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Thakur S, Ankita, Dash S, Verma R, Kaur C, Kumar R, Mazumder A, Singh G. Understanding CFTR Functionality: A Comprehensive Review of Tests and Modulator Therapy in Cystic Fibrosis. Cell Biochem Biophys 2024; 82:15-34. [PMID: 38048024 DOI: 10.1007/s12013-023-01200-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis is a genetic disorder inherited in an autosomal recessive manner. It is caused by a mutation in the Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator (CFTR) gene on chromosome 7, which leads to abnormal regulation of chloride and bicarbonate ions in cells that line organs like the lungs and pancreas. The CFTR protein plays a crucial role in regulating chloride ion flow, and its absence or malfunction causes the production of thick mucus that affects several organs. There are more than 2000 identified mutations that are classified into seven categories based on their dysfunction mechanisms. In this article, we have conducted a thorough examination and consolidation of the diverse array of tests essential for the quantification of CFTR functionality. Furthermore, we have engaged in a comprehensive discourse regarding the recent advancements in CFTR modulator therapy, a pivotal approach utilized for the management of cystic fibrosis, alongside its concomitant relevance in evaluating CFTR functionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shorya Thakur
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Panjab, India
| | - Ankita
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Panjab, India
| | - Shubham Dash
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Panjab, India
| | - Rupali Verma
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Panjab, India
| | - Charanjit Kaur
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Panjab, India
| | - Rajesh Kumar
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Panjab, India
| | - Avijit Mazumder
- Noida Institute of Engineering and Technology (Pharmacy Institute), Greater Noida, UP, India
| | - Gurvinder Singh
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Panjab, India.
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2
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Bergougnoux A, Billet A, Ka C, Heller M, Degrugillier F, Vuillaume ML, Thoreau V, Sasorith S, Bareil C, Thèze C, Ferec C, Gac GL, Bienvenu T, Bieth E, Gaston V, Lalau G, Pagin A, Malinge MC, Dufernez F, Lemonnier L, Koenig M, Fergelot P, Claustres M, Taulan-Cadars M, Kitzis A, Reboul MP, Becq F, Fanen P, Mekki C, Audrezet MP, Girodon E, Raynal C. The multi-faceted nature of 15 CFTR exonic variations: Impact on their functional classification and perspectives for therapy. J Cyst Fibros 2022:S1569-1993(22)01423-0. [PMID: 36567205 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcf.2022.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The majority of variants of unknown clinical significance (VUCS) in the CFTR gene are missense variants. While change on the CFTR protein structure or function is often suspected, impact on splicing may be neglected. Such undetected splicing default of variants may complicate the interpretation of genetic analyses and the use of an appropriate pharmacotherapy. METHODS We selected 15 variants suspected to impact CFTR splicing after in silico predictions on 319 missense variants (214 VUCS), reported in the CFTR-France database. Six specialized laboratories assessed the impact of nucleotide substitutions on splicing (minigenes), mRNA expression levels (quantitative PCR), synthesis and maturation (western blot), cellular localization (immunofluorescence) and channel function (patch clamp) of the CFTR protein. We also studied maturation and function of the truncated protein, consecutive to in-frame aberrant splicing, on additional plasmid constructs. RESULTS Six of the 15 variants had a major impact on CFTR splicing by in-frame (n = 3) or out-of-frame (n = 3) exon skipping. We reclassified variants into: splicing variants; variants causing a splicing defect and the impairment of CFTR folding and/or function related to the amino acid substitution; deleterious missense variants that impair CFTR folding and/or function; and variants with no consequence on the different processes tested. CONCLUSION The 15 variants have been reclassified by our comprehensive approach of in vitro experiments that should be used to properly interpret very rare exonic variants of the CFTR gene. Targeted therapies may thus be adapted to the molecular defects regarding the results of laboratory experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Bergougnoux
