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Ge S, Khachemoune A. Neuroanatomy of the Cutaneous Nervous System Regarding Wound Healing. INT J LOW EXTR WOUND 2024; 23:191-204. [PMID: 34779294 DOI: 10.1177/15347346211054598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Wound healing is an important topic in modern medicine across many disciplines. Healing of all cutaneous wounds, whether accidentally sustained or intentionally created, requires the common yet complex set of interactions between the immune, circulatory, nervous, endocrine, and integumentary systems. Deficits in any of these systems or the molecular factors that mediate their communications can contribute to impaired healing of cutaneous wounds. While the stages of wound repair, angiogenesis, growth factors, and cytokines involved have been extensively studied, the role of the cutaneous nervous system in wound healing has not been well outlined. We have provided a basic overview of cutaneous innervation and wound repair for the dermatologic surgeon by outlining the normal cutaneous nervous anatomy and function and discussing the most important neuropeptides that mediate the wound healing process.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Amor Khachemoune
- Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA
- SUNY Downstate, Brooklyn, NY USA
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Ma B, Xu M, Yang L, Huang X, Wang P, Ji Y, Ma K. Effect of intramuscular diazepam infusion on herpes zoster-related pain in older patients: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. BMC Anesthesiol 2024; 24:193. [PMID: 38811866 PMCID: PMC11134619 DOI: 10.1186/s12871-024-02576-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study evaluated the effectiveness, psychological effects, and sleep quality using intramuscular diazepam infusion compared with placebo in patients with herpes zoster (HZ)-related pain. METHODS The patients were randomized to either the diazepam or control group. The diazepam group received an intramuscular injection of diazepam for 3 consecutive days, while the control group received an intramuscular injection of 0.9% normal saline. The primary outcome was pain relief on posttreatment day 4, as measured using the Visual Analog Scale (VAS). Moreover, anxiety and depression were evaluated using the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD7) and Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ9), respectively. Sleep quality was assessed using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). RESULTS In total, 78 patients were enrolled in the trial. The mean differences in VAS scores between the two groups were 0.62 (P = 0.049) on posttreatment day 3 and 0.66 (P = 0.037) on posttreatment day 4. The effective rates of pain management in the diazepam group ranged from 10.26 to 66.67%, which were higher than those in the control group on posttreatment days 3 and 4 (P < 0.05). The mean difference in PSQI scores between the diazepam and control groups was 1.36 (P = 0.034) on posttreatment day 7. No differences were found in the incidence of analgesia-adverse 1reactions between the diazepam and placebo groups. CONCLUSIONS The intramuscular injection of diazepam for 3 consecutive days provides effective pain management and improves the quality of life. Our study suggests that diazepam is more effective than the placebo in patients with HZ-related pain. TRIAL REGISTRATION The study was prospectively registered at https://www.isrctn.com/trialist(Registration date: 24/01/2018; Trial ID: ISRCTN12682696).
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingjie Ma
- Department of Pain management, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Meiling Xu
- Department of Pain management, The Fifth People's Hospital of Qinghai Province, Xining city, 810007, Qinghai province, China
| | - Lu Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai JiaoTong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200235, China
| | - Xuehua Huang
- Department of Pain management, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Peiliang Wang
- Department of Pain management, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Yun Ji
- Department of Pain management, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Ke Ma
- Department of Pain management, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China.
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Marchesi N, Fahmideh F, Pascale A, Allegri M, Govoni S. Neuropathic Pain in Aged People: An Unresolved Issue Open to Novel Drug Approaches, Focusing on Painful Diabetic Neuropathy. Curr Neuropharmacol 2024; 22:53-64. [PMID: 37550909 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x21666230807103642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023] Open
Abstract
A majority of older patients suffer from neuropathic pain (NP) that significantly alters their daily activities and imposes a significant burden on health care. Multiple comorbidities and the risk of polypharmacy in the elderly make it challenging to determine the appropriate drug, dosage, and maintenance of therapy. Age-dependent processes play a contributing role in neuropathy given that diabetic neuropathy (DN) is the most common form of neuropathy. This narrative review is mainly focused on the drug treatment approach for neuropathy-associated pain in aged people including both drugs and dietary supplements, considering the latter as add-on mechanism-based treatments to increase the effectiveness of usual treatments by implementing their activity or activating other analgesic pathways. On one hand, the limited clinical studies assessing the effectiveness and the adverse effects of existing pain management options in this age segment of the population (> 65), on the other hand, the expanding global demographics of the elderly contribute to building up an unresolved pain management problem that needs the attention of healthcare providers, researchers, and health authorities as well as the expansion of the current therapeutic options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicoletta Marchesi
- Department of Drug Sciences, Section of Pharmacology, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Foroogh Fahmideh
- Department of Drug Sciences, Section of Pharmacology, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Alessia Pascale
- Department of Drug Sciences, Section of Pharmacology, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Massimo Allegri
- Ensemble Hospitalier de la Cote - Centre Lemanique d'antalgie et Neuromodulation, Morges, Switzerland
| | - Stefano Govoni
