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Yu Y, Liu S, Yang L, Song P, Liu Z, Liu X, Yan X, Dong Q. Roles of reactive oxygen species in inflammation and cancer. MedComm (Beijing) 2024; 5:e519. [PMID: 38576456 PMCID: PMC10993368 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2023] [Revised: 01/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) constitute a spectrum of oxygenic metabolites crucial in modulating pathological organism functions. Disruptions in ROS equilibrium span various diseases, and current insights suggest a dual role for ROS in tumorigenesis and the immune response within cancer. This review rigorously examines ROS production and its role in normal cells, elucidating the subsequent regulatory network in inflammation and cancer. Comprehensive synthesis details the documented impacts of ROS on diverse immune cells. Exploring the intricate relationship between ROS and cancer immunity, we highlight its influence on existing immunotherapies, including immune checkpoint blockade, chimeric antigen receptors, and cancer vaccines. Additionally, we underscore the promising prospects of utilizing ROS and targeting ROS modulators as novel immunotherapeutic interventions for cancer. This review discusses the complex interplay between ROS, inflammation, and tumorigenesis, emphasizing the multifaceted functions of ROS in both physiological and pathological conditions. It also underscores the potential implications of ROS in cancer immunotherapy and suggests future research directions, including the development of targeted therapies and precision oncology approaches. In summary, this review emphasizes the significance of understanding ROS-mediated mechanisms for advancing cancer therapy and developing personalized treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunfei Yu
- Department of UrologyWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Shengzhuo Liu
- Department of UrologyWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Luchen Yang
- Department of UrologyWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Pan Song
- Department of UrologyWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Zhenghuan Liu
- Department of UrologyWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Xiaoyang Liu
- Department of UrologyWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Xin Yan
- Department of UrologyWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Qiang Dong
- Department of UrologyWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduChina
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Pan Z, Shao M, Zhao C, Yang X, Li H, Cui G, Liang X, Yu CW, Ye Q, Gao C, Di L, Chern JW, Zhou H, Lee SMY. J24335 exerts neuroprotective effects against 6-hydroxydopamine-induced lesions in PC12 cells and mice. Eur J Pharm Sci 2024; 194:106696. [PMID: 38199443 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2024.106696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 01/06/2024] [Accepted: 01/07/2024] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease is the second most prevalent age-related neurodegenerative disease and disrupts the lives of people aged >60 years. Meanwhile, single-target drugs becoming inapplicable as PD pathogenesis diversifies. Mitochondrial dysfunction and neurotoxicity have been shown to be relevant to the pathogenesis of PD. The novel synthetic compound J24335 (11-Hydroxy-1-(8-methoxy-5-(trifluoromethyl)quinolin-2-yl)undecan-1-one oxime), which has been researched similarly to J2326, has the potential to be a multi-targeted drug and alleviate these lesions. Therefore, we investigated the mechanism of action and potential neuroprotective function of J24335 against 6-OHDA-induced neurotoxicity in mice, and in PC12 cell models. The key target of action of J24335 was also screened. MTT assay, LDH assay, flow cytometry, RT-PCR, LC-MS, OCR and ECAR detection, and Western Blot analysis were performed to characterize the neuroprotective effects of J24335 on PC12 cells and its potential mechanism. Behavioral tests and immunohistochemistry were used to evaluate behavioral changes and brain lesions in mice. Moreover, bioinformatics was employed to assess the drug-likeness of J24335 and screen its potential targets. J24335 attenuated the degradation of mitochondrial membrane potential and enhanced glucose metabolism and mitochondrial biosynthesis to ameliorate 6-OHDA-induced mitochondrial dysfunction. Animal behavioral tests demonstrated that J24335 markedly improved motor function and loss of TH-positive neurons and dopaminergic nerve fibers, and contributed to an increase in the levels of dopamine and its metabolites in brain tissue. The activation of both the CREB/PGC-1α/NRF-1/TFAM and PKA/Akt/GSK-3β pathways was a major contributor to the neuroprotective effects of J24335. Furthermore, bioinformatics predictions revealed that J24335 is a low toxicity and highly BBB permeable compound targeting 8 key genes (SRC, EGFR, ERBB2, SYK, MAPK14, LYN, NTRK1 and PTPN1). Molecular docking suggested a strong and stable binding between J24335 and the 8 core targets. Taken together, our results indicated that J24335, as a multi-targeted neuroprotective agent with promising therapeutic potential for PD, could protect against 6-OHDA-induced neurotoxicity via two potential pathways in mice and PC12 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhijian Pan