- Génétique Moléculaire, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France; PhyMedExp, INSERM, CNRS UMR, Montpellier, France; Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - A Billet
- Laboratoire STIM, Université de Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | - C Ka
- Service de génétique moléculaire, CHRU Brest, Brest, France; Université de Brest, Inserm, UMR 1078, GGB, Brest, France
| | - M Heller
- Service de Médecine Génomique des Maladies de Système et d'Organe, APHP Centre - Université de Paris, Hôpital Cochin, Paris, France
| | - F Degrugillier
- Université Paris-Est Créteil, INSERM, IMRB, Créteil F-94010, France
| | - M-L Vuillaume
- Génétique Moléculaire, CHU Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - V Thoreau
- Laboratoire NEUVACOD-3808, Université de Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | - S Sasorith
- Génétique Moléculaire, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France; PhyMedExp, INSERM, CNRS UMR, Montpellier, France
| | - C Bareil
- Génétique Moléculaire, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - C Thèze
- Génétique Moléculaire, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - C Ferec
- Université de Brest, Inserm, UMR 1078, GGB, Brest, France
| | - G Le Gac
- Service de génétique moléculaire, CHRU Brest, Brest, France; Université de Brest, Inserm, UMR 1078, GGB, Brest, France
| | - T Bienvenu
- Service de Médecine Génomique des Maladies de Système et d'Organe, APHP Centre - Université de Paris, Hôpital Cochin, Paris, France
| | - E Bieth
- Génétique Médicale, CHU Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - V Gaston
- Génétique Médicale, CHU Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - G Lalau
- Biochimie et Biologie Moléculaire, CHU Lille, Lille, France
| | - A Pagin
- Biochimie et Biologie Moléculaire, CHU Lille, Lille, France
| | - M-C Malinge
- Biochimie et Génétique, CHU Angers, Angers, France
| | - F Dufernez
- Génétique, CHU Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | - L Lemonnier
- Association Vaincre la Mucoviscidose, Paris, France
| | - M Koenig
- Génétique Moléculaire, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France; PhyMedExp, INSERM, CNRS UMR, Montpellier, France; Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - P Fergelot
- MRGM, INSERM UMR 1211 Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - M Claustres
- Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - M Taulan-Cadars
- PhyMedExp, INSERM, CNRS UMR, Montpellier, France; Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - A Kitzis
- Génétique, CHU Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | - M-P Reboul
- Génétique Moléculaire, CHU Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - F Becq
- Laboratoire STIM, Université de Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | - P Fanen
- AP-HP, Département de Biochimie-Biologie Moléculaire, Pharmacologie, Génétique Médicale, Hôpital Henri Mondor, Créteil F-94010, France
| | - C Mekki
- AP-HP, Département de Biochimie-Biologie Moléculaire, Pharmacologie, Génétique Médicale, Hôpital Henri Mondor, Créteil F-94010, France
| | - M-P Audrezet
- Service de génétique moléculaire, CHRU Brest, Brest, France; Université de Brest, Inserm, UMR 1078, GGB, Brest, France
| | - E Girodon
- Service de Médecine Génomique des Maladies de Système et d'Organe, APHP Centre - Université de Paris, Hôpital Cochin, Paris, France; INSERM U1151, Institut Necker Enfants Malades, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - C Raynal
- Génétique Moléculaire, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France; PhyMedExp, INSERM, CNRS UMR, Montpellier, France.