- Department of Drug Sciences, Section of Pharmacology, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
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Tang J, Zhang Y, Liu C, Zeng A, Song L. Therapeutic Strategies for Postherpetic Neuralgia: Mechanisms, Treatments, and Perspectives. Curr Pain Headache Rep 2023; 27:307-319. [PMID: 37493871 DOI: 10.1007/s11916-023-01146-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Postherpetic neuralgia is an annoying pain that mainly affects older people. In order to give patients more options, this review summarizes the pharmacological and interventional treatments for postherpetic neuralgia and updates the research on the efficacy, thereby providing doctors with more treatment options. The adverse effects and effective doses of its various treatments are also presented so that the therapy can be prescribed according to their concrete physical conditions. In a word, this review is dedicated to providing a comprehensive overview of the treatment options for postherpetic neuralgia and offering patients more choices. RECENT FINDINGS Combinational therapy is more excellent than monotherapy. The local anesthesia and gabapentin comprised outstanding compatibility. In addition, two therapeutic tools for PHN patients, especially for the intractable ones, electroacupuncture (EA), and osteopathic manipulative treatment (OMT), show their efficacy and become potential options to alleviate pain. In terms of treatment, guidelines recommend patients use tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs), gabapentin, pregabalin, and 5% lidocaine patches as the first-line medications, and gabapentin is investigated most, especially the gabapentin enacarbil (GEn). And drug efficacy can be limited by adverse effects and tolerated doses. Interventional treatments, with their invasiveness and operational difficulty, are usually considered for intractable patients. Combinational therapies may be used when a single therapy cannot achieve the desired effect. Therapies such as OMT and EA have also been proposed to palliate pain in some cases, and future directions of treatment may be investigated in Chinese medicine and acupuncture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayu Tang
- School of Medical and Life Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611137, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunchao Zhang
- School of Medical and Life Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611137, People's Republic of China
| | - Chenxin Liu
- School of Medical and Life Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611137, People's Republic of China
| | - Anqi Zeng
- Institute of Translational Pharmacology and Clinical Application, Sichuan Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, People's Republic of China.
| | - Linjiang Song
- School of Medical and Life Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611137, People's Republic of China.
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Adetunji TL, Olawale F, Olisah C, Adetunji AE, Aremu AO. Capsaicin: A Two-Decade Systematic Review of Global Research Output and Recent Advances Against Human Cancer. Front Oncol 2022; 12:908487. [PMID: 35912207 PMCID: PMC9326111 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.908487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Capsaicin (8-methyl-N-vanillyl-6-nonenamide) is one of the most important natural products in the genus Capsicum. Due to its numerous biological effects, there has been extensive and increasing research interest in capsaicin, resulting in increased scientific publications in recent years. Therefore, an in-depth bibliometric analysis of published literature on capsaicin from 2001 to 2021 was performed to assess the global research status, thematic and emerging areas, and potential insights into future research. Furthermore, recent research advances of capsaicin and its combination therapy on human cancer as well as their potential mechanisms of action were described. In the last two decades, research outputs on capsaicin have increased by an estimated 18% per year and were dominated by research articles at 93% of the 3753 assessed literature. In addition, anti-cancer/pharmacokinetics, cytotoxicity, in vivo neurological and pain research studies were the keyword clusters generated and designated as thematic domains for capsaicin research. It was evident that the United States, China, and Japan accounted for about 42% of 3753 publications that met the inclusion criteria. Also, visibly dominant collaboration nodes and networks with most of the other identified countries were established. Assessment of the eligible literature revealed that the potential of capsaicin for mitigating cancer mainly entailed its chemo-preventive effects, which were often linked to its ability to exert multi-biological effects such as anti-mutagenic, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. However, clinical studies were limited, which may be related to some of the inherent challenges associated with capsaicin in the limited clinical trials. This review presents a novel approach to visualizing information about capsaicin research and a comprehensive perspective on the therapeutic significance and applications of capsaicin in the treatment of human cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomi Lois Adetunji
- Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Femi Olawale
- Nano-Gene and Drug Delivery Group, Discipline of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, College of Agriculture, Engineering and Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Chijioke Olisah
- Department of Botany and Institute for Coastal and Marine Research, Nelson Mandela University, Port Elizabeth, South Africa
| | | | - Adeyemi Oladapo Aremu
- Indigenous Knowledge Systems Centre, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North-West University, Mmabatho, South Africa
- School of Life Sciences, College of Agriculture, Engineering and Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