- Department of Bioengineering, Zhuhai Campus of Zunyi Medical University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Min Shao
- Department of Bioengineering, Zhuhai Campus of Zunyi Medical University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Chen Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine and Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau
| | - Xuanjun Yang
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong, China
| | - Haitao Li
- Department of Bioengineering, Zhuhai Campus of Zunyi Medical University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Guozhen Cui
- Department of Bioengineering, Zhuhai Campus of Zunyi Medical University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Xiaonan Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine and Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau
| | - Chao-Wu Yu
- School of Pharmacy, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10050, Taiwan, China
| | - Qingqing Ye
- School of Pharmacy, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10050, Taiwan, China
| | - Cheng Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine and Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau
| | - Lijun Di
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau, China
| | - Ji-Wang Chern
- School of Pharmacy, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10050, Taiwan, China
| | - Hefeng Zhou
- Department of Bioengineering, Zhuhai Campus of Zunyi Medical University, Zhuhai, China.
| | - Simon Ming-Yuen Lee
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine and Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau; Department of Food Science and Nutrition, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong, China.
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3
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Zhang Y, Kong D, Han H, Cao Y, Zhu H, Cui G. Caffeic acid phenethyl ester protects against doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity and increases chemotherapeutic efficacy by regulating the unfolded protein response. Food Chem Toxicol 2021; 159:112770. [PMID: 34915066 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2021.112770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Doxorubicin (Dox) is an efficient drug used in breast cancer chemotherapy. However, the clinical application of Dox in cancer treatment is limited due to its cardiotoxicity. Caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) is a critical bioactive ingredient of honeybee propolis that possesses various beneficial pharmacological properties, such as antioxidant and anticancer activities. Here, we aimed to investigate the protective effect of CAPE on Dox-induced cardiotoxicity and its anti-breast cancer effects. CAPE significantly ameliorated Dox-induced toxicity in H9c2 cells and in a mouse model. Mechanistically, Dox caused endoplasmic reticulum (ER) dysfunction characterized by the activation of the unfolded protein response (UPR) and upregulation of Bax proteins, and CAPE attenuated the Dox-induced UPR in H9c2 cells. In contrast, CAPE significantly enhanced Dox-induced cytotoxicity in human breast cancer cells by upregulating the Dox-induced UPR; it also markedly suppressed tumor growth in 4T1 cancer-bearing BALB/c mice. In conclusion, CAPE could be used as a promising therapy for patients with cancer receiving Dox treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhang
- Department of Bioengineering, Zhuhai Campus of Zunyi Medical University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Dezhi Kong
- Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, College of Chinese Integrative Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Han Han
- Department of Bioengineering, Zhuhai Campus of Zunyi Medical University, Zhuhai, China
| | - YongJun Cao
- Department of Bioengineering, Zhuhai Campus of Zunyi Medical University, Zhuhai, China
| | - HongXuan Zhu
- Department of Bioengineering, Zhuhai Campus of Zunyi Medical University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Guozhen Cui
- Department of Bioengineering, Zhuhai Campus of Zunyi Medical University, Zhuhai, China.
