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Yu L, Zhang C, Gu L, Chen H, Huo Y, Wang S, Tao J, Xu C, Zhang Q, Ma M, Zhang J. Hydroxysafflor Yellow A and Tenuigenin Exhibit Neuroprotection Effects Against Focal Cerebral Ischemia Via Differential Regulation of JAK2/STAT3 and SOCS3 Signaling Interaction. Mol Neurobiol 2024; 61:5584-5600. [PMID: 38214838 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03896-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
Numerous natural bioactive compounds extracted from Chinese medicines have been proved to be promising and potent agents in the treatment of ischemic stroke. Hydroxysafflor yellow A (HSYA), separated from Carthamus tinctorius, has increasingly attracted attention for its broad spectrum of pharmacological effects, especially of its neuroprotective action. Our previous studies revealed that HSYA plays significant beneficial roles in a dose-dependent manner in rats with focal cerebral ischemia. However, treatment with higher doses of HSYA appeared to bring about adverse reactions in the rats. In present study, we adopted tenuigenin (TEN), extracted from the Polygala tenuifolia root, in combination with HSYA to optimize the therapeutic strategy against ischemic stroke, and further explored the underlying mechanisms of action of the combination in vivo and in vitro. We firstly confirmed the pharmacological efficacies of co-treatment of HSYA and TEN in middle cerebral ischemia occlusion (MCAO) rats and observed the synergistic improvement of infarct volume, cerebral edema, and morphology of neuron cell body. Behavioral experiments indicated that combination of HSYA and TEN could synergistically improve motor and cognitive function in MCAO rats. We also observed increased viability and suppressed cell apoptosis after HSYA and TEN co-treatments in the oxygen-glucose deprivation/reperfusion (OGD/R) SH-SY5Y cells. Furthermore, JAK2/STAT3 and SOCS3 signaling interaction was demonstrated to be a critical responsor to the co-treatment of HSYA and TEN. In the subsequent experiments with silencing SOCS3 in OGD/R-exposed cells, we found that HSYA and TEN might suppress JAK2/STAT3 pathway through different regulatory mechanisms targeting SOCS3-negative feedback signaling. HSYA seemed to impose excessive activation of JAK2/STAT3 to trigger SOCS3-negative feedback signaling, while TEN appeared to provoke SOCS3 inhibitory feedback role directly to further attenuate JAK2-mediated signaling. Collectively, HSYA and TEN might modulate the crosstalk between JAK2/STAT3 and SOCS3 signaling pathways in different manners that eventually contributed to their synergistic therapeutic effects against cerebral ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Yu
- Comprehensive Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Department of Neurology, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Genomics, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Lingling Gu
- Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Genomics, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Hong Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Maternal-Fetal Medicine and Gynecologic Oncology, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Yan Huo
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Shuyan Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200336, China
| | - Jie Tao
- Comprehensive Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Department of Neurology, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Chuan Xu
- Department of Neurology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200437, China
| | - Qiujuan Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200437, China.
| | - Mingliang Ma
- Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Genomics, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, China.
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, China.
| | - Jun Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Maternal-Fetal Medicine and Gynecologic Oncology, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China.
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Mosalam EM, Elberri AI, Abdallah MS, Abdel-Bar HM, Zidan AAA, Batakoushy HA, Abo Mansour HE. Mechanistic Insights of Neuroprotective Efficacy of Verapamil-Loaded Carbon Quantum Dots against LPS-Induced Neurotoxicity in Rats. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:7790. [PMID: 39063042 PMCID: PMC11277230 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25147790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2024] [Revised: 07/13/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease that badly impacts patients and their caregivers. AD is characterized by deposition of amyloid beta (Aβ) and phosphorylated tau protein (pTau) in the brain with underlying neuroinflammation. We aimed to develop a neuroprotective paradigm by loading verapamil (VRH) into hyaluronic acid-modified carbon quantum dots (CQDs) and comparing its effectiveness with the free form in an AD-like model in rats induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The experimental rats were divided into seven groups: control, LPS, CQDs, early free VRH (FVRH), late FVRH, early verapamil carbon quantum dots (VCQDs), and late VCQDs. Characterizations of VCQDs, the behavioral performance of the rats, histopathological and immunohistochemical changes, some AD hallmarks, oxidative stress biomarkers, neuro-affecting genes, and DNA fragmentation were determined. VRH was successfully loaded into CQDs, which was confirmed by the measured parameters. VRH showed enhancement in cognitive functions, disruption to the architecture of the brain, decreased Aβ and pTau, increased antioxidant capacity, modifiable expression of genes, and a decline in DNA fragmentation. The loaded therapy was superior to the free drug. Moreover, the early intervention was better than the late, confirming the implication of the detected molecular targets in the development of AD. VRH showed multifaceted mechanisms in combating LPS-induced neurotoxicity through its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, thereby mitigating the hallmarks of AD. Additionally, the synthesized nanosystem approach exhibited superior neuroprotection owing to the advantages offered by CQDs. However, finding new actionable biomarkers and molecular targets is of decisive importance to improve the outcomes for patients with AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esraa M. Mosalam