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de Moura E Silva VEL, Cholewa JM, Jäger R, Zanchi NE, de Freitas MC, de Moura RC, Barros EML, Antunes BM, Caperuto EC, Ribeiro SLG, Lira FS, Pereira Dos Santos MA, Rossi FE. Chronic capsiate supplementation increases fat-free mass and upper body strength but not the inflammatory response to resistance exercise in young untrained men: a randomized, placebo-controlled and double-blind study. J Int Soc Sports Nutr 2021; 18:50. [PMID: 34154603 PMCID: PMC8218493 DOI: 10.1186/s12970-021-00446-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute capsaicinoid and capsinoid supplementation has endurance and resistance exercise benefits; however, if these short-term performance benefits translate into chronic benefits when combined with resistance training is currently unknown. This study investigated changes of chronic Capsiate supplementation on muscular adaptations, inflammatory response and performance in untrained men. METHODS Twenty untrained men were randomized to ingest 12 mg Capsiate (CAP) or placebo in a parallel, double-blind design. Body composition and performance were measured at pre-training and after 6 weeks of resistance training. An acute resistance exercise session test was performed pre and post-intervention. Blood samples were collected at rest and post-resistance exercise to analyze Tumor necrosis factor- (TNF-), Soluble TNF- receptor (sTNF-r), Interleukin-6 (IL-6) and Interleukin-10 (IL-10). RESULTS Exercise and CAP supplementation increased fat-free mass in comparison to baseline by 1.5 kg (P < 0.001), however, the majority of the increase (1.0 kg) resulted from an increase in total body water. The CAP change scores for fat-free mass were significantly greater in comparison to the placebo (CAP ∆%= 2.1 ± 1.8 %, PLA ∆%= 0.7 ± 1.3 %, P = 0.043) and there was a significant difference between groups in the bench press exercise (P = 0.034) with greater upper body strength change score for CAP (∆%= 13.4 ± 9.1 %) compared to placebo (∆%= 5.8 ± 5.2 %), P = 0.041. CAP had no effect on lower body strength and no supplementation interactions were observed for all cytokines in response to acute resistance exercise (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION Chronic Capsiate supplementation combined with resistance training during short period (6 weeks) increased fat-free mass and upper body strength but not inflammatory response and performance in young untrained men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vilton Emanoel Lopes de Moura E Silva
- Immunometabolism of Skeletal Muscle and Exercise Research Group, Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Piauí (UFPI), "Ministro Petrônio Portella" Campus, PI, 64049-550, Teresina, Brazil
| | - Jason Michael Cholewa
- Department of Exercise Physiology, University of Lynchburg, Lynchburg, VA, United States
| | - Ralf Jäger
- Increnovo LLC, 2138 E Lafayette Pl, 53202, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Nelo Eidy Zanchi
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology of Skeletal Muscle (LABCEMME), Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís, Brazil
| | | | - Rayane Carvalho de Moura
- Immunometabolism of Skeletal Muscle and Exercise Research Group, Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Piauí (UFPI), "Ministro Petrônio Portella" Campus, PI, 64049-550, Teresina, Brazil
| | - Esmeralda Maria Lustosa Barros
- Department of Biophysics and Physiology, Federal University of Piaui, Campus Minister Petrônio Portela, Ininga, Teresina, Piaui, Brazil
| | - Barbara Moura Antunes
- Exercise and Immunometabolism Research Group, Department of Physical Education, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Presidente Prudente, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Sergio Luiz Galan Ribeiro
- Immunometabolism of Skeletal Muscle and Exercise Research Group, Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Piauí (UFPI), "Ministro Petrônio Portella" Campus, PI, 64049-550, Teresina, Brazil
| | - Fabio Santos Lira
- Exercise and Immunometabolism Research Group, Department of Physical Education, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Presidente Prudente, SP, Brazil
| | - Marcos Antônio Pereira Dos Santos
- Department of Biophysics and Physiology, Federal University of Piaui, Campus Minister Petrônio Portela, Ininga, Teresina, Piaui, Brazil
| | - Fabrício Eduardo Rossi
- Immunometabolism of Skeletal Muscle and Exercise Research Group, Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Piauí (UFPI), "Ministro Petrônio Portella" Campus, PI, 64049-550, Teresina, Brazil. .,Associate Professor at Graduation Program in Science and Health, Federal University of Piaui (UFPI), Teresina-PI, Brazil.
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Bagood MD, Isseroff RR. TRPV1: Role in Skin and Skin Diseases and Potential Target for Improving Wound Healing. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22116135. [PMID: 34200205 PMCID: PMC8201146 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22116135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Skin is innervated by a multitude of sensory nerves that are important to the function of this barrier tissue in homeostasis and injury. The role of innervation and neuromediators has been previously reviewed so here we focus on the role of the transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily V member 1 (TRPV1) in wound healing, with the intent of targeting it in treatment of non-healing wounds. TRPV1 structure and function as well as the outcomes of TRPV1-targeted therapies utilized in several diseases and tissues are summarized. In skin, keratinocytes, sebocytes, nociceptors, and several immune cells express TRPV1, making it an attractive focus area for treating wounds. Many intrinsic and extrinsic factors confound the function and targeting of TRPV1 and may lead to adverse or off-target effects. Therefore, a better understanding of what is known about the role of TRPV1 in skin and wound healing will inform future therapies to treat impaired and chronic wounds to improve healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle D. Bagood
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, UC Davis, Sacramento, CA 95816, USA;
| | - R. Rivkah Isseroff
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, UC Davis, Sacramento, CA 95816, USA;
- Dermatology Section, VA Northern California Health Care System, Mather, CA 95655, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-(916)-551-2606