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Yang S, Wu S, Dai W, Pang L, Xie Y, Ren T, Zhang X, Bi S, Zheng Y, Wang J, Sun Y, Zheng Z, Kong J. Tetramethylpyrazine: A Review of Its Antitumor Potential and Mechanisms. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:764331. [PMID: 34975475 PMCID: PMC8716857 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.764331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer remains a major public health threat. The mitigation of the associated morbidity and mortality remains a major research focus. From a molecular biological perspective, cancer is defined as uncontrolled cell division and abnormal cell growth caused by various gene mutations. Therefore, there remains an urgent need to develop safe and effective antitumor drugs. The antitumor effect of plant extracts, which are characterized by relatively low toxicity and adverse effect, has attracted significant attention. For example, increasing attention has been paid to the antitumor effects of tetramethylpyrazine (TMP), the active component of the Chinese medicine Chuanqiong, which can affect tumor cell proliferation, apoptosis, invasion, metastasis, and angiogenesis, as well as reverse chemotherapeutic resistance in neoplasms, thereby triggering antitumor effects. Moreover, TMP can be used in combination with chemotherapeutic agents to enhance their effects and reduce the side effect associated with chemotherapy. Herein, we review the antitumor effects of TMP to provide a theoretical basis and foundation for the further exploration of its underlying antitumor mechanisms and promoting its clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaojie Yang
- Biliary Surgery (2nd General) Unit, Department of General Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Shuodong Wu
- Biliary Surgery (2nd General) Unit, Department of General Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Wanlin Dai
- Innovation Institute of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Liwei Pang
- Biliary Surgery (2nd General) Unit, Department of General Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yaofeng Xie
- Department of Cardiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Tengqi Ren
- Biliary Surgery (2nd General) Unit, Department of General Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiaolin Zhang
- Biliary Surgery (2nd General) Unit, Department of General Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Shiyuan Bi
- Biliary Surgery (2nd General) Unit, Department of General Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yuting Zheng
- Biliary Surgery (2nd General) Unit, Department of General Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jingnan Wang
- Biliary Surgery (2nd General) Unit, Department of General Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yang Sun
- Biliary Surgery (2nd General) Unit, Department of General Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Zhuyuan Zheng
- Biliary Surgery (2nd General) Unit, Department of General Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jing Kong
- Biliary Surgery (2nd General) Unit, Department of General Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- *Correspondence: Jing Kong,
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Bevacizumab-Induced Mitochondrial Dysfunction, Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress, and ERK Inactivation Contribute to Cardiotoxicity. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:5548130. [PMID: 33859777 PMCID: PMC8009725 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5548130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The molecular mechanisms underlying the cardiotoxicity associated with bevacizumab, a first-line immunotherapeutic agent used to treat lung cancer, are not fully understood. Here, we examined intracellular signal transduction in cardiomyocytes after exposure to different doses of bevacizumab in vitro. Our results demonstrated that bevacizumab significantly and dose-dependently reduces cardiomyocyte viability and increases cell apoptosis. Bevacizumab treatment also led to mitochondrial dysfunction in cardiomyocytes, as evidenced by the decreased ATP production, increased ROS production, attenuated antioxidative enzyme levels, and reduced respiratory complex function. In addition, bevacizumab induced intracellular calcium overload, ER stress, and caspase-12 activation. Finally, bevacizumab treatment inhibited the ERK signaling pathway, which, in turn, significantly reduced cardiomyocyte viability and contributed to mitochondrial dysfunction. Together, our results demonstrate that bevacizumab-mediated cardiotoxicity is associated with mitochondrial dysfunction, ER stress, and ERK pathway inactivation. These findings may provide potential treatment targets to attenuate myocardial injury during lung cancer immunotherapy.
