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Kren J, Skambath I, Kuppler P, Buschschlüter S, Detrez N, Burhan S, Huber R, Brinkmann R, Bonsanto MM. Mechanical characteristics of glioblastoma and peritumoral tumor-free human brain tissue. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 2024; 166:102. [PMID: 38396016 PMCID: PMC10891200 DOI: 10.1007/s00701-024-06009-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The diagnosis of brain tumor is a serious event for the affected patient. Surgical resection is a crucial part in the treatment of brain tumors. However, the distinction between tumor and brain tissue can be difficult, even for experienced neurosurgeons. This is especially true in the case of gliomas. In this project we examined whether the biomechanical parameters elasticity and stress relaxation behavior are suitable as additional differentiation criteria between tumorous (glioblastoma multiforme; glioblastoma, IDH-wildtype; GBM) and non-tumorous, peritumoral tissue. METHODS Indentation measurements were used to examine non-tumorous human brain tissue and GBM samples for the biomechanical properties of elasticity and stress-relaxation behavior. The results of these measurements were then used in a classification algorithm (Logistic Regression) to distinguish between tumor and non-tumor. RESULTS Differences could be found in elasticity spread and relaxation behavior between tumorous and non-tumorous tissue. Classification was successful with a sensitivity/recall of 83% (sd = 12%) and a precision of 85% (sd = 9%) for detecting tumorous tissue. CONCLUSION The findings imply that the data on mechanical characteristics, with particular attention to stress relaxation behavior, can serve as an extra element in differentiating tumorous brain tissue from non-tumorous brain tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Kren
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Luebeck, Germany.
| | - Isabelle Skambath
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Luebeck, Germany
| | - Patrick Kuppler
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Luebeck, Germany
| | | | - Nicolas Detrez
- Medizinisches Laserzentrum Lübeck GmbH, Luebeck, Germany
| | - Sazgar Burhan
- Institute of Biomedical Optics, University of Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany
| | - Robert Huber
- Institute of Biomedical Optics, University of Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany
| | - Ralf Brinkmann
- Medizinisches Laserzentrum Lübeck GmbH, Luebeck, Germany
| | - Matteo Mario Bonsanto
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Luebeck, Germany
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Chen W, Wu Y, Wang J, Yu W, Shen X, Zhao K, Liang B, Hu X, Wang S, Jiang H, Liu X, Zhang M, Xing X, Wang C, Xing D. Clinical advances in TNC delivery vectors and their conjugate agents. Pharmacol Ther 2024; 253:108577. [PMID: 38081519 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2023.108577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Tenascin C (TNC), a glycoprotein that is abundant in the tumor extracellular matrix (ECM), is strongly overexpressed in tumor tissues but virtually undetectable in most normal tissues. Many TNC antibodies, peptides, aptamers, and nanobodies have been investigated as delivery vectors, including 20A1, α-A2, α-A3, α-IIIB, α-D, BC-2, BC-4 BC-8, 81C6, ch81C6, F16, FHK, Ft, Ft-NP, G11, G11-iRGD, GBI-10, 19H12, J1/TN1, J1/TN2, J1/TN3, J1/TN4, J1/TN5, NJT3, NJT4, NJT6, P12, PL1, PL3, R6N, SMART, ST2146, ST2485, TN11, TN12, TNFnA1A2-Fc, TNfnA1D-Fc, TNfnBD-Fc, TNFnCD-Fc, TNfnD6-Fc, TNfn78-Fc, TTA1, TTA1.1, and TTA1.2. In particular, BC-2, BC-4, 81C6, ch81C6, F16, FHK, G11, PL1, PL3, R6N, ST2146, TN11, and TN12 have been tested in human tissues. G11-iRGD and simultaneous multiple aptamers and arginine-glycine-aspartic acid (RGD) targeting (SMART) may be assessed in clinical trials because G11, iRGD and AS1411 (SMART components) are already in clinical trials. Many TNC-conjugate agents, including antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs), antibody fragment-drug conjugates (FDCs), immune-stimulating antibody conjugates (ISACs), and radionuclide-drug conjugates (RDCs), have been investigated in preclinical and clinical trials. RDCs investigated in clinical trials include 111In-DTPA-BC-2, 131I-BC-2, 131I-BC-4, 90Y-BC4, 131I81C6, 131I-ch81C6, 211At-ch81C6, F16124I, 131I-tenatumomab, ST2146biot, FDC 131I-F16S1PF(ab')2, and ISAC F16IL2. ADCs (including FHK-SSL-Nav, FHK-NB-DOX, Ft-NP-PTX, and F16*-MMAE) and ISACs (IL12-R6N and 125I-G11-IL2) may enter clinical trials because they contain components of marketed treatments or agents that were investigated in previous clinical studies. This comprehensive review presents historical perspectives on clinical advances in TNC-conjugate agents to provide timely information to facilitate tumor-targeting drug development using TNC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wujun Chen
- Cancer Institute, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao Cancer Institute, Qingdao, Shandong 266000, China
| | - Yudong Wu
- Cancer Institute, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao Cancer Institute, Qingdao, Shandong 266000, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Cancer Institute, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao Cancer Institute, Qingdao, Shandong 266000, China
| | - Wanpeng Yu
- Qingdao Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, China
| | - Xin Shen