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Dombe S, Shirote P. Nanosponges Encapsulated Phytochemicals for Targeting Cancer: A Review. Curr Drug Targets 2021; 22:443-462. [PMID: 33045959 DOI: 10.2174/1389450121999201012201455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 08/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is the most ruinous disease globally. Natural products have impressive characteristics, such as exceptional chemical versatility, chemical and biological properties of macromolecular specificity and less toxicity which make them good leads in finding novel drugs. The phytochemicals not only help to prevent but also treat chronic cancerous conditions. The present review attempts to put forth some selected anticancer phytochemicals that had reported omics characteristic and specifically suppressed cancer with in vitro and in vivo activity. Certain issues pertaining to anticancer phytochemicals like delivery to target site in the body and achieving controlled release in order to prevent overdoses have been a major concern for medical researchers worldwide. The most conventional chemotherapy protocols for the treatment of cancer lead to adverse effects that limit biological efficacy and compromise patient outcomes. In order to defeat incompetency of current and upcoming natural anticancer agents and to attain targeted drug delivery with good efficacy and fewer side effects, there is a special focus on novel nanostructured particles and nano approaches consisting of carrier system. Recent studies have led to the discovery of mesoporous and nanoporous drug delivery mechanisms, such as inorganic or organic-based nanosponges. The metal based inorganic systems have exhibited toxicity and non-biodegradable character in vivo. As a result of problems related to inorganic systems, major shift of research from inorganic to organic nanosystems has occurred. About decades ago, researchers developed organic nanosponges to control the limitation of drug delivery and cancer therapies. This review article discusses the development and application of nanosponges encapsulated phytochemicals for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shailaja Dombe
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Arvind Gavali College of Pharmacy, Satara, Shivaji University, Satara-415004, India
| | - Pramodkumar Shirote
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Arvind Gavali College of Pharmacy, Satara, Shivaji University, Satara- 415004, India
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Transient Receptor Potential (TRP) Ion Channels in Orofacial Pain. Mol Neurobiol 2021; 58:2836-2850. [PMID: 33515176 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-021-02284-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Orofacial pain, including temporomandibular joint disorders pain, trigeminal neuralgia, dental pain, and debilitating headaches, affects millions of Americans each year with significant population health impact. Despite the existence of a large body of information on the subject, the molecular underpinnings of orofacial pain remain elusive. Two decades of research has identified that transient receptor potential (TRP) ion channels play a crucial role in pathological pain. A number of TRP ion channels are clearly expressed in the trigeminal sensory system and have critical functions in the transduction and pathogenesis of orofacial pain. Although there are many similarities, the orofacial sensory system shows some distinct peripheral and central pain processing and different sensitivities from the spinal sensory system. Relative to the extensive review on TRPs in spinally-mediated pain, the summary of TRPs in trigeminally-mediated pain has not been well-documented. This review focuses on the current experimental evidence involving TRP ion channels, particularly TRPV1, TRPA1, TRPV4, and TRPM8 in orofacial pain, and discusses their possible cellular and molecular mechanisms.
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Wang Z, Sun Y, Liu B, Fan Z, Tian J, Lu T. External therapy of Chinese medicine for postherpetic neuralgia: A protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2020; 99:e23270. [PMID: 33327248 PMCID: PMC7738126 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000023270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Postherpetic neuralgia (PHN), the most common complication of herpes zoster, brings about a health-care burden at both the individual and societal levels. External therapy of Chinese medicine (ETCM) is an effective treatment of PHN generally available in China, yet there is incomplete evidence to evaluate the efficacy and safety of it. METHODS This protocol is based on the previous reporting items. We will search 3 English databases (PubMed, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library) and 3 Chinese databases (CNKI, CBM, and Wan Fang Database) until January 2020. RCTs to evaluate the efficacy and safety of external therapy of Chinese medicine for postherpetic neuralgia will be included. The primary outcome will be assessed by VAS or NRS. We will use the criteria provided by Cochrane Handbook 5.3.0 for quality evaluation and risk assessment, and use the Revman 5.3 software for meta-analysis. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION Ethical approval is not required for systematic review and meta- analysis. The results of this review will be disseminated in a peer-review journal. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER CRD42020163511.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheyi Wang
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine
- School of Life Science
- Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine
| | - Yize Sun
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine
| | | | - Zhu Fan
- Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jinzhou Tian
- Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine
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Novel Agents in Neuropathic Pain, the Role of Capsaicin: Pharmacology, Efficacy, Side Effects, Different Preparations. Curr Pain Headache Rep 2020; 24:53. [PMID: 32761268 DOI: 10.1007/s11916-020-00886-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Capsaicin is a natural substance used to treat neuropathic pain because of its ability to be used in a more direct form on patients and efficiently treat their pain without the amount of side effects seen in the use of oral medications. RECENT FINDINGS Currently, the treatments for neuropathic pain are, control of the underlying disease process, then focused on symptomatic relief with pharmacotherapy, topical analgesics, or other interventions. When all pharmacological agents fail to relieve the pain, interventional strategies can be considered, such as neural blocks, spinal cord stimulation, and intrathecal administered medications. The response to current treatment of neuropathic pain is only modest relief of symptoms. Multiple treatment options may be attempted, while ultimately leaving patients with refractory neuropathic pain. For these reasons, a better treatment approach to neuropathic pain is greatly needed. Overall, capsaicin has great potential for becoming a first- or second-line treatment for neuropathic pain, and for becoming a therapeutic option for many other neuropathic pain-related disease states.
