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Kawasaki R, Oshige A, Kono N, Yamana K, Hirano H, Miura Y, Yorioka R, Bando K, Tabata A, Yasukawa N, Sadakane M, Sanada Y, Suzuki M, Takata T, Sakurai Y, Tanaka H, Yimiti D, Miyaki S, Adachi N, Mizuta R, Sasaki Y, Akiyoshi K, Hattori Y, Kirihata M, Nagasaki T, Ikeda A. Extracellular Vesicles Comprising Carborane Prepared by a Host Exchanging Reaction as a Boron Carrier for Boron Neutron Capture Therapy. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024. [PMID: 39106079 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c07650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/07/2024]
Abstract
With their low immunogenicity and excellent deliverability, extracellular vesicles (EVs) are promising platforms for drug delivery systems. In this study, hydrophobic molecule loading techniques were developed via an exchange reaction based on supramolecular chemistry without using organic solvents that can induce EV disruption and harmful side effects. To demonstrate the availability of an exchanging reaction to prepare drug-loading EVs, hydrophobic boron cluster carborane (CB) was introduced to EVs (CB@EVs), which is expected as a boron agent for boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT). The exchange reaction enabled the encapsulation of CB to EVs without disrupting their structure and forming aggregates. Single-particle analysis revealed that an exchanging reaction can uniformly introduce cargo molecules to EVs, which is advantageous in formulating pharmaceuticals. The performance of CB@EVs as boron agents for BNCT was demonstrated in vitro and in vivo. Compared to L-BPA, a clinically available boron agent, and CB delivered with liposomes, CB@EV systems exhibited the highest BNCT activity in vitro due to their excellent deliverability of cargo molecules via an endocytosis-independent pathway. The system can deeply penetrate 3D cultured spheroids even in the presence of extracellular matrices. The EV-based system could efficiently accumulate in tumor tissues in tumor xenograft model mice with high selectivity, mainly via the enhanced permeation and retention effect, and the deliverability of cargo molecules to tumor tissues in vivo enhanced the therapeutic benefits of BNCT compared to the L-BPA/fructose complex. All of the features of EVs are also advantageous in establishing anticancer agent delivery platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riku Kawasaki
- Applied Chemistry Program, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-4-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8527, Japan
| | - Ayano Oshige
- Applied Chemistry Program, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-4-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8527, Japan
| | - Nanami Kono
- Applied Chemistry Program, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-4-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8527, Japan
| | - Keita Yamana
- Applied Chemistry Program, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-4-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8527, Japan
| | - Hidetoshi Hirano
- Applied Chemistry Program, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-4-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8527, Japan
| | - Yamato Miura
- Applied Chemistry Program, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-4-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8527, Japan
| | - Ryuji Yorioka
- Applied Chemistry Program, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-4-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8527, Japan
| | - Kaori Bando
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Metropolitan University, 3-3-138 Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
| | - Anri Tabata
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Metropolitan University, 3-3-138 Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
| | - Naoki Yasukawa
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Metropolitan University, 3-3-138 Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
| | - Masahiro Sadakane
- Applied Chemistry Program, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-4-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8527, Japan
| | - Yu Sanada
- Institute for Integrated Radiation and Nuclear Science, Kyoto University, Asashiro-Nishi, Kumatori-cho, Sennan-gun, Osaka 590-0494, Japan
| | - Minoru Suzuki
- Institute for Integrated Radiation and Nuclear Science, Kyoto University, Asashiro-Nishi, Kumatori-cho, Sennan-gun, Osaka 590-0494, Japan
| | - Takushi Takata
- Institute for Integrated Radiation and Nuclear Science, Kyoto University, Asashiro-Nishi, Kumatori-cho, Sennan-gun, Osaka 590-0494, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Sakurai
- Institute for Integrated Radiation and Nuclear Science, Kyoto University, Asashiro-Nishi, Kumatori-cho, Sennan-gun, Osaka 590-0494, Japan
| | - Hiroki Tanaka
- Institute for Integrated Radiation and Nuclear Science, Kyoto University, Asashiro-Nishi, Kumatori-cho, Sennan-gun, Osaka 590-0494, Japan
| | - Dilimulati Yimiti
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8551, Japan
| | - Shigeru Miyaki
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8551, Japan
| | - Nobuo Adachi
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8551, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Mizuta
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto Daigaku Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Scripps Research, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Yoshihiro Sasaki
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto Daigaku Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Kazunari Akiyoshi
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto Daigaku Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Yoshihide Hattori
- Research Center for BNCT, Osaka Metropolitan University, 1-2, Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan
| | - Mitsunori Kirihata
- Research Center for BNCT, Osaka Metropolitan University, 1-2, Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan
| | - Takeshi Nagasaki
