, the E. coli complex, Akkermansia, Turicibacter, and negatively correlated with Muribaculum, Anaeroplasma, Candidatus_Arthromitus, and Candidatus Saccharimonas. Furthermore, the repressed expressions of TGFb, STAT3 and elevated expressions of TNFa, IFNg, CXCR4 together promoted the anti-cancer efficacy. Their expressions were positively correlated with Odoribacter, Lachnospiraceae-UCG-006, Desulfovibrio, and negatively correlated with Alloprevotella, Ruminococcaceae UCG-014, Ruminiclostridium, Prevotellaceae UCG-001 and Oscillibacter. Our studies indicate that FMT inhibits the development of CRC by reversing gut microbial disorder, ameliorating excessive intestinal inflammation and cooperating with anti-cancer immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Yu
- Genomics Research Center (Key Laboratory of Gut Microbiota and Pharmacogenomics of Heilongjiang Province), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical, University, Harbin, China
- HMU-UCCSM Centre for Infection and Genomics, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
- Translational Medicine Research and Cooperation Center of Northern China, Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Xing-Xiu Li
- Genomics Research Center (Key Laboratory of Gut Microbiota and Pharmacogenomics of Heilongjiang Province), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical, University, Harbin, China
| | - Xing Han
- Genomics Research Center (Key Laboratory of Gut Microbiota and Pharmacogenomics of Heilongjiang Province), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical, University, Harbin, China
- HMU-UCCSM Centre for Infection and Genomics, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
- Translational Medicine Research and Cooperation Center of Northern China, Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Bin-Xin Chen
- Genomics Research Center (Key Laboratory of Gut Microbiota and Pharmacogenomics of Heilongjiang Province), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical, University, Harbin, China
| | - Xing-Hua Zhang
- Genomics Research Center (Key Laboratory of Gut Microbiota and Pharmacogenomics of Heilongjiang Province), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical, University, Harbin, China
- HMU-UCCSM Centre for Infection and Genomics, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
- Translational Medicine Research and Cooperation Center of Northern China, Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Shan Gao
- Pathology Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Dan-Qi Xu
- Genomics Research Center (Key Laboratory of Gut Microbiota and Pharmacogenomics of Heilongjiang Province), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical, University, Harbin, China
- HMU-UCCSM Centre for Infection and Genomics, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
- Translational Medicine Research and Cooperation Center of Northern China, Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Yao Wang
- Genomics Research Center (Key Laboratory of Gut Microbiota and Pharmacogenomics of Heilongjiang Province), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical, University, Harbin, China
- HMU-UCCSM Centre for Infection and Genomics, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
- Translational Medicine Research and Cooperation Center of Northern China, Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Zhan-Kui Gao
- Genomics Research Center (Key Laboratory of Gut Microbiota and Pharmacogenomics of Heilongjiang Province), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical, University, Harbin, China
- HMU-UCCSM Centre for Infection and Genomics, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
- Translational Medicine Research and Cooperation Center of Northern China, Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Lei Yu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Song-Ling Zhu
- Genomics Research Center (Key Laboratory of Gut Microbiota and Pharmacogenomics of Heilongjiang Province), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical, University, Harbin, China
- HMU-UCCSM Centre for Infection and Genomics, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Li-Chen Yao
- Genomics Research Center (Key Laboratory of Gut Microbiota and Pharmacogenomics of Heilongjiang Province), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical, University, Harbin, China
| | - Gui-Rong Liu
- Genomics Research Center (Key Laboratory of Gut Microbiota and Pharmacogenomics of Heilongjiang Province), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical, University, Harbin, China
- HMU-UCCSM Centre for Infection and Genomics, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
- Translational Medicine Research and Cooperation Center of Northern China, Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
- *Correspondence: Xiao-Qin Mu, ; Shu-Lin Liu, ; Gui-Rong Liu,
| | - Shu-Lin Liu
- Genomics Research Center (Key Laboratory of Gut Microbiota and Pharmacogenomics of Heilongjiang Province), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical, University, Harbin, China
- HMU-UCCSM Centre for Infection and Genomics, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
- Translational Medicine Research and Cooperation Center of Northern China, Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- *Correspondence: Xiao-Qin Mu, ; Shu-Lin Liu, ; Gui-Rong Liu,
| | - Xiao-Qin Mu
- Genomics Research Center (Key Laboratory of Gut Microbiota and Pharmacogenomics of Heilongjiang Province), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical, University, Harbin, China
- HMU-UCCSM Centre for Infection and Genomics, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
- Translational Medicine Research and Cooperation Center of Northern China, Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
- *Correspondence: Xiao-Qin Mu, ; Shu-Lin Liu, ; Gui-Rong Liu,