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Tang K, Zhang X, Guo Y. Identification of the dietary supplement capsaicin as an inhibitor of Lassa virus entry. Acta Pharm Sin B 2020; 10:789-798. [PMID: 32528827 PMCID: PMC7276894 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2020.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Revised: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The limited treatment options for the increasing occurrence of Lassa hemorrhagic fever in West Africa poses an urgent need for the discovery and development of novel therapeutics. Dietary supplements, especially natural products that are edible and safe for human use, are a good source of drug discovery with potential for uncovering novel applications. In this study, we tested 40 natural products of dietary supplements and identified capsaicin, a common dietary supplement abundant in chili peppers, as an inhibitor of Lassa virus (LASV) entry with EC50 of 6.9-10.0 μmol/L using an HIV based pseudovirus platform. Capsaicin inhibits the entry of five LASV strains but not against the Old World arenavirus lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV), showing a preferential activity against LASV. Capsaicin inhibits LASV entry by blocking the pH dependent viral fusion through affecting the stable signal peptide (SSP)-GP2 transmembrane (GP2TM) region of the LASV surface glycoprotein. Mutational study revealed the key residues Ala25, Val431, Phe434 and Val435 in SSP-GP2TM region in capsaicin's antiviral effect. This study for the first time reveals a direct acting antiviral effect of capsaicin against the hemorrhagic fever causing LASV, providing detailed interaction hot spots in the unique SSP-GP2TM interface of LASV glycoprotein that is crucial in fusion inhibition, and offering a new strategy in discovering and developing antivirals from natural products that are safe for human use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Xiaoyu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Ying Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
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13
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Post Herpetic Neuralgia: Recent Advancements. CURRENT EMERGENCY AND HOSPITAL MEDICINE REPORTS 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s40138-020-00212-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Ilie MA, Caruntu C, Tampa M, Georgescu SR, Matei C, Negrei C, Ion RM, Constantin C, Neagu M, Boda D. Capsaicin: Physicochemical properties, cutaneous reactions and potential applications in painful and inflammatory conditions. Exp Ther Med 2019; 18:916-925. [PMID: 31384324 PMCID: PMC6639979 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2019.7513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 09/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Capsaicin is a natural protoalkaloid recognized as the main pungent component in hot peppers (Capsicum annuum L.). The capsaicin receptor is highly expressed in the unmyelinated type C nerve fibers originating from small diameter sensory neurons in dorsal root ganglia and cranial nerve ganglia correspondents. Capsaicin and related vanilloids have a variety of effects on primary sensory neurons function, from sensory neuron excitation characterized by local burning sensation and neurogenic inflammation, followed by conduction blockage accompanied by reversible ultrastructural changes of peripheral nociceptive endings (desensitization), going as far as irreversible degenerative changes (neurotoxicity). The main role in capsaicin-induced neurogenic inflammation relies on the capsaicin sensitive, small diameter primary sensory neurons, therefore its evaluation could be used as a diagnostic instrument in functional alterations of cutaneous sensory nerve fibers. Moreover, capsaicin-induced desensitization and neurotoxicity explain the analgesic/anti-nociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects of topical capsaicin and its potential use in the management of painful and inflammatory conditions. In this study, we describe the effects of capsaicin on neurogenic inflammation and nociception, as well as its potential diagnostic value and therapeutic impact in various conditions involving impairment of sensory nerve fibers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mihaela Adriana Ilie
- Dermatology Research Laboratory, ‘Carol Davila’ University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest 020021, Romania
- Department of Biochemistry, ‘Carol Davila’ University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest 020021, Romania
| | - Constantin Caruntu
- Department of Physiology, ‘Carol Davila’ University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest 020021, Romania
- Department of Dermatology, ‘Prof. N.C. Paulescu’ National Institute of Diabetes, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, Bucharest 020475, Romania
| | - Mircea Tampa
- Department of Dermatology, ‘Carol Davila’ University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest 020021, Romania
| | - Simona-Roxana Georgescu
- Department of Dermatology, ‘Carol Davila’ University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest 020021, Romania
| | - Clara Matei
- Department of Dermatology, ‘Carol Davila’ University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest 020021, Romania
| | - Carolina Negrei
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, ‘Carol Davila’ University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest 020956, Romania
| | - Rodica-Mariana Ion
- The National Institute for Research and Development in Chemistry and Petrochemistry - ICECHIM, Bucharest 060021, Romania
| | - Carolina Constantin
- Department of Immunology, ‘Victor Babes’ National Institute of Pathology, Bucharest 050096, Romania
- Department of Pathology, Colentina Clinical Hospital, 020125 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Monica Neagu
- Department of Immunology, ‘Victor Babes’ National Institute of Pathology, Bucharest 050096, Romania
- Department of Pathology, Colentina Clinical Hospital, 020125 Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, Bucharest 020125, Romania
| | - Daniel Boda
- Dermatology Research Laboratory, ‘Carol Davila’ University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest 020021, Romania
- Department of Dermatology, ‘Prof. N.C. Paulescu’ National Institute of Diabetes, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, Bucharest 020475, Romania
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15
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Zahn R, Perry N, Perry E, Mukaetova-Ladinska EB. Use of herbal medicines: Pilot survey of UK users' views. Complement Ther Med 2019; 44:83-90. [PMID: 31126579 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctim.2019.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Revised: 02/07/2019] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing sales of medicinal plants as supplements or health foods continue to indicate widespread self-medication. We conducted a survey on users' views on obtaining information on herbal medicines and their experiences and opinions about their use. Responses over one-year period (01.08.2015-31.07.2016) were analysed. 157 participants took part (87% aged 45-64y, and 13% >65y). 80% participants used medicinal plants for multiple health benefits [i.e. health protection (74%), disease prevention (38%) and treatment (49%]). 95% believed in the medicinal powers of plants. Information regarding use of medicinal plants was predominantly based on books (57%), the internet (53%), friends, colleagues or neighbours (51%) and health practitioners (42%). 51% of participants felt herbs were safe (51%) with less side effects (55%) than pharmaceutical medicines. 24% of medicinal plant users informed their medical doctor, with majority of informed medical professional (47%) accepting the use of medicinal plants. This pilot survey provides new and valuable information for use in designing future more comprehensive surveys to provide essential information about the use of herbal medicines by the general population and health care providers' attitudes in the UK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rumana Zahn
- Clinic Naturae, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 1SG, United Kingdom
| | | | - Elaine Perry
- Dilston Physic Garden, Corbridge NE45 5QZ, United Kingdom; Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Newcastle NE4 5PL, United Kingdom
| | - Elizabeta B Mukaetova-Ladinska
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology and Behaviour,University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, United Kingdom; The Evington Centre, Leicestershire Partnership Trust, Leicester General Hospital, Gwendolen Rd, Leicester LE5 4QG, United Kingdom.