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Endoplasmic reticulum stress and unfolded protein response in cardiovascular diseases. Nat Rev Cardiol 2021; 18:499-521. [PMID: 33619348 DOI: 10.1038/s41569-021-00511-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 281] [Impact Index Per Article: 93.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), such as ischaemic heart disease, cardiomyopathy, atherosclerosis, hypertension, stroke and heart failure, are among the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Although specific CVDs and the associated cardiometabolic abnormalities have distinct pathophysiological and clinical manifestations, they often share common traits, including disruption of proteostasis resulting in accumulation of unfolded or misfolded proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). ER proteostasis is governed by the unfolded protein response (UPR), a signalling pathway that adjusts the protein-folding capacity of the cell to sustain the cell's secretory function. When the adaptive UPR fails to preserve ER homeostasis, a maladaptive or terminal UPR is engaged, leading to the disruption of ER integrity and to apoptosis. ER stress functions as a double-edged sword, with long-term ER stress resulting in cellular defects causing disturbed cardiovascular function. In this Review, we discuss the distinct roles of the UPR and ER stress response as both causes and consequences of CVD. We also summarize the latest advances in our understanding of the importance of the UPR and ER stress in the pathogenesis of CVD and discuss potential therapeutic strategies aimed at restoring ER proteostasis in CVDs.
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Varghese E, Samuel SM, Líšková A, Samec M, Kubatka P, Büsselberg D. Targeting Glucose Metabolism to Overcome Resistance to Anticancer Chemotherapy in Breast Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E2252. [PMID: 32806533 PMCID: PMC7464784 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12082252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2020] [Revised: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is the most prevalent cancer in women. BC is heterogeneous, with distinct phenotypical and morphological characteristics. These are based on their gene expression profiles, which divide BC into different subtypes, among which the triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) subtype is the most aggressive one. The growing interest in tumor metabolism emphasizes the role of altered glucose metabolism in driving cancer progression, response to cancer treatment, and its distinct role in therapy resistance. Alterations in glucose metabolism are characterized by increased uptake of glucose, hyperactivated glycolysis, decreased oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) component, and the accumulation of lactate. These deviations are attributed to the upregulation of key glycolytic enzymes and transporters of the glucose metabolic pathway. Key glycolytic enzymes such as hexokinase, lactate dehydrogenase, and enolase are upregulated, thereby conferring resistance towards drugs such as cisplatin, paclitaxel, tamoxifen, and doxorubicin. Besides, drug efflux and detoxification are two energy-dependent mechanisms contributing to resistance. The emergence of resistance to chemotherapy can occur at an early or later stage of the treatment, thus limiting the success and outcome of the therapy. Therefore, understanding the aberrant glucose metabolism in tumors and its link in conferring therapy resistance is essential. Using combinatory treatment with metabolic inhibitors, for example, 2-deoxy-D-glucose (2-DG) and metformin, showed promising results in countering therapy resistance. Newer drug designs such as drugs conjugated to sugars or peptides that utilize the enhanced expression of tumor cell glucose transporters offer selective and efficient drug delivery to cancer cells with less toxicity to healthy cells. Last but not least, naturally occurring compounds of plants defined as phytochemicals manifest a promising approach for the eradication of cancer cells via suppression of essential enzymes or other compartments associated with glycolysis. Their benefits for human health open new opportunities in therapeutic intervention, either alone or in combination with chemotherapeutic drugs. Importantly, phytochemicals as efficacious instruments of anticancer therapy can suppress events leading to chemoresistance of cancer cells. Here, we review the current knowledge of altered glucose metabolism in contributing to resistance to classical anticancer drugs in BC treatment and various ways to target the aberrant metabolism that will serve as a promising strategy for chemosensitizing tumors and overcoming resistance in BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Varghese
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha 24144, Qatar; (E.V.); (S.M.S.)
| | - Samson Mathews Samuel
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha 24144, Qatar; (E.V.); (S.M.S.)
| | - Alena Líšková
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 03601 Martin, Slovakia; (A.L.); (M.S.)
| | - Marek Samec
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 03601 Martin, Slovakia; (A.L.); (M.S.)
| | - Peter Kubatka
- Department of Medical Biology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 03601 Martin, Slovakia;
| | - Dietrich Büsselberg
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha 24144, Qatar; (E.V.); (S.M.S.)