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Tsai HL, Yeh YS, Chen PJ, Chang YT, Chen YC, Su WC, Chang TK, Huang CW, Wang JY. The Auxiliary Effects of Low-Molecular-Weight Fucoidan in Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer Patients Receiving Neoadjuvant Concurrent Chemoradiotherapy Before Surgery: A Double-Blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Study. Integr Cancer Ther 2023; 22:15347354231187153. [PMID: 37822243 PMCID: PMC10571697 DOI: 10.1177/15347354231187153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 06/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients with cancer use low-molecular-weight fucoidan (LMF) as a supplement to therapy. However, most studies of LMF are in vitro or conducted using animals. Concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) is the gold standard for locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC). This study investigated the quality of life (QoL) and clinical outcomes of patients with LARC taking LMF as a supplement to neoadjuvant CCRT. This was a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study. The sample comprised 87 patients, of whom 44 were included in a fucoidan group and 43 were included in a placebo group. We compared their QoL scores and clinical outcomes before treatment, and at 1 month, 2 months, and 3 months posttreatment. Pretreatment and posttreatment gut microbiota differences were also compared. Although enhanced physical well-being (PWB) at 2 months and 3 months posttreatment in the fucoidan group were observed (both P < .0125), the improvements of the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy for Patients with Colorectal Cancer (FACT-C) were nonsignificant (all P > .0125). Skin rash and itching and fatigue were less common in the fucoidan group (both P < .05). Posttreatment, the genus Parabacteroides was significantly more common in the gut microbiota of the fucoidan group. LMF administration improved the QoL, skin rash and itching, fatigue, and gut microbiota composition of the patients with LARC receiving CCRT.Clinical Trial Registration: NCT04342949.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yung-Sung Yeh
- Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | | | | | - Wei-Chih Su
- Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | | | | | - Jaw-Yuan Wang
- Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Pingtung Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Pingtung, Taiwan
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9
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Xu J, Zheng Z, Yang L, Li R, Ma X, Zhang J, Yin F, Liu L, Xu Q, Shen Q, Shen X, Wu C, Liu J, Qin N, Sheng J, Jin P. A novel promising diagnosis model for colorectal advanced adenoma and carcinoma based on the progressive gut microbiota gene biomarkers. Cell Biosci 2022; 12:208. [PMID: 36572910 PMCID: PMC9791776 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-022-00940-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer (CRC), a commonly diagnosed cancer often develops slowly from benign polyps called adenoma to carcinoma. Altered gut microbiota is implicated in colorectal carcinogenesis. It is warranted to find non-invasive progressive microbiota biomarkers that can reflect the dynamic changes of the disease. This study aimed to identify and evaluate potential progressive fecal microbiota gene markers for diagnosing advanced adenoma (AA) and CRC. RESULTS Metagenome-wide association was performed on fecal samples from different cohorts of 871 subjects (247 CRC, 234 AA, and 390 controls). We characterized the gut microbiome, identified microbiota markers, and further constructed a colorectal neoplasms classifier in 99 CRC, 94 AA, and 62 controls, and validated the results in 185 CRC, 140 AA, and 291 controls from 3 independent cohorts. 21 species and 277 gene markers were identified whose abundance was significantly increased or decreased from normal to AA and CRC. The progressive gene markers were distributed in metabolic pathways including amino acid and sulfur metabolism. A diagnosis model consisting of four effect indexes was constructed based on the markers, the sensitivities of the Adenoma Effect Index 1 for AA, Adenoma Effect Index 2 for high-grade dysplasia (HGD) adenoma were 71.3% and 76.5%, the specificities were 90.5% and 90.3%, respectively. CRC Effect Index 1 for all stages of CRC and CRC Effect Index 2 for stage III-IV CRC to predict CRC yielded an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.839 (95% CI 0.804-0.873) and 0.857 (95% CI 0.793-0.921), respectively. Combining with fecal immunochemical test (FIT) significantly improved the sensitivity of CRC Effect Index 1 and CRC Effect Index 2 to 96.7% and 100%. CONCLUSIONS This study reports the successful diagnosis model establishment and cross-region validation for colorectal advanced adenoma and carcinoma based on the progressive gut microbiota gene markers. The results suggested that the novel diagnosis model can significantly improve the diagnostic performance for advanced adenoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junfeng Xu
- grid.414252.40000 0004 1761 8894Senior Department of Gastroenterology, The First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853 China
| | - Zhijun Zheng
- Realbio Genomics Institute, Shanghai, 201114 China
| | - Lang Yang
- grid.414252.40000 0004 1761 8894Senior Department of Gastroenterology, The First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853 China ,grid.414252.40000 0004 1761 8894Department of Gastroenterology, The Seventh Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100700 China
| | - Ruoran Li
- grid.414252.40000 0004 1761 8894 Graduate School, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853 China
| | - Xianzong Ma
- grid.414252.40000 0004 1761 8894 Graduate School, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853 China
| | - Jie Zhang
- grid.414252.40000 0004 1761 8894Department of Gastroenterology, The Seventh Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100700 China
| | - Fumei Yin
- grid.414252.40000 0004 1761 8894 Graduate School, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853 China
| | - Lin Liu
- Realbio Genomics Institute, Shanghai, 201114 China ,grid.412538.90000 0004 0527 0050Tenth People’s Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai, 200072 China
| | - Qian Xu
- Realbio Genomics Institute, Shanghai, 201114 China ,grid.412538.90000 0004 0527 0050Tenth People’s Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai, 200072 China
| | - Qiujing Shen
- Realbio Genomics Institute, Shanghai, 201114 China
| | - Xiuping Shen
- Realbio Genomics Institute, Shanghai, 201114 China
| | - Chunyan Wu
- Realbio Genomics Institute, Shanghai, 201114 China
| | - Jing Liu
- Realbio Genomics Institute, Shanghai, 201114 China
| | - Nan Qin
- Realbio Genomics Institute, Shanghai, 201114 China ,grid.412538.90000 0004 0527 0050Tenth People’s Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai, 200072 China