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Rapedius M, Obergrussberger A, Humphries ESA, Scholz S, Rinke-Weiss I, Goetze TA, Brinkwirth N, Rotordam MG, Strassmaier T, Randolph A, Friis S, Liutkute A, Seibertz F, Voigt N, Fertig N. There is no F in APC: Using physiological fluoride-free solutions for high throughput automated patch clamp experiments. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:982316. [PMID: 36072300 PMCID: PMC9443850 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.982316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Fluoride has been used in the internal recording solution for manual and automated patch clamp experiments for decades because it helps to improve the seal resistance and promotes longer lasting recordings. In manual patch clamp, fluoride has been used to record voltage-gated Na (NaV) channels where seal resistance and access resistance are critical for good voltage control. In automated patch clamp, suction is applied from underneath the patch clamp chip to attract a cell to the hole and obtain a good seal. Since the patch clamp aperture cannot be moved to improve the seal like the patch clamp pipette in manual patch clamp, automated patch clamp manufacturers use internal fluoride to improve the success rate for obtaining GΩ seals. However, internal fluoride can affect voltage-dependence of activation and inactivation, as well as affecting internal second messenger systems and therefore, it is desirable to have the option to perform experiments using physiological, fluoride-free internal solution. We have developed an approach for high throughput fluoride-free recordings on a 384-well based automated patch clamp system with success rates >40% for GΩ seals. We demonstrate this method using hERG expressed in HEK cells, as well as NaV1.5, NaV1.7, and KCa3.1 expressed in CHO cells. We describe the advantages and disadvantages of using fluoride and provide examples of where fluoride can be used, where caution should be exerted and where fluoride-free solutions provide an advantage over fluoride-containing solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Rapedius
- Nanion Technologies GmbH, Munich, Germany
- *Correspondence: Markus Rapedius,
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Aiste Liutkute
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Georg-August University, Göttingen, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence “Multiscale Bioimaging: From Molecular Machines to Networks of Excitable Cells”, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Fitzwilliam Seibertz
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Georg-August University, Göttingen, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence “Multiscale Bioimaging: From Molecular Machines to Networks of Excitable Cells”, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Niels Voigt
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Georg-August University, Göttingen, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence “Multiscale Bioimaging: From Molecular Machines to Networks of Excitable Cells”, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
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4
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Lei CL, Fabbri A, Whittaker DG, Clerx M, Windley MJ, Hill AP, Mirams GR, de Boer TP. A nonlinear and time-dependent leak current in the presence of calcium fluoride patch-clamp seal enhancer. Wellcome Open Res 2021; 5:152. [PMID: 34805549 PMCID: PMC8591515 DOI: 10.12688/wellcomeopenres.15968.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Automated patch-clamp platforms are widely used and vital tools in both academia and industry to enable high-throughput studies such as drug screening. A leak current to ground occurs whenever the seal between a pipette and cell (or internal solution and cell in high-throughput machines) is not perfectly insulated from the bath (extracellular) solution. Over 1 GΩ seal resistance between pipette and bath solutions is commonly used as a quality standard for manual patch work. With automated platforms it can be difficult to obtain such a high seal resistance between the intra- and extra-cellular solutions. One suggested method to alleviate this problem is using an F
− containing internal solution together with a Ca
2+ containing external solution — so that a CaF
2 crystal forms when the two solutions meet which ‘plugs the holes’ to enhance the seal resistance. However, we observed an unexpected nonlinear-in-voltage and time-dependent current using these solutions on an automated patch-clamp platform. We performed manual patch-clamp experiments with the automated patch-clamp solutions, but no biological cell, and observed the same nonlinear time-dependent leak current. The current could be completely removed by washing out F
− ions to leave a conventional leak current that was linear and not time-dependent. We therefore conclude fluoride ions interacting with the CaF
2 crystal are the origin of the nonlinear time-dependent leak current. The consequences of such a nonlinear and time-dependent leak current polluting measurements should be considered carefully if it cannot be isolated and subtracted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chon Lok Lei
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China.,Department of Computer Science, University of Oxford, Oxford, Oxfordshire, OX1 3QD, UK
| | - Alan Fabbri
- Department of Medical Physiology, Division of Heart and Lungs, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, 3584 CX, The Netherlands
| | - Dominic G Whittaker
- Centre for Mathematical Medicine & Biology, School of Mathematical Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, Nottinghamshire, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Michael Clerx
- Department of Computer Science, University of Oxford, Oxford, Oxfordshire, OX1 3QD, UK
| | - Monique J Windley
- Molecular Cardiology & Biophysics Division, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, 2010, Australia.,St Vincent's Clinical School, UNSW Sydney, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, 2010, Australia
| | - Adam P Hill
- Molecular Cardiology & Biophysics Division, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, 2010, Australia.,St Vincent's Clinical School, UNSW Sydney, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, 2010, Australia
| | - Gary R Mirams
- Centre for Mathematical Medicine & Biology, School of Mathematical Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, Nottinghamshire, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Teun P de Boer
- Department of Medical Physiology, Division of Heart and Lungs, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, 3584 CX, The Netherlands
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Abstract
Abstract
Purpose of review
As fields such as neurotoxicity evaluation and neuro-related drug research are increasing in popularity, there is a demand for the expansion of neurotoxicity research. Currently, neurotoxicity is assessed by measuring changes in weight and behavior. However, measurement of such changes does not allow the detection of subtle and inconspicuous neurotoxicity. In this review, methods for advancing neurotoxicity research are divided into molecule-, cell-, circuit-, and animal model-based methods, and the results of previous studies assessing neurotoxicity are provided and discussed.