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Aziz AUR, Yu X, Jiang Q, Zhao Y, Deng S, Qin K, Wang H, Liu B. Doxorubicin-induced toxicity to 3D-cultured rat ovarian follicles on a microfluidic chip. Toxicol In Vitro 2020; 62:104677. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2019.104677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Revised: 09/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Tetramethylpyrazine Attenuates the Endotheliotoxicity and the Mitochondrial Dysfunction by Doxorubicin via 14-3-3 γ/Bcl-2. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:5820415. [PMID: 31885804 PMCID: PMC6914960 DOI: 10.1155/2019/5820415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2019] [Revised: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Doxorubicin (Dox) with cardiotoxicity and endotheliotoxicity limits its clinical application for cancer. The toxicitic mechanism involves excess ROS generation. 14-3-3s have the protective effects on various injured tissues and cells. Tetramethylpyrazine (TMP) is an alkaloid extracted from the rhizome of Ligusticum wallichii and has multiple bioactivities. We hypothesize that TMP has the protective effects on vascular endothelium by upregulating 14-3-3γ. To test the hypothesis, Dox-induced endotheliotoxicity was used to establish vascular endothelium injury models in mice and human umbilical vein endothelial cells. The effects of TMP were assessed by determining thoracic aortic strips' endothelium-dependent dilation (EDD), as well as LDH, CK, caspase-3, SOD, CAT, GSH-Px activities and MDA level in serum, apoptotic rate, and histopathological changes of vascular tissue (in vivo). Also, cell viability, LDH and caspase-3 activities, ROS generation, levels of NAD+/NADH and GSH/GSSG, MMP, mPTP opening, and apoptotic rate were evaluated (in vitro). The expression of 14-3-3γ and Bcl-2, as well as phosphorylation of Bad (S112), were determined by Western blot. Our results showed that Dox-induced injury to vascular endothelium was decreased by TMP via upregulating 14-3-3γ expression in total protein and Bcl-2 expression in mitochondria, activating Bad (S112) phosphorylation, maintaining EDD, reducing LDH, CK, and caspase-3 activities, thereby causing a reduction in apoptotic rate, and histopathological changes of vascular endothelium (in vivo). Furthermore, TMP increased cell viability and MMP levels, maintained NAD+/NADH, GSH/GSSG balance, decreased LDH and caspase-3 activities, ROS generation, mPTP opening, and apoptotic rate (in vitro). However, the protective effects to vascular endothelium of TMP were significantly canceled by pAD/14-3-3γ-shRNA, an adenovirus that caused knockdown 14-3-3γ expression, or ABT-737, a specific Bcl-2 inhibitor. In conclusion, this study is the first to demonstrate that TMP protects the vascular endothelium against Dox-induced injury via upregulating 14-3-3γ expression, promoting translocation of Bcl-2 to the mitochondria, closing mPTP, maintaining MMP, inhibiting RIRR mechanism, suppressing oxidative stress, improving mitochondrial function, and alleviating Dox-induced endotheliotoxicity.
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Tetramethylpyrazine Analogue T-006 Exerts Neuroprotective Effects against 6-Hydroxydopamine-Induced Parkinson's Disease In Vitro and In Vivo. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:8169125. [PMID: 31827703 PMCID: PMC6885178 DOI: 10.1155/2019/8169125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Revised: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc), and there is no cure for it at present. We have previously reported that the tetramethylpyrazine (TMP) derivative T-006 exhibited beneficial effects in Alzheimer's disease (AD) models. However, its effect on PD remains unclear. In the present study, we investigated the neuroprotective effects and underlying mechanisms of T-006 against 6-hydroxydopamine- (6-OHDA-) induced lesions in in vivo and in vitro PD models. Our results demonstrated that T-006 alleviated mitochondrial membrane potential loss and restored the energy metabolism and mitochondrial biogenesis that were induced by 6-OHDA in PC12 cells. In addition, animal experiments showed that administration of T-006 significantly attenuated the 6-OHDA-induced loss of tyrosine hydroxylase- (TH-) positive neurons in the SNpc, as well as dopaminergic nerve fibers in the striatum, and also increased the concentration of dopamine and its metabolites (DOPAC, HVA) in the striatum. Functional deficits were restored following T-006 treatment in 6-OHDA-lesioned mice, as demonstrated by improved motor coordination and rotational behavior. In addition, we found that the neuroprotective effects of T-006 were mediated, at least in part, by the activation of both the PKA/Akt/GSK-3β and CREB/PGC-1α/NRF-1/TFAM pathways. In summary, our findings demonstrate that T-006 could be developed as a novel neuroprotective agent for PD, and the two pathways might be promising therapeutic targets for PD.