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16
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Salehi B, Hernández-Álvarez AJ, del Mar Contreras M, Martorell M, Ramírez-Alarcón K, Melgar-Lalanne G, Matthews KR, Sharifi-Rad M, Setzer WN, Nadeem M, Yousaf Z, Sharifi-Rad J. Potential Phytopharmacy and Food Applications of Capsicum spp.: A Comprehensive Review. Nat Prod Commun 2018. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x1801301133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Capsicum genus (Solanaceae) is native to the Americas. Today, it is an important agricultural crop cultivated around the world, not only due to its economic importance, but also for the nutritional value of the fruits. Among their phytochemical constituents, capsaicinoids are characteristic and responsible of the pungency of sharp-tasting cultivars. Moreover, Capsicum and capsaicinoids (mainly, capsaicin) have been largely studied because of their health benefits. Thus, this study reviews the scientific knowledge about Capsicum spp. and their phytochemicals against cancer, diabetes, gastrointestinal diseases, pain, and metabolic syndrome, as well as their antioxidant and antimicrobial activity. These bioactivities can be the basis of the formulation of functional ingredients and natural preservatives containing Capsicum extracts or isolated compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bahare Salehi
- Medical Ethics and Law Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alan Javier Hernández-Álvarez
- Food Research and Development Center, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 3600 Casavant West, St. Hyacinthe, Quebec, Canada J2S 8E3
| | - María del Mar Contreras
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Química Fina y Nanoquímica IUIQFN, Universidad de Córdoba, Campus de Rabanales, Edificio Marie Curie, E-14071 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Miquel Martorell
- Nutrition and Dietetics Department, School of Pharmacy, University of Concepción, 4070386 Concepción, VIII – Bio Bio Region, Chile
| | - Karina Ramírez-Alarcón
- Nutrition and Dietetics Department, School of Pharmacy, University of Concepción, 4070386 Concepción, VIII – Bio Bio Region, Chile
| | - Guiomar Melgar-Lalanne
- Instituto de Ciencias Básicas. Universidad Veracruzana. Av. Dr. Luis Castelazo Ayala s/n. Col Industrial Ánimas, 91192. Xalapa, Veracruz, Mexico
| | - Karl R. Matthews
- Department of Food Science, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, New Jersey, USA
| | - Mehdi Sharifi-Rad
- Department of Medical Parasitology, Zabol University of Medical Sciences, Zabol 61663-335, Iran
| | - William N. Setzer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alabama in Huntsville, Huntsville, AL 35899, USA
| | - Muhammad Nadeem
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Vehari-Pakistan
| | - Zubaida Yousaf
- Department of Botany, Lahore College for Women University, Jail Road Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Javad Sharifi-Rad
- Phytochemistry Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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17
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Multi-Spectroscopic and Theoretical Analysis on the Interaction between Human Serum Albumin and a Capsaicin Derivative-RPF101. Biomolecules 2018; 8:biom8030078. [PMID: 30142945 PMCID: PMC6164054 DOI: 10.3390/biom8030078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2018] [Revised: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 08/16/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The interaction between the main carrier of endogenous and exogenous compounds in the human bloodstream (human serum albumin, HSA) and a potential anticancer compound (the capsaicin analogue RPF101) was investigated by spectroscopic techniques (circular dichroism, steady-state, time-resolved, and synchronous fluorescence), zeta potential, and computational method (molecular docking). Steady-state and time-resolved fluorescence experiments indicated an association in the ground state between HSA:RPF101. The interaction is moderate, spontaneous (ΔG° < 0), and entropically driven (ΔS° = 0.573 ± 0.069 kJ/molK). This association does not perturb significantly the potential surface of the protein, as well as the secondary structure of the albumin and the microenvironment around tyrosine and tryptophan residues. Competitive binding studies indicated Sudlow’s site I as the main protein pocket and molecular docking results suggested hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic interactions as the main binding forces.