- State Key Laboratory Base of Eco-chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, Shandong 266042, China
| | - Kai Zhao
- Cancer Institute, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao Cancer Institute, Qingdao, Shandong 266000, China; Department of Neurosurgery, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266000, China
| | - Bing Liang
- Cancer Institute, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao Cancer Institute, Qingdao, Shandong 266000, China
| | - Xiaokun Hu
- Cancer Institute, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao Cancer Institute, Qingdao, Shandong 266000, China; Interventional Medicine Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266000, China
| | - Shuai Wang
- Department of Radiotherapy, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Key Laboratory of Precision Radiation Therapy for Tumors in Weifang City, School of Medical Imaging, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong 261031, China
| | - Hongfei Jiang
- Cancer Institute, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao Cancer Institute, Qingdao, Shandong 266000, China
| | - Xinlin Liu
- Cancer Institute, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao Cancer Institute, Qingdao, Shandong 266000, China
| | - Miao Zhang
- Cancer Institute, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao Cancer Institute, Qingdao, Shandong 266000, China
| | - Xiaohui Xing
- Department of Neurosurgery, Liaocheng People's Hospital, Liaocheng, Shandong 252000, China.
| | - Chao Wang
- Cancer Institute, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao Cancer Institute, Qingdao, Shandong 266000, China.
| | - Dongming Xing
- Cancer Institute, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao Cancer Institute, Qingdao, Shandong 266000, China; School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
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McCabe SM, Wallace GQ, Sloan-Dennison S, Tipping WJ, Shand NC, Graham D, Boyd M, Faulds K. Evaluating nanoparticle localisation in glioblastoma multicellular tumour spheroids by surface enhanced Raman scattering. Analyst 2023. [PMID: 37366648 DOI: 10.1039/d3an00751k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a particularly aggressive and high-grade brain cancer, with poor prognosis and life expectancy, in urgent need of novel therapies. These severe outcomes are compounded by the difficulty in distinguishing between cancerous and non-cancerous tissues using conventional imaging techniques. Metallic nanoparticles (NPs) are advantageous due to their diverse optical and physical properties, such as their targeting and imaging potential. In this work, the uptake, distribution, and location of silica coated gold nanoparticles (AuNP-SHINs) within multicellular tumour spheroids (MTS) derived from U87-MG glioblastoma cells was investigated by surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) optical mapping. MTS are three-dimensional in vitro tumour mimics that represent a tumour in vivo much more closely than that of a two-dimensional cell culture. By using AuNP-SHIN nanotags, it is possible to readily functionalise the inner gold surface with a Raman reporter, and the outer silica surface with an antibody for tumour specific targeting. The nanotags were designed to target the biomarker tenascin-C overexpressed in U87-MG glioblastoma cells. Immunochemistry indicated that tenascin-C was upregulated within the core of the MTS, however limitations such as NP size, quiescence, and hypoxia, restricted the penetration of the nanotags to the core and they remained in the outer proliferating cells of the spheroids. Previous examples of MTS studies using SERS demonstrated the incubation of NPs on a 2D monolayer of cells, with the subsequent formation of the MTS from these pre-incubated cells. Here, we focus on the localisation of the NPs after incubation into pre-formed MTS to establish a better understanding of targeting and NP uptake. Therefore, this work highlights the importance for the investigation and translation of NP uptake into these 3D in vitro models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha M McCabe
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Technology and Innovation Centre, University of Strathclyde, 99 George Street, Glasgow, G1 1RD, UK.
- The Defence Science and Technology Laboratory (Dstl), Porton Down, Salisbury, SP4 0JQ, UK
| | - Gregory Q Wallace
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Technology and Innovation Centre, University of Strathclyde, 99 George Street, Glasgow, G1 1RD, UK.
| | - Sian Sloan-Dennison
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Technology and Innovation Centre, University of Strathclyde, 99 George Street, Glasgow, G1 1RD, UK.
| | - William J Tipping
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Technology and Innovation Centre, University of Strathclyde, 99 George Street, Glasgow, G1 1RD, UK.
| | - Neil C Shand
- The Defence Science and Technology Laboratory (Dstl), Porton Down, Salisbury, SP4 0JQ, UK
| | - Duncan Graham
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Technology and Innovation Centre, University of Strathclyde, 99 George Street, Glasgow, G1 1RD, UK.
| | - Marie Boyd
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, 161 Cathedral Street, Glasgow, G4 0RE, UK
| | - Karen Faulds
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Technology and Innovation Centre, University of Strathclyde, 99 George Street, Glasgow, G1 1RD, UK.
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