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Zhou X, Wang A, Wang L, Yin J, Wang L, Di L, Hoi MPM, Shan L, Wu X, Wang Y. A Danshensu-Tetramethylpyrazine Conjugate DT-010 Overcomes Multidrug Resistance in Human Breast Cancer. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:722. [PMID: 31293428 PMCID: PMC6606714 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: We previously demonstrated that a Danshensu-Tetramethylpyrazine conjugate DT-010 enhanced anticancer effect of doxorubicin (Dox) in Dox-sensitive human breast cancer cells, and protected against Dox-induced cardiotoxicity. This work was designed to see whether DT-010 overcomes Dox resistance in resistant human breast cancer cells. Methods: The effects of DT-010, Dox or their combination on cell viability of Dox-resistant human breast cancer MCF-7/ADR cells were conducted using 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Apoptosis was examined by flow cytometry after Annexin V-FITC/PI co-staining. Dox accumulation in MCF-7/ADR cells was detected by flow cytometry and fluorescence microscopy. A fluorometric multidrug resistance (MDR) assay kit was used to evaluate the effect of DT-010 on MDR transporter activity. P-glycoprotein (P-gp) expression and activity were analyzed by Western blot and rhodamine 123 (Rh123) efflux assay, respectively. The effects of DT-010 on glycolysis and mitochondrial stress were detected using an Extracellular Flux Analyzer. A Succinate Dehydrogenase Activity Assay kit was used to measure mitochondrial complex II activity. Results: At non-cytotoxic concentrations, DT-010 in combination with Dox led to a significant growth inhibition of MCF-7/ADR cells, suggesting a synergy between DT-010 and Dox to reverse Dox resistance. DT-010 restored Dox-mediated apoptosis and p53 induction in MCF-7/ADR cells. DT-010 increased Dox accumulation in MCF-7/ADR cells via inhibiting P-gp activity, but without changing P-gp expression. Further studies showed that DT-010 significantly inhibited glycolysis and mitochondrial function of MCF-7/ADR cells. Mitochondrial complex II activity was inhibited by DT-010 or DT-010/Dox combination, but not by Dox. The DT-010-mediated suppression of metabolic process may render cells more vulnerable to Dox treatment and thus result in enhanced efficacy. Conclusions: The results indicate that DT-010 overcomes Dox resistance in human breast cancer cells through a dual action via simultaneously inhibiting P-gp-mediated drug efflux and influencing metabolic process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinhua Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine and Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Anqi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine and Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China.,PU-UM Innovative Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, Zhuhai, China
| | - Liang Wang
- Institute of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianhua Yin
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou, China
| | - Li Wang
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Lijun Di
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Maggie Pui-Man Hoi
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine and Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Luchen Shan
- Institute of New Drug Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xu Wu
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou, China
| | - Yuqiang Wang
- Institute of New Drug Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
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Cui Q, Wang JQ, Assaraf YG, Ren L, Gupta P, Wei L, Ashby CR, Yang DH, Chen ZS. Modulating ROS to overcome multidrug resistance in cancer. Drug Resist Updat 2018; 41:1-25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.drup.2018.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 273] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Revised: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/02/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Chan JYW, Tsui JCC, Law PTW, So WKW, Leung DYP, Sham MMK, Tsui SKW, Chan CWH. Regulation of TLR4 in silica-induced inflammation: An underlying mechanism of silicosis. Int J Med Sci 2018; 15:986-991. [PMID: 30013439 PMCID: PMC6036162 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.24715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2018] [Accepted: 04/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Silicosis is an incurable lung disease affecting millions of workers in hazardous occupations. It is caused by chronic exposure to the dust that contains free crystalline