Recent findings
In coming decades, cooperation between universities, national research institutes, industrial research institutes, governments, and the private sector will become necessary when identifying alternative methods for neurotoxicity evaluation, which is a current goal related to improving neurotoxicity assessment and an appropriate approach to neurotoxicity prediction. Many methods for measuring neurotoxicity in the field of neuroscience have recently been reported. This paper classifies the supplementary and complementary experimental measures for evaluating neurotoxicity.
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6
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Becq F, Mirval S, Carrez T, Lévêque M, Billet A, Coraux C, Sage E, Cantereau A. The rescue of F508del-CFTR by elexacaftor/tezacaftor/ivacaftor (Trikafta) in human airway epithelial cells is underestimated due to the presence of ivacaftor. Eur Respir J 2021; 59:13993003.00671-2021. [PMID: 34266939 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.00671-2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Trikafta, currently the leading therapeutic in Cystic Fibrosis (CF), has demonstrated a real clinical benefit. This treatment is the triple combination therapy of two folding correctors elexacaftor/tezacaftor (VX445/VX661) plus the gating potentiator ivacaftor (VX770). In this study, our aim was to compare the properties of F508del-CFTR in cells treated with either lumacaftor (VX809), tezacaftor, elexacaftor, elexacaftor/tezacaftor with or without ivacaftor. We studied F508del-CFTR function, maturation and membrane localisation by Ussing chamber and whole-cell patch clamp recordings, Western blot and immunolocalization experiments. With human primary airway epithelial cells and the cell lines CFBE and BHK expressing F508del, we found that, whereas the combination elexacaftor/tezacaftor/ivacaftor was efficient in rescuing F508del-CFTR abnormal maturation, apical membrane location and function, the presence of ivacaftor limits these effects. The basal F508del-CFTR short-circuit current was significantly increased by elexacaftor/tezacaftor/ivacaftor and elexacaftor/tezacaftor compared to other correctors and non-treated cells, an effect dependent on ivacaftor and cAMP. These results suggest that the level of the basal F508del-CFTR current might be a marker for correction efficacy in CF cells. When cells were treated with ivacaftor combined to any correctors, the F508del-CFTR current was unresponsive to the subsequently acute addition of ivacaftor unlike the CFTR potentiators genistein and Cact-A1 which increased elexacaftor/tezacaftor/ivacaftor and elexacaftor/tezacaftor-corrected F508del-CFTR currents. These findings show that ivacaftor reduces the correction efficacy of Trikafta. Thus, combining elexacaftor/tezacaftor with a different potentiator might improve the therapeutic efficacy for treating CF patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frédéric Becq
- Laboratoire Signalisation et Transports Ioniques Membranaires, Université de Poitiers, France
| | - Sandra Mirval
- Laboratoire Signalisation et Transports Ioniques Membranaires, Université de Poitiers, France
| | - Thomas Carrez
- Laboratoire Signalisation et Transports Ioniques Membranaires, Université de Poitiers, France.,ManRos therapeutics, Presqu'île de Perharidy, Roscoff, France
| | - Manuella Lévêque
- Laboratoire Signalisation et Transports Ioniques Membranaires, Université de Poitiers, France
| | - Arnaud Billet
- Laboratoire Signalisation et Transports Ioniques Membranaires, Université de Poitiers, France
| | - Christelle Coraux
- INSERM UMR-S 1250, Université de Reims-Champagne Ardenne, Reims, France
| | - Edouard Sage
- INRAE UMR 0892, Université Versailles-Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines, Versailles, France.,Service de chirurgie thoracique et transplantation pulmonaire, Hôpital Foch, Suresnes, France
| | - Anne Cantereau
- Laboratoire Signalisation et Transports Ioniques Membranaires, Université de Poitiers, France
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7