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18
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Neuropathic pain (NP) is a particularly severe and intractable chronic condition that is not well treated by commonly recommended systemic pharmacological therapies, partly due to dose-limiting side effects or adverse events. The use of topical therapeutics for NP is growing and benefits from the reduced potential for adverse effects, as well as the ability to directly target peripheral pathological processes. AREAS COVERED The current review defines and describes the limitations of various commonly prescribed systemic pharmacological therapies for NP. It also provides a justification for increased research aimed at developing topical therapeutics for NP, particularly localized and peripheral NP. The review discusses the various classes of topical treatments used for NP, including agents that: block sensory inputs; activate inhibitory systems; provide mechanism-based therapeutics; are used in mucosal tissues; and include combinations that produce multimodal therapeutic effects. EXPERT OPINION There are arguments that the current topical therapeutics for NP rely too heavily on the use of local anesthetics and capsaicinoids, and more research is certainly needed on topical therapies that are multimodal and/or are targeted at the peripheral sources of pathology. The potential for novel topical therapeutics may be enhanced by further research on topical co-drugs, drug-drug salts, co-crystals and hydrates, and ionic liquids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terence J Coderre
- a Depts. of Anesthesia, Neurology & Neurosurgery, and Psychology, and Division of Experimental Medicine , McGill University , Montreal , QC , Canada.,b McGill University Health Centre Research Institute , Montreal , QC , Canada
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19
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Ma DSL, Tan LTH, Chan KG, Yap WH, Pusparajah P, Chuah LH, Ming LC, Khan TM, Lee LH, Goh BH. Resveratrol-Potential Antibacterial Agent against Foodborne Pathogens. Front Pharmacol 2018. [PMID: 29515440 PMCID: PMC5826062 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial foodborne pathogens are a significant health burden and the recent emergence of pathogenic resistant strains due to the excessive use of antibiotics makes it more difficult to effectively treat infections as a result of contaminated food. Awareness of this impending health crisis has spurred the search for alternative antimicrobials with natural plant antimicrobials being among the more promising candidates as these substances have good acceptability and likely low toxicity levels as they have long been used in traditional medicines. Resveratrol (3,5,4′-trihydroxystilbene) is a naturally occurring stilbenoid which has been gaining considerable attention in medical field due to its diverse biological activities - it has been reported to exhibit antioxidant, cardioprotective, anti-diabetic, anticancer, and antiaging properties. Given that resveratrol is phytoalexin, with increased synthesis in response to infection by phytopathogens, there has been interest in exploring its antimicrobial activity. This review aims to provide an overview of the published data on the antibacterial activity of resveratrol against foodborne pathogens, its mechanisms of action as well as its possible applications in food packing and processing; in addition we also summarize the current data on its potential synergism with known antibacterials and future research and applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dexter S L Ma
- Biofunctional Molecule Exploratory Research Group, School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Malaysia.,Novel Bacteria and Drug Discovery Research Group, School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Malaysia
| | - Loh Teng-Hern Tan
- Biofunctional Molecule Exploratory Research Group, School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Malaysia.,Novel Bacteria and Drug Discovery Research Group, School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Malaysia.,Biomedical Research Laboratory, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Subang Jaya, Malaysia
| | - Kok-Gan Chan
- International Genome Centre, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China.,Division of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Wei Hsum Yap
- School of Biosciences, Taylor's University, Subang Jaya, Malaysia
| | - Priyia Pusparajah
- Biomedical Research Laboratory, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Subang Jaya, Malaysia
| | - Lay-Hong Chuah
- Biofunctional Molecule Exploratory Research Group, School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Malaysia.,Novel Bacteria and Drug Discovery Research Group, School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Malaysia.,Advanced Engineering Platform, Monash University Malaysia, Subang Jaya, Malaysia
| | - Long Chiau Ming
- Division of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia.,School of Pharmacy, KPJ Healthcare University College, Nilai, Malaysia
| | - Tahir Mehmood Khan
- Biofunctional Molecule Exploratory Research Group, School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Malaysia.,Novel Bacteria and Drug Discovery Research Group, School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Malaysia.,Asian Centre for Evidence Synthesis in Population, Implementation and Clinical Outcomes, Health and Well-Being Cluster, Global Asia in the 21st Century Platform, Monash University Malaysia, Subang Jaya, Malaysia.,The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Learn-Han Lee
- Biofunctional Molecule Exploratory Research Group, School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Malaysia.,Novel Bacteria and Drug Discovery Research Group, School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Malaysia.,Asian Centre for Evidence Synthesis in Population, Implementation and Clinical Outcomes, Health and Well-Being Cluster, Global Asia in the 21st Century Platform, Monash University Malaysia, Subang Jaya, Malaysia.,Center of Health Outcomes Research and Therapeutic Safety, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Phayao, Phayao, Thailand
| | - Bey-Hing Goh
- Biofunctional Molecule Exploratory Research Group, School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Malaysia.,Novel Bacteria and Drug Discovery Research Group, School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Malaysia.,Asian Centre for Evidence Synthesis in Population, Implementation and Clinical Outcomes, Health and Well-Being Cluster, Global Asia in the 21st Century Platform, Monash University Malaysia, Subang Jaya, Malaysia.,Center of Health Outcomes Research and Therapeutic Safety, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Phayao, Phayao, Thailand
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20
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Iqbal J, Abbasi BA, Mahmood T, Kanwal S, Ali B, Shah SA, Khalil AT. Plant-derived anticancer agents: A green anticancer approach. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apjtb.2017.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
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21