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Menoufia University, Shebin El-Kom 32511, Menoufia, Egypt;
| | - Aya Ibrahim Elberri
- Genetic Engineering and Molecular Biology Division, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Menoufia University, Shebin El-Kom 32511, Menoufia, Egypt;
| | - Mahmoud S. Abdallah
- Clinical Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sadat City (USC), Sadat City 32897, Monufia, Egypt
- Department of Pharm D, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jadara University, Irbid 21110, Jordan
| | - Hend Mohamed Abdel-Bar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sadat City (USC), Sadat City 32897, Monufia, Egypt;
| | - Abdel-Aziz A. Zidan
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Damanhur University, Damanhur 22511, Beheira, Egypt;
| | - Hany A. Batakoushy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Menoufia University, Shebin El-Kom 32511, Menoufia, Egypt;
| | - Hend E. Abo Mansour
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Menoufia University, Shebin El-Kom 32511, Menoufia, Egypt;
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Popović N, Morales-Delgado N, la Cruz-Sánchez ED, Popović M. RATS CONSERVE PASSIVE AVOIDANCE RETENTION LEVEL THROUGHOUT THE LIGHT PHASE OF DIURNAL CYCLE. Physiol Behav 2023; 268:114234. [PMID: 37172638 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2023.114234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Emotions and memory formation are sensible to circadian rhythm. Here we study whether the time of day during the light phase of the diurnal cycle affects emotional memory in male Wistar rats using the passive avoidance (PA) test. Experiments were conducted at the beginning of Zeitgeber time (ZT) (ZT0.5-2), mid-time (ZT5-6.5), and end (ZT10.5-12) of the light period. Our results suggest that time of day has no impact on emotional response during acquisition trials, but slightly influences cognitive response during the 24-hour retention trial. Retention response was highest for ZT5-6.5, followed by ZT0.5-2, and lowest for ZT10.5-12.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalija Popović
- Department of Human Anatomy and Psychobiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain; Institute of Biomedical Research of Murcia (IMIB Pascual Parilla), Virgen de la Arrixaca University Hospital, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Nicanor Morales-Delgado
- Department of Histology and Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miguel Hernández of Elche, 03550 Sant Joan d'Alacant, Spain.
| | - Ernesto De la Cruz-Sánchez
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Murcia (IMIB Pascual Parilla), Virgen de la Arrixaca University Hospital, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain; Public Health and Epidemiology Research Group, San Javier Campus, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Miroljub Popović
- Department of Human Anatomy and Psychobiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain; Institute of Biomedical Research of Murcia (IMIB Pascual Parilla), Virgen de la Arrixaca University Hospital, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
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Chronotherapeutic neuroprotective effect of verapamil against lipopolysaccharide-induced neuroinflammation in mice through modulation of calcium-dependent genes. Mol Med 2022; 28:139. [DOI: 10.1186/s10020-022-00564-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Neuroinflammation is a major mechanism in neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD), which is a major healthcare problem. Notwithstanding of ample researches figured out possible molecular mechanisms underlying the pathophysiology of AD, there is no definitive therapeutics that aid in neuroprotection. Therefore, searching for new agents and potential targets is a critical demand. We aimed to investigate the neuroprotective effect of verapamil (VRP) against lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced neuroinflammation in mice and whether the time of VRP administration could affect its efficacy.
Methods
Forty male albino mice were used and were divided into normal control, LPS only, morning VRP, and evening VRP. Y-maze and pole climbing test were performed as behavioral tests. Hematoxylin and eosin together with Bielschowsky silver staining were done to visualize neuroinflammation and phosphorylated tau protein (pTAU); respectively. Additionally, the state of mitochondria, the levels of microglia-activation markers, inflammatory cytokines, intracellular Ca2+, pTAU, and Ca2+-dependent genes involving Ca2+/ calmodulin dependent kinase II (CAMKII) isoforms, protein kinase A (PKA), cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB), and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), with the level of VRP in the brain tissue were measured.
Results
LPS successfully induced neuroinflammation and hyperphosphorylation of tau protein, which was indicated by elevated levels of microglia markers, inflammatory cytokines, and intracellular Ca2+ with compromised mitochondria and downregulated CAMKII isoforms, PKA, CREB and BDNF. Pretreatment with VRP showed significant enhancement in the architecture of the brain and in the behavioral tests as indicated by the measured parameters. Moreover, morning VRP exhibited better neuroprotective profile compared to the evening therapy.
Conclusions
VRP highlighted a multilevel of neuroprotection through anti-inflammatory activity, Ca2+ blockage, and regulation of Ca2+-dependent genes. Furthermore, chronotherapy of VRP administration should be consider to achieve best therapeutic efficacy.