silica. Silica-induced lung damage occurs by several main mechanisms including cell death by apoptosis, fibrosis and production of cytokines. However, the signal pathways involved in these mechanisms are not fully characterized. In this study, the toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)-related signal pathway was examined in silica-treated U937-differentiated macrophages. The expression level of TLR4 was measured by both quantitative PCR and Western blot. Confirmation of the involvement of MyD88/TIRAP and NFκB p65 cascade was performed by Western blot. The secretion of cytokines IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10 and TNFα was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Our results showed that TLR4 and related MyD88/TIRAP pathway was associated with silica-exposure in U937-differentiated macrophages. Protein expression of TLR4, MyD88 and TIRAP was upregulated when the U937-differentiated macrophages were exposed to silica. However, the upregulation was attenuated when TLR4 inhibitor, TAK-242 was present. At different incubation times of silica exposure, it was found that NFκB p65 cascade was activated at 10-60 minutes. Release of cytokines IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10 and TNFα was induced by silica exposure and the induction of IL-1β, IL-6 and TNFα was suppressed by the addition of TAK-242. In conclusion, our study demonstrated that TLR4 and related MyD88/TIRAP pathway was involved in silica-induced inflammation in U937-differentiated macrophages. Downstream NFκB p65 cascade was activated within 1 hour when the U937-differentiated macrophages were exposed to silica. The better understanding of early stage of silica-induced inflammatory process may help to develop earlier diagnosis of silicosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judy Yuet Wa Chan
- Nethersole School of Nursing, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Joseph Chi Ching Tsui
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Patrick Tik Wan Law
- School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Winnie Kwok Wei So
- Nethersole School of Nursing, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Doris Yin Ping Leung
- Nethersole School of Nursing, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | | | | | - Carmen Wing Han Chan
- Nethersole School of Nursing, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
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Tang F, Zhou X, Wang L, Shan L, Li C, Zhou H, Lee SMY, Hoi MPM. A novel compound DT-010 protects against doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity in zebrafish and H9c2 cells by inhibiting reactive oxygen species-mediated apoptotic and autophagic pathways. Eur J Pharmacol 2017; 820:86-96. [PMID: 29229534 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2017.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2017] [Revised: 12/03/2017] [Accepted: 12/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Doxorubicin (Dox) is an effective anti-cancer agent but limited by its cardiotoxicity, thus the search for pharmacological agents for enhancing anti-cancer activities and protecting against cardiotoxicity has been a subject of great interest. We have previously reported the synergistic anti-cancer effects of a novel compound DT-010. In the present study, we further investigated the cardioprotective effects of DT-010 in zebrafish embryos in vivo and the molecular underlying mechanisms in H9c2 cardiomyocytes in vitro. We showed that DT-010 prevented the Dox-induced morphological distortions in the zebrafish heart and the associated cardiac impairments, and especially improved ventricular functions. By using H9c2 cells model, we showed that DT-010 directly inhibited the generation of reactive oxygen species by Dox and protected cell death and cellular damage. We further observed that DT-010 protected against Dox-induced myocardiopathy via inhibiting downstream molecular pathways in response to oxidative stress, including reactive oxygen species-mediated MAPK signaling pathways ERK and JNK, and apoptotic pathways involving the activation of caspase 3, caspase 7, and PARP signaling. Recent studies also suggest the importance of alterations in cardiac autophagy in Dox cardiotoxicity. We further showed that DT-010 could inhibit the induction of autophagosomes formation by Dox via regulating the upstream Akt/AMPK/mTOR signaling. Since Dox-induced cardiotoxicity is multifactorial, our results suggest that multi-functional agent such as DT-010 might be an effective therapeutic agent for combating cardiotoxicity associated with chemotherapeutic agents such as Dox.