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Bene Z, Fejes Z, Szanto TG, Fenyvesi F, Váradi J, Clarke LA, Panyi G, Macek M, Amaral MD, Balogh I, Nagy B. Enhanced Expression of Human Epididymis Protein 4 (HE4) Reflecting Pro-Inflammatory Status Is Regulated by CFTR in Cystic Fibrosis Bronchial Epithelial Cells. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:592184. [PMID: 34054511 PMCID: PMC8160512 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.592184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Decreased human epididymis protein 4 (HE4) plasma levels were reported in cystic fibrosis (CF) patients under CFTR potentiator ivacaftor therapy, which inversely correlated with lung function improvement. In this study, we investigated whether HE4 expression was affected via modulation of CFTR function in CF bronchial epithelial (CFBE) cells in vitro. HE4 protein levels were measured in the supernatants of CFBE 41o− cells expressing F508del-CFTR or wild-type CFTR (wt-CFTR) after administration of lumacaftor/ivacaftor or tezacaftor/ivacaftor, while HE4 expression in CFBE 41o− cells were also analyzed following application of adenylate cyclase activators Forskolin/IBMX or CFTRinh172. The effect of all of these compounds on CFTR function was monitored by the whole-cell patch-clamp technique. Induced HE4 expression was studied with interleukin-6 (IL-6) in F508del-CFTR CFBE 41o− cells under TNF-α stimulation for 1 h up to 1 week in duration. In parallel, plasma HE4 was determined in CF subjects homozygous for p.Phe508del-CFTR mutation receiving lumacaftor/ivacaftor (Orkambi®) therapy. NF-κB-mediated signaling was observed via the nuclear translocation of p65 subunit by fluorescence microscopy together with the analysis of IL-6 expression by an immunoassay. In addition, HE4 expression was examined after NF-κB pathway inhibitor BAY 11-7082 treatment with or without CFTR modulators. CFTR modulators partially restored the activity of F508del-CFTR and reduced HE4 concentration was found in F508del-CFTR CFBE 41o− cells that was close to what we observed in CFBE 41o− cells with wt-CFTR. These data were in agreement with decreased plasma HE4 concentrations in CF patients treated with Orkambi®. Furthermore, CFTR inhibitor induced elevated HE4 levels, while CFTR activator Forskolin/IBMX downregulated HE4 in the cell cultures and these effects were more pronounced in the presence of CFTR modulators. Higher activation level of baseline and TNF-α stimulated NF-κB pathway was detected in F508del-CFTR vs. wt-CFTR CFBE 41o− cells that was substantially reduced by CFTR modulators based on lower p65 nuclear positivity and IL-6 levels. Finally, HE4 expression was upregulated by TNF-α with elevated IL-6, and both protein levels were suppressed by combined administration of NF-κB pathway inhibitor and CFTR modulators in CFBE 41o− cells. In conclusion, CFTR dysfunction contributes to abnormal HE4 expression via NF-κB in CF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zsolt Bene
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary.,Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary.,Kálmán Laki Doctoral School of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Zsolt Fejes
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary.,Kálmán Laki Doctoral School of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Tibor Gabor Szanto
- Department of Biophysics and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Ferenc Fenyvesi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Judit Váradi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Luka A Clarke
- Faculty of Sciences, BioISI-Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute, University of Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Gyorgy Panyi
- Department of Biophysics and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Milan Macek
- Department of Biology and Medical Genetics, Charles University-2nd Faculty of Medicine and Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech
| | - Margarida D Amaral
- Faculty of Sciences, BioISI-Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute, University of Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - István Balogh
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary.,Division of Clinical Genetics, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Béla Nagy
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary.,Kálmán Laki Doctoral School of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
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8