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Ahmad Hamdi AH, Dali AF, Mat Nuri TH, Saleh MS, Ajmi NN, Neoh CF, Ming LC, Abdullah AH, Khan TM. Safety and Effectiveness of Bivalirudin in Patients Undergoing Percutaneous Coronary Intervention: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Front Pharmacol 2017; 8:410. [PMID: 28744215 PMCID: PMC5504279 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2017] [Accepted: 06/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent clinical trials have shown that while bivalirudin exhibits similar efficacy with heparin, it offers several advantages over heparin, such as a better safety profile. We aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of bivalirudin use during Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (PCI) in the treatment of angina and acute coronary syndrome (ACS). We searched the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) in the Cochrane Library, PubMed, EMBASE, and Science Direct from January 1980 to January 2016. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing bivalirudin to heparin during the course of PCI in patients with angina or ACS were included. Outcome measures included all-cause mortality, myocardial infarction, revascularisation, stent thrombosis, stroke, and major bleeding. The selection, quality assessment, and data extraction of the included trials were done independently by four authors, and disagreements were resolved by consensus. Pooled relative risk (RR) estimates and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated. A total of 12 RCTs involving 44,088 subjects were included. Bivalirudin appeared to be non-superior compared to heparin in reducing all-cause mortality, myocardial infarction, revascularisation, and stroke. Bivalirudin appeared to be related to a higher risk of stent thrombosis when compared to heparin plus provisional use of a glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitor (GPI) at day 30 (RR 1.94 [1.16, 3.24] p < 0.01). Overall, bivalirudin-based regimens present a lesser risk of major bleeding (RR 0.56 [0.44–0.71] p < 0.001), and Thrombolysis In Myocardial Infarction (TIMI) major bleeding (RR 0.56 [0.43–0.73]) compared with heparin-based regimens either with provisional or routine use of a GPI. However, the magnitude of TIMI major bleeding effect varied greatly (p < 0.001), depending on whether a GPI was provisionally used (RR 0.42 [0.34–0.52] p < 0.001) or routinely used (RR 0.60 [0.43 –0.83] p < 0.001), in the heparin arm. This meta-analysis demonstrated that bivalirudin is associated with a lower risk of major bleeding, but a higher risk of stent thrombosis compared to heparin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Hafeez Ahmad Hamdi
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknologi MARAPuncak Alam, Malaysia
| | - Ahmad Fauzi Dali
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknologi MARAPuncak Alam, Malaysia
| | - Thimarul Huda Mat Nuri
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknologi MARAPuncak Alam, Malaysia
| | - Muhammad Syafiq Saleh
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknologi MARAPuncak Alam, Malaysia
| | - Noor Nabila Ajmi
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknologi MARAPuncak Alam, Malaysia
| | - Chin Fen Neoh
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknologi MARAPuncak Alam, Malaysia.,Collaborative Drug Discovery Research Group, Pharmaceutical and Life Sciences CoRe, Universiti Teknologi MARAShah Alam, Malaysia
| | - Long Chiau Ming
- Unit for Medication Outcomes Research and Education, Pharmacy, School of Medicine, University of TasmaniaHobart, TAS, Australia.,School of Pharmacy, KPJ Healthcare University CollegeNilai, Malaysia
| | - Amir Heberd Abdullah
- Vector-Borne Diseases Research Group (VERDI), Pharmaceutical and Life Sciences CoRe, Universiti Teknologi MARAShah Alam, Malaysia.,Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARABertam, Malaysia
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22
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Chan CK, Tan LTH, Andy SN, Kamarudin MNA, Goh BH, Kadir HA. Anti-neuroinflammatory Activity of Elephantopus scaber L. via Activation of Nrf2/HO-1 Signaling and Inhibition of p38 MAPK Pathway in LPS-Induced Microglia BV-2 Cells. Front Pharmacol 2017; 8:397. [PMID: 28680404 PMCID: PMC5478732 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2017] [Accepted: 06/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Elephantopus scaber L. (family: Asteraceae) has been traditionally utilized as a folkloric medicine and scientifically shown to exhibit anti-inflammatory activities in various in vivo inflammatory models. Given the lack of study on the effect of E. scaber in neuroinflammation, this study aimed to investigate the anti-neuroinflammatory effect and the underlying mechanisms of ethyl acetate fraction from the leaves of E. scaber (ESEAF) on the release of pro-inflammatory mediators in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced microglia cells (BV-2). Present findings showed that ESEAF markedly attenuated the translocation of NF-κB to nucleus concomitantly with the significant mitigation on the LPS-induced production of NO, iNOS, COX-2, PGE2, IL-1β, and TNF-α. These inflammatory responses were reduced via the inhibition of p38. Besides, ESEAF was shown to possess antioxidant activities evident by the DPPH and SOD scavenging activities. The intracellular catalase enzyme activity was enhanced by ESEAF in the LPS-stimulated BV-2 cells. Furthermore, the formation of ROS induced by LPS in BV-2 cells was reduced upon the exposure to ESEAF. Intriguingly, the reduction of ROS was found in concerted with the activation of Nrf2 and HO-1. It is conceivable that the activation promotes the scavenging power of antioxidant enzymes as well as to ameliorate the inflammatory response in LPS-stimulated BV-2 cells. Finally, the safety profile analysis through oral administration of ESEAF at 2000 mg/kg did not result in any mortalities, adverse effects nor histopathologic abnormalities of organs in mice. Taken altogether, the cumulative findings suggested that ESEAF holds the potential to develop as nutraceutical for the intervention of neuroinflammatory disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chim-Kei Chan
- Biomolecular Research Group, Biochemistry Program, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of MalayaKuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Loh Teng-Hern Tan
- Novel Bacteria and Drug Discovery Research Group, School of Pharmacy, Monash University MalaysiaSubang Jaya, Malaysia
| | - Shathiswaran N Andy
- Biomolecular Research Group, Biochemistry Program, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of MalayaKuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Muhamad Noor Alfarizal Kamarudin
- Biomolecular Research Group, Biochemistry Program, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of MalayaKuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Bey-Hing Goh
- Novel Bacteria and Drug Discovery Research Group, School of Pharmacy, Monash University MalaysiaSubang Jaya, Malaysia.,Center of Health Outcomes Research and Therapeutic Safety (Cohorts), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of PhayaoPhayao, Thailand
| | - Habsah Abdul Kadir
- Biomolecular Research Group, Biochemistry Program, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of MalayaKuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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