| | - Jianqiu Sheng
- grid.414252.40000 0004 1761 8894Department of Gastroenterology, The Seventh Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100700 China
| | - Peng Jin
- grid.414252.40000 0004 1761 8894Senior Department of Gastroenterology, The First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853 China ,grid.414252.40000 0004 1761 8894Department of Gastroenterology, The Seventh Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100700 China
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The Species of Gut Bacteria Associated with Antitumor Immunity in Cancer Therapy. Cells 2022; 11:cells11223684. [PMID: 36429112 PMCID: PMC9688644 DOI: 10.3390/cells11223684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2022] [Revised: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Both preclinical and clinical studies have demonstrated that the modulation of gut microbiota could be a promising strategy for enhancing antitumor immune responses and reducing resistance to immunotherapy in cancer. Various mechanisms, including activation of pattern recognition receptors, gut commensals-produced metabolites and antigen mimicry, have been revealed. Different gut microbiota modulation strategies have been raised, such as fecal microbiota transplantation, probiotics, and dietary selection. However, the identification of gut bacteria species that are either favorable or unfavorable for cancer therapy remains a major challenge. Herein, we summarized the findings related to gut microbiota species observed in the modulation of antitumor immunity. We also discussed the different mechanisms underlying different gut bacteria's functions and the potential applications of these bacteria to cancer immunotherapy in the future.
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11
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Lo CH, Wu DC, Jao SW, Wu CC, Lin CY, Chuang CH, Lin YB, Chen CH, Chen YT, Chen JH, Hsiao KH, Chen YJ, Chen YT, Wang JY, Li LH. Enrichment of Prevotella intermedia in human colorectal cancer and its additive effects with Fusobacterium nucleatum on the malignant transformation of colorectal adenomas. J Biomed Sci 2022; 29:88. [PMID: 36303164 PMCID: PMC9615364 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-022-00869-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Owing to the heterogeneity of microbiota among individuals and populations, only Fusobacterium nucleatum and Bacteroides fragilis have been reported to be enriched in colorectal cancer (CRC) in multiple studies. Thus, the discovery of additional bacteria contributing to CRC development in various populations can be expected. We aimed to identify bacteria associated with the progression of colorectal adenoma to carcinoma and determine the contribution of these bacteria to malignant transformation in patients of Han Chinese origin. Methods Microbiota composition was determined through 16S rRNA V3–V4 amplicon sequencing of autologous adenocarcinomas, adenomatous polyps, and non-neoplastic colon tissue samples (referred to as “tri-part samples”) in patients with CRC. Enriched taxa in adenocarcinoma tissues were identified through pairwise comparison. The abundance of candidate bacteria was quantified through genomic quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) in tissue samples from 116 patients. Associations of candidate bacteria with clinicopathological features and genomic and genetic alterations were evaluated through odds ratio tests. Additionally, the effects of candidate bacteria on CRC cell proliferation, migration, and invasion were evaluated through the co-culture of CRC cells with bacterial cells or with conditioned media from bacteria. Results Prevotella intermedia was overrepresented in adenocarcinomas compared with paired adenomatous polyps. Furthermore, co-abundance of P. intermedia and F. nucleatum was observed in tumor tissues. More notably, the coexistence of these two bacteria in adenocarcinomas was associated with lymph node involvement and distant metastasis. These two bacteria also exerted additive effects on the enhancement of the migration and invasion abilities of CRC cells. Finally, conditioned media from P. intermedia promoted the migration and invasion of CRC cells. Conclusion This report is the first to demonstrate that P. intermedia is enriched in colorectal adenocarcinoma tissues and enhances the migration and invasion abilities of CRC cells. Moreover, P. intermedia and F. nucleatum exert additive effects on the malignant transformation of colorectal adenomas into carcinomas. These findings can be used to identify patients at a high risk of malignant transformation of colorectal adenomas or metastasis of CRC, and they can accordingly be provided optimal clinical management. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12929-022-00869-0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Hui Lo
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Deng-Chyang Wu
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Regenerative Medicine and Cell Therapy Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Wen Jao
- Division of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chang-Chieh Wu
- Division of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Yen Lin
- Institute of Information Science, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | - Ya-Bo Lin
- Institute of Information Science, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Hsiun Chen
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Ting Chen
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jiann-Hwa Chen
- Scool of Medicine, Tzu Chi General Hospital, Taipei Branch, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Koung-Hung Hsiao
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Tzu Chi General Hospital, Taipei Branch, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Ju Chen
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Tsong Chen
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jaw-Yuan Wang
- Division of Colorectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan. .,Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan. .,Pingtung Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Pingtung, Taiwan.
| | - Ling-Hui Li
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.
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