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Gao J, Liao C, Liu S, Xia T, Jiang G. Nanotechnology: new opportunities for the development of patch-clamps. J Nanobiotechnology 2021; 19:97. [PMID: 33794903 PMCID: PMC8017657 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-021-00841-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The patch-clamp technique is one of the best approaches to investigate neural excitability. Impressive improvements towards the automation of the patch-clamp technique have been made, but obvious limitations and hurdles still exist, such as parallelization, volume displacement in vivo, and long-term recording. Nanotechnologies have provided opportunities to overcome these hurdles by applying electrical devices on the nanoscale. Electrodes based on nanowires, nanotubes, and nanoscale field-effect transistors (FETs) are confirmed to be robust and less invasive tools for intracellular electrophysiological recording. Research on the interface between the nanoelectrode and cell membrane aims to reduce the seal conductance and further improve the recording quality. Many novel recording approaches advance the parallelization, and precision with reduced invasiveness, thus improving the overall intracellular recording system. The combination of nanotechnology and the present intracellular recording framework is a revolutionary and promising orientation, potentially becoming the next generation electrophysiological recording technique and replacing the conventional patch-clamp technique. Here, this paper reviews the recent advances in intracellular electrophysiological recording techniques using nanotechnology, focusing on the design of noninvasive and greatly parallelized recording systems based on nanoelectronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China.,College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Chunyang Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China. .,College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Sijin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China.,College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Tian Xia
- Division of NanoMedicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Guibin Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China.,College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
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9
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Gu J, Zhang W, Wu L, Gu Y. CFTR Deficiency Affects Glucose Homeostasis via Regulating GLUT4 Plasma Membrane Transportation. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:630654. [PMID: 33659254 PMCID: PMC7917208 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.630654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Cystic Fibrosis (CF) is an autosomal recessive disorder caused by mutations in the Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator (CFTR) gene. CF-related diabetes (CFRD) is one of the most prevalent comorbidities of CF. Altered glucose homeostasis has been reported in CF patients. The mechanism has not been fully elucidated. Besides the consequence of pancreatic endocrine dysfunction, we focus on insulin-responsive tissues and glucose transportation to explain glucose homeostasis alteration in CFRD. Herein, we found that CFTR knockout mice exhibited insulin resistance and glucose tolerance. Furthermore, we demonstrated insulin-induced glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) translocation to the cell membrane was abnormal in the CFTR knockout mice muscle fibers, suggesting that defective intracellular GLUT4 transportation may be the cause of impaired insulin responses and glucose homeostasis. We further demonstrated that PI(4,5)P2 could rescue CFTR related defective intracellular GLUT4 transportation, and CFTR could regulate PI(4,5)P2 cellular level through PIP5KA, suggesting PI(4,5)P2 is a down-stream signal of CFTR. Our results revealed a new signal mechanism of CFTR in GLUT4 translocation regulation, which helps explain glucose homeostasis alteration in CF patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junzhong Gu
- Molecular Pharmacology Laboratory, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Weiwei Zhang
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Lida Wu
- Molecular Pharmacology Laboratory, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuchun Gu
- Molecular Pharmacology Laboratory, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Translational and Regenerative Medicine Centre, Aston Medical School, Aston University, Birmingham, United Kingdom
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Prins S, Langron E, Hastings C, Hill EJ, Stefan AC, Griffin LD, Vergani P. Fluorescence assay for simultaneous quantification of CFTR ion-channel function and plasma membrane proximity. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:16529-16544. [PMID: 32934006 PMCID: PMC7864054 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra120.014061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) is a plasma membrane anion channel that plays a key role in controlling transepithelial fluid movement. Excessive activation results in intestinal fluid loss during secretory diarrheas, whereas CFTR mutations underlie cystic fibrosis (CF). Anion permeability depends both on how well CFTR channels work (permeation/gating) and on how many are present at the membrane. Recently, treatments with two drug classes targeting CFTR-one boosting ion-channel function (potentiators) and the other increasing plasma membrane density (correctors)-have provided significant health benefits to CF patients. Here, we present an image-based fluorescence assay that can rapidly and simultaneously estimate both CFTR ion-channel function and the protein's proximity to the membrane. We monitor F508del-CFTR, the most common CF-causing variant, and confirm rescue by low temperature, CFTR-targeting drugs and second-site revertant mutation R1070W. In addition, we characterize a panel of 62 CF-causing mutations. Our measurements correlate well with published data (electrophysiology and biochemistry), further confirming validity of the assay. Finally, we profile effects of acute treatment with approved potentiator drug VX-770 on the rare-mutation panel. Mapping the potentiation profile on CFTR structures raises mechanistic hypotheses on drug action, suggesting that VX-770 might allow an open-channel conformation with an alternative arrangement of domain interfaces. The assay is a valuable tool for investigation of CFTR molecular mechanisms, allowing accurate inferences on gating/permeation. In addition, by providing a two-dimensional characterization of the CFTR protein, it could better inform development of single-drug and precision therapies addressing the root cause of CF disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stella Prins
- Department of Neuroscience, Physiology, and Pharmacology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Emily Langron
- Department of Neuroscience, Physiology, and Pharmacology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Cato Hastings
- CoMPLEX, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Emily J Hill
- Department of Neuroscience, Physiology, and Pharmacology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Andra C Stefan
- Natural Sciences, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Paola Vergani
- Department of Neuroscience, Physiology, and Pharmacology, University College London, London, United Kingdom.
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Gao J, Zhang H, Xiong P, Yan X, Liao C, Jiang G. Application of electrophysiological technique in toxicological study: From manual to automated patch-clamp recording. Trends Analyt Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2020.116082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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12
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de Jonge HR, Ardelean MC, Bijvelds MJC, Vergani P. Strategies for cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator inhibition: from molecular mechanisms to treatment for secretory diarrhoeas. FEBS Lett 2020; 594:4085-4108. [PMID: 33113586 PMCID: PMC7756540 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.13971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) is an unusual ABC transporter. It acts as an anion‐selective channel that drives osmotic fluid transport across many epithelia. In the gut, CFTR is crucial for maintaining fluid and acid‐base homeostasis, and its activity is tightly controlled by multiple neuro‐endocrine factors. However, microbial toxins can disrupt this intricate control mechanism and trigger protracted activation of CFTR. This results in the massive faecal water loss, metabolic acidosis and dehydration that characterize secretory diarrhoeas, a major cause of malnutrition and death of children under 5 years of age. Compounds that inhibit CFTR could improve emergency treatment of diarrhoeal disease. Drawing on recent structural and functional insight, we discuss how existing CFTR inhibitors function at the molecular and cellular level. We compare their mechanisms of action to those of inhibitors of related ABC transporters, revealing some unexpected features of drug action on CFTR. Although challenges remain, especially relating to the practical effectiveness of currently available CFTR inhibitors, we discuss how recent technological advances might help develop therapies to better address this important global health need.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugo R. de Jonge
- Department of Gastroenterology & HepatologyErasmus University Medical CenterRotterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Maria C. Ardelean
- Department of Neuroscience, Physiology and PharmacologyUniversity College LondonUK
- Department of Natural SciencesUniversity College LondonUK
| | - Marcel J. C. Bijvelds