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Metropolitan University, 3-3-138 Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
| | - Atsushi Ikeda
- Applied Chemistry Program, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-4-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8527, Japan
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Chen Y, Liang Z, Lai M. Targeting the devil: Strategies against cancer-associated fibroblasts in colorectal cancer. Transl Res 2024; 270:81-93. [PMID: 38614213 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2024.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 04/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/15/2024]
Abstract
Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), as significant constituents of the tumor microenvironment (TME), play a pivotal role in the progression of cancers, including colorectal cancer (CRC). In this comprehensive review, we presented the origins and activation mechanisms of CAFs in CRC, elaborating on how CAFs drive tumor progression through their interactions with CRC cells, immune cells, vascular endothelial cells, and the extracellular matrix within the TME. We systematically outline the intricate web of interactions among CAFs, tumor cells, and other TME components, and based on this complex interplay, we summarize various therapeutic strategies designed to target CAFs in CRC. It is also essential to recognize that CAFs represent a highly heterogeneous group, encompassing various subtypes such as myofibroblastic CAF (myCAF), inflammatory CAF (iCAF), antigen-presenting CAF (apCAF), vessel-associated CAF (vCAF). Herein, we provide a summary of studies investigating the heterogeneity of CAFs in CRC and the characteristic expression patterns of each subtype. While the majority of CAFs contribute to the exacerbation of CRC malignancy, recent findings have revealed specific subtypes that exert inhibitory effects on CRC progression. Nevertheless, the comprehensive landscape of CAF heterogeneity still awaits exploration. We also highlight pivotal unanswered questions that need to be addressed before CAFs can be recognized as feasible targets for cancer treatment. In conclusion, the aim of our review is to elucidate the significance and challenges of advancing in-depth research on CAFs, while outlining the pathway to uncover the complex roles of CAFs in CRC and underscore their significant potential as therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuting Chen
- Department of Pathology, and Department of Pathology of Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Research Unit of Intelligence Classification of Tumor Pathology and Precision Therapy of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2019RU042), Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China; Department of Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Disease, Molecular Pathology Research Center, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China; Key Laboratory of Disease Proteomics of Zhejiang Province, Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
| | - Zhiyong Liang
- Department of Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Disease, Molecular Pathology Research Center, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Maode Lai
- Department of Pathology, and Department of Pathology of Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Research Unit of Intelligence Classification of Tumor Pathology and Precision Therapy of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2019RU042), Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China; Key Laboratory of Disease Proteomics of Zhejiang Province, Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China.
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Guishard AR, Guishard AF, Semenova N, Kaushik V, Azad N, Iyer AKV, Yakisich JS. A Short Post-Reattachment Ultrasensitive Window of Time in Human Cancer Cells as Therapeutic Target of Prolonged Low-Dose Administration of Specific Compounds. Int J Cell Biol 2024; 2024:2699572. [PMID: 38352698 PMCID: PMC10861276 DOI: 10.1155/2024/2699572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Prolonged low-dose administration (PLDA) of several FDA-approved drugs for noncancer conditions or dietary compounds is associated with a lower incidence of specific types of cancers and with the lower formation of metastasis. However, the underlying mechanism is unknown; there is a discrepancy between the concentration of drugs needed to kill cancer cells in vitro and the actual serum levels (10 and >1000 times lower) found in patients. In this study, we evaluated the hypothesis that clonogenicity may be the target of PLDA. We compared the effect of nigericin (NIG) and menadione (MEN) on the human A549 and H460 lung and MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell lines using routine MTT and colony forming assays (CFA). The ability of both NIG and MEN to eliminate 100% of cancer cells was at least 2-10 times more potent in CFA compared to MTT assays. Our results revealed the existence of a short post-reattachment window of time when cancer cells growing at low density are more sensitive to PLDA of specific drugs likely by targeting clonogenic rather than proliferation pathways. This short ultrasensitive window of time (SUSWoT) was cell- and drug-type specific: the SUSWoT for NIG was present in H460, A549, and MDA-MB-231 cells but not evident in MCF-7 cells. Conversely, a similar SUSWoT for MEN was present in MCF-7, MDA-MD-231, and A549 cells but not evident in H460 cells. Our findings partially explain the decreased incidence of specific types of cancer by PLDA of FDA-approved drugs (or dietary compounds) for noncancer conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Nina Semenova
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Hampton, VA, USA
| | - Vivek Kaushik
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Hampton, VA, USA
| | - Neelam Azad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Hampton, VA, USA
- Office of the Vice President for Research, Hampton University, Hampton, VA, USA
| | - Anand K. V. Iyer
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Hampton, VA, USA
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