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Key Words
- Anti-apoptosis
- Anti-oxidative stress
- Autophagy regulation
- Cardioprotection
- DT-010, 4-(3,5,6-trimethylpyrazin-2-yl) hepta-1,6-dien-4-yl (R)-3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-2-hydroxypropanoate
- Danshensu (PubChem CID: 11600642),(R)-3-(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)-2-hydroxypropanoic acid
- Doxorubicin (PubChem CID: 443939),(7S,9S)-7-[(2R,4S,5S,6S)-4-amino-5-hydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl] oxy-6,9,11-trihydroxy-9-(2-hydroxyacetyl)-4-methoxy-8,10-dihydro-7H-tetracene-5,12-dione
- H9c2 cardiomyocytes
- Tetramethylpyrazine (PubChem CID: 14296),2,3,5,6-tetramethylpyrazine
- Zebrafish cardiotoxicity
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine and Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau
| | - Xinhua Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine and Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau
| | - Liang Wang
- Institute of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Luchen Shan
- Institute of New Drug Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chuwen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine and Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau
| | - Hefeng Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine and Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau
| | - Simon Ming-Yuen Lee
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine and Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau.
| | - Maggie Pui-Man Hoi
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine and Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau.
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RNA-Seq revealed ATF3-regulated inflammation induced by silica. Toxicology 2017; 393:34-41. [PMID: 29102675 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2017.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2017] [Revised: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 11/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Millions of workers are exposed to dust containing silica. Chronic and over-exposure to silica will lead to silicosis, which is an irreversible and sometimes fatal lung disease. The disordered physiological processes of silicosis consist of accumulation of silica particles in the alveoli of the lung. Then, the ingestion of the silica particles by macrophages was followed by an inflammatory response. Up till now, the chest radiographs remain the key tool in diagnosing and assessing the extent of silicosis. However, concerns exist regarding the sensitivity and specificity of the technique. Therefore, there is still a need to develop a biomarker for silicosis for early detection of silicosis. METHOD In this study, RNA-Seq was applied to detect the gene expression changes when silica was exposed to macrophages at different time intervals. RNA-Seq provides a broader dynamic range, increased specificity and sensitivity, and easier detection of rare and low-abundance transcripts. Bioinformatics tools such as the Database for Annotation, Visualization and Integrated Discovery (DAVID) and Gene Functional Classification Tool and Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes (STRING) were applied for data analysis. Quantitative PCR was used to validate the results. RESULTS Our results showed that regulation of transcription factors was the dominant activated pathway in early exposure of silica to macrophages, followed by inflammatory responses which were the main mechanisms in silicosis. One of the findings was the upregulation of activating transcription factor 3 (ATF3) during silica exposure. When ATF3 expression was inhibited by siRNA, the production of cytokines IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF was further increased. CONCLUSION This indicated that ATF3 may be a potential early diagnostic biomarker for silicosis and ATF3 acts as a repressor in inflammatory responses induced by silica.
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Abstract
Mitochondria play a key role in ATP generation, redox homeostasis and regulation of apoptosis. Due to the essential role of mitochondria in metabolism and cell survival, targeting mitochondria in cancer cells is considered as an attractive therapeutic strategy. However, metabolic flexibility in cancer cells may enable the upregulation of compensatory pathways, such as glycolysis to support cancer cell survival when mitochondrial metabolism is inhibited. Thus, compounds capable of both targeting mitochondria and inhibiting glycolysis may be particularly useful to overcome such drug-resistant mechanism. This review provides an update on recent development in the field of targeting mitochondria and novel compounds that impact mitochondria, glycolysis or both. Key challenges in this research area and potential solutions are also discussed.
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