- Department of Gastroenterology & HepatologyErasmus University Medical CenterRotterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Paola Vergani
- Department of Neuroscience, Physiology and PharmacologyUniversity College LondonUK
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Lei CL, Fabbri A, Whittaker DG, Clerx M, Windley MJ, Hill AP, Mirams GR, de Boer TP. A nonlinear and time-dependent leak current in the presence of calcium fluoride patch-clamp seal enhancer. Wellcome Open Res 2020; 5:152. [DOI: 10.12688/wellcomeopenres.15968.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Automated patch-clamp platforms are widely used and vital tools in both academia and industry to enable high-throughput studies such as drug screening. A leak current to ground occurs whenever the seal between a pipette and cell (or internal solution and cell in high-throughput machines) is not perfectly insulated from the bath (extracellular) solution. Over 1 GΩ seal resistance between pipette and bath solutions is commonly used as a quality standard for manual patch work. With automated platforms it can be difficult to obtain such a high seal resistance between the intra- and extra-cellular solutions. One suggested method to alleviate this problem is using an F− containing internal solution together with a Ca2+ containing external solution — so that a CaF2 crystal forms when the two solutions meet which ‘plugs the holes’ to enhance the seal resistance. However, we observed an unexpected nonlinear-in-voltage and time-dependent current using these solutions on an automated patch-clamp platform. We performed manual patch-clamp experiments with the automated patch-clamp solutions, but no biological cell, and observed the same nonlinear time-dependent leak current. The current could be completely removed by washing out F− ions to leave a conventional leak current that was linear and not time-dependent. We therefore conclude fluoride ions interacting with the CaF2 crystal are the origin of the nonlinear time-dependent leak current. The consequences of such a nonlinear and time-dependent leak current polluting measurements should be considered carefully if it cannot be isolated and subtracted.
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Froux L, Elbahnsi A, Boucherle B, Billet A, Baatallah N, Hoffmann B, Alliot J, Zelli R, Zeinyeh W, Haudecoeur R, Chevalier B, Fortuné A, Mirval S, Simard C, Lehn P, Mornon JP, Hinzpeter A, Becq F, Callebaut I, Décout JL. Targeting different binding sites in the CFTR structures allows to synergistically potentiate channel activity. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 190:112116. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Revised: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Short-term consequences of F508del-CFTR thermal instability on CFTR-dependent transepithelial currents in human airway epithelial cells. Sci Rep 2019; 9:13729. [PMID: 31551433 PMCID: PMC6760155 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-50066-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 07/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Loss-of-function mutations in the Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane conductance Regulator (CFTR) channel in human airway epithelial cells are responsible for Cystic Fibrosis. A deleterious impact of physiological temperature on CFTR plasma membrane expression, residence and channel activity is characteristic of the most common and severe CF mutation, F508del. Using primary human F508del-airway epithelial cells and CF bronchial epithelial CFBE41o- cell lines expressing F508del- or WT-CFTR, we examined the effects of temperature (29 °C-39 °C) on the amplitude and stability of short-circuit CFTR-dependent currents over time and the efficiency of pharmacological strategies to stably restore F508del-CFTR function. We show that F508del-CFTR functional instability at 37 °C is not prevented by low temperature or VX-809 correction, genistein and VX-770 potentiators, nor by the combination VX-809/VX-770. Moreover, F508del-CFTR-dependent currents 30 minutes after CFTR activation at 37 °C did not significantly differ whether a potentiator was used or not. We demonstrate that F508del-CFTR function loss is aggravated at temperatures above 37 °C while limited by a small decrease of temperature and show that the more F508del-CFTR is stimulated, the faster the current loss happens. Our study highlights the existence of a temperature-dependent process inhibiting the function of F508del-CFTR, possibly explaining the low efficacy of pharmacological drugs in clinic.
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