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Kumar A, Kumar P. Echocardiographic Study of Ventricular Septal Defect in 1- to 12-Year-Old Children Visiting a Tertiary Care Center in Patna, India. Cureus 2023; 15:e46363. [PMID: 37920619 PMCID: PMC10619588 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.46363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Symptoms of serious heart problems present at birth often appear during the first few days, weeks, or months of a child's life. Shunt formation between the left and right ventricle is a crucial component of the pathophysiology of ventral septal defects. Objectives We aim to determine the most frequent types of ventricular septal defect (VSD) by echocardiography and whether there is any gender variation in the type of ventricular septal defect. Material and methods A total of 100 children who were clinically suspected of or diagnosed with VSD at the age of 1-12 years were enrolled in this study. The septum of the atrioventricular (AV) canal, the muscular septum, and the parietal band of the distal conal septum were evaluated by color Doppler. Ventricular septal defect (VSD) size and kind are similarly impacted by the 2D echo mode. The size and site of the VSD, associated congenital anomaly, and significant morphological changes in ventricular cavities, gender discrimination, and relation-specific types of ventricular septal defect were observed. Results A total of 100 VSD children presented with clinical symptoms of fast breathing, retraction of the chest, cough, cyanosis, fever, difficulty during feeding, cyanotic spell, chest pain, and edema at 65%, 62%, 54%, 52%, 54%, 29%, 9%, 11%, and 4%, respectively. Conclusion Early diagnosis is essential for effective medical care of diseases such as infective endocarditis (IE), which is present in some cases of VSD, and the avoidance of persistent pulmonary veno-occlusive disease (PVOD).
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Affiliation(s)
- Amish Kumar
- Department of Anatomy, Indira Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna, IND
| | - Pankaj Kumar
- Department of Anatomy, Narayan Medical College and Hospital, Patna, IND
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Coi A, Santoro M, Pierini A, Rankin J, Glinianaia SV, Tan J, Reid AK, Garne E, Loane M, Given J, Ballardini E, Cavero-Carbonell C, de Walle HEK, Gatt M, García-Villodre L, Gissler M, Jordan S, Kiuru-Kuhlefelt S, Kjaer Urhoj S, Klungsøyr K, Lelong N, Lutke LR, Neville AJ, Rahshenas M, Scanlon I, Wellesley D, Morris JK. Survival of children with rare structural congenital anomalies: a multi-registry cohort study. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2022; 17:142. [PMID: 35351164 PMCID: PMC8966236 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-022-02292-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Congenital anomalies are the leading cause of perinatal, neonatal and infant mortality in developed countries. Large long-term follow-up studies investigating survival beyond the first year of life in children with rare congenital anomalies are costly and sufficiently large standardized cohorts are difficult to obtain due to the rarity of some anomalies. This study aimed to investigate the survival up to 10 years of age of children born with a rare structural congenital anomaly in the period 1995-2014 in Western Europe. METHODS Live births from thirteen EUROCAT (European network for the epidemiological surveillance of congenital anomalies) population-based registries were linked to mortality records. Survival for 12,685 live births with one of the 31 investigated rare structural congenital anomalies (CAs) was estimated at 1 week, 4 weeks and 1, 5 and 10 years of age within each registry and combined across Europe using random effects meta-analyses. Differences between registries were evaluated for the eight rare CAs with at least 500 live births. RESULTS Amongst the investigated CAs, arhinencephaly/holoprosencephaly had the lowest survival at all ages (58.1%, 95% Confidence Interval (CI): 44.3-76.2% at 1 week; 47.4%, CI: 36.4-61.6% at 1 year; 35.6%, CI: 22.2-56.9% at 10 years). Overall, children with rare CAs of the digestive system had the highest survival (> 95% at 1 week, > 84% at 10 years). Most deaths occurred within the first four weeks of life, resulting in a 10-year survival conditional on surviving 4 weeks of over 95% for 17 out of 31 rare CAs. A moderate variability in survival between participating registries was observed for the eight selected rare CAs. CONCLUSIONS Pooling standardised data across 13 European CA registries and the linkage to mortality data enabled reliable survival estimates to be obtained at five ages up to ten years. Such estimates are useful for clinical practice and parental counselling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessio Coi
- Unit of Epidemiology of Rare Diseases and Congenital Anomalies, Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council, Via Moruzzi 1, 56124, Pisa, Italy.
| | - Michele Santoro
- Unit of Epidemiology of Rare Diseases and Congenital Anomalies, Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council, Via Moruzzi 1, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Anna Pierini
- Unit of Epidemiology of Rare Diseases and Congenital Anomalies, Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council, Via Moruzzi 1, 56124, Pisa, Italy
- Fondazione Toscana Gabriele Monasterio, Pisa, Italy
| | - Judith Rankin
- Population Health Sciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Svetlana V Glinianaia
- Population Health Sciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Joachim Tan
- Population Health Research Institute, St George's University of London, London, UK
| | - Abigail-Kate Reid
- Population Health Research Institute, St George's University of London, London, UK
| | - Ester Garne
- Paediatric Department, Hospital Lillebaelt, Kolding, Denmark
| | - Maria Loane
- Faculty of Life and Health Sciences, Ulster University, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Joanne Given
- Faculty of Life and Health Sciences, Ulster University, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Elisa Ballardini
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Paediatric Section, IMER Registry (Emilia Romagna Registry of Birth Defects), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Clara Cavero-Carbonell
- Rare Diseases Research Unit, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region, Valencia, Spain
| | - Hermien E K de Walle
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Miriam Gatt
- Malta Congenital Anomalies Register, Directorate of Health Information and Research, Pieta, Malta
| | - Laura García-Villodre
- Rare Diseases Research Unit, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region, Valencia, Spain
| | - Mika Gissler
- Information Services Department, THL Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sue Jordan
- Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Science, Swansea University, Swansea, Wales, UK
| | - Sonja Kiuru-Kuhlefelt
- Information Services Department, THL Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Stine Kjaer Urhoj
- Paediatric Department, Hospital Lillebaelt, Kolding, Denmark
- Section of Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kari Klungsøyr
- Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Division for Mental and Physical Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Bergen, Norway
| | - Nathalie Lelong
- Center of Research in Epidemiology and StatisticS/CRESS/Obstetrical Perinatal and Pediatric Epidemiology Research Team (EPOPé), INSERM, INRA, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - L Renée Lutke
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Amanda J Neville
- IMER Registry (Emila Romagna Registry of Birth Defects), Center for Clinical and Epidemiological Research, University of Ferrara Azienda Ospedaliero- Universitaria di Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Makan Rahshenas
- Center of Research in Epidemiology and StatisticS/CRESS/Obstetrical Perinatal and Pediatric Epidemiology Research Team (EPOPé), INSERM, INRA, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Ieuan Scanlon
- Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Science, Swansea University, Swansea, Wales, UK
| | - Diana Wellesley
- Wessex Clinical Genetics Service, Princess Anne Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Joan K Morris
- Population Health Research Institute, St George's University of London, London, UK
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Fedrigo M, Frescura C, Angelini A, Thiene G. Complete Transposition of Great Arteries With Dominant Left Ventricle: Long-Term Survival in Natural History. JACC Case Rep 2020; 2:2107-2110. [PMID: 34317117 PMCID: PMC8299762 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaccas.2020.06.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2019] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
We report the case of an adult patient, affected by complete transposition of great arteries with ventricular septal defect, who survived until 68 years of age without surgery, thanks to the presence of a common atrium and pulmonary stenosis. (Level of Difficulty: Advanced.)
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Key Words
- Ao, aorta
- CHD, congenital heart disease
- CT, cresta terminalis
- LAA, left atrial appendage
- LV, left ventricle
- M, mitral valve
- PH, pulmonary hypertension
- PV, pulmonary valve
- RAA, right atrial appendage
- RV, right ventricle
- T, tricuspid valve
- TGA, transposition of great arteries
- VSD, ventricular septal defect
- complete transposition of the great arteries
- congenital heart disease
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Affiliation(s)
- Marny Fedrigo
- Cardiovascular Pathology Unit, Department of Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Carla Frescura
- Cardiovascular Pathology Unit, Department of Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Annalisa Angelini
- Cardiovascular Pathology Unit, Department of Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Gaetano Thiene
- Cardiovascular Pathology Unit, Department of Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
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