Graphical Abstract
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Liu Z, Kumar M, Devi S, Kabra A. The Mechanisms of Cucurbitacin E as a Neuroprotective and Memory-Enhancing Agent in a Cerebral Hypoperfusion Rat Model: Attenuation of Oxidative Stress, Inflammation, and Excitotoxicity. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:794933. [PMID: 34955861 PMCID: PMC8703111 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.794933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Impaired cerebral hemodynamic autoregulation, vasoconstriction, and cardiovascular and metabolic dysfunctions cause cerebral hypoperfusion (CH) that triggers pro-oxidative and inflammatory events. The sequences linked to ion-channelopathies and calcium and glutamatergic excitotoxicity mechanisms resulting in widespread brain damage and neurobehavioral deficits, including memory, neurological, and sensorimotor functions. The vasodilatory, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant activities of cucurbitacin E (CuE) can alleviate CH-induced neurobehavioral impairments. In the present study, the neuroprotective effects of CuE were explored in a rat model of CH. Wistar rats were subjected to permanent bilateral common carotid artery occlusion to induce CH on day 1 and administered CuE (0.25, 0.5 mg/kg) and/or Bay-K8644 (calcium agonist, 0.5 mg/kg) for 28 days. CH caused impairment of neurological, sensorimotor, and memory functions that were ameliorated by CuE. CuE attenuated CH-triggered lipid peroxidation, 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine, protein carbonyls, tumor necrosis factor-α, nuclear factor-kappaB, myeloperoxidase activity, inducible nitric oxide synthase, and matrix metalloproteinase-9 levels in brain resulting in a decrease in cell death biomarkers (lactate dehydrogenase and caspase-3). CuE decreased acetylcholinesterase activity, glutamate, and increased γ-aminobutyric acid levels in the brain. An increase in brain antioxidants was observed in CuE-treated rats subjected to CH. CuE has the potential to alleviate pathogenesis of CH and protect neurological, sensorimotor, and memory functions against CH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyong Liu
- Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Manish Kumar
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Sushma Devi
- Department of Pharmacy, Guru Nanak Institute of Technology, Ambala, India
| | - Atul Kabra
- University Institute of Pharma Sciences, Chandigarh University, Mohali, India
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Different Age Related Neurological and Cardiac Effects of Verapamil on a Transgenic Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease. CURRENT HEALTH SCIENCES JOURNAL 2021; 47:263-269. [PMID: 34765247 PMCID: PMC8551894 DOI: 10.12865/chsj.47.02.17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Dementias are the third cause of the disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) worldwide with Alzheimer’s (AD) having the highest prevalence. Despite ample research in the field, therapeutic options are limited. However, with the increase in lifespan, a larger number of AD patients will receive other medication for the evermore-increased number of comorbidities that such patients face. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the neurological and cardiac effects of verapamil, on C57BL/6J-TgN (Thy1-APPKM670/671NL; Thy1-PS1L166P (APP) mice. The daily administration of 3.5mg/kg of verapamil for 28 days revealed different effects on young and aged APP mice. While young animals showed less anxiety and improved short-term memory with minimal cardiac effects (an increase in the duration of ventricular depolarization), aged ones did not present behavioral improvements, but with a decrease in the duration of ventricular depolarizing. Repolarization effects of verapamil were similar in young and aged animals, except for the duration of the ST segment that was longer in aged animals. Considering our results, the use of calcium blockers in AD patients should take into consideration the stage of the disease, as different effects could be seen at different stages of AD, in our model.
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Wu C, Yang L, Li Y, Dong Y, Yang B, Tucker LD, Zong X, Zhang Q. Effects of Exercise Training on Anxious-Depressive-like Behavior in Alzheimer Rat. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2020; 52:1456-1469. [PMID: 32028456 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000002294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to examine the effects of treadmill training on anxious-depressive-like behaviors of transgenic Alzheimer rats in the early stage of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and provided evidence of exercise in alleviating fear-avoidance behavior deficits. METHODS Male 2-month-old TgF344-AD and wild-type rats were divided into wild-type (n = 9), AD (n = 8), and AD + treadmill exercise (Exe) groups (n = 12). After 8 months of exercise, the passive avoidance test, Barnes maze task, novel object recognition test, and object location test were used to measure learning and memory function. The open-field test, elevated plus maze, sucrose preference test, and forced swim test were conducted to determine the anxious-depressive-like behavior of AD rats. Immunofluorescence staining, Western blot analysis, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay analysis, and related assay kits were used to measure inflammatory cytokines, oxidative stress, amyloid-β production, and tau hyperphosphorylation. RESULTS Behavioral tests revealed that 12-month-old animals did not show any spatial learning and memory deficits but did display anxious-depressive-like behavior (open field, center time: P = 0.008; center entries: P = 0.009; line crossings: P = 0.001). However, long-term exercise significantly inhibited anxious-depressive-like behavior in AD rats (center time: P = 0.016; center entries: P = 0.004; line crossings: P = 0.033). In addition, these animals displayed increased amyloid-β deposition, tau hyperphosphorylation, microgliosis, inflammatory cytokines release, and oxidative damage, which were attenuated significantly by long-term exercise training. CONCLUSION Long-term exercise training alleviated anxious-depressive-like behavior and improved fear-avoidance behavior in transgenic AD rats, supporting exercise training as an effective approach to prevent anxiety, depression, and fear-avoidance behavior deficits in the early stages of AD pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Luodan Yang
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA
| | - Yong Li
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA
| | - Yan Dong
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA
| | - Baocheng Yang
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA
| | - Lorelei Donovan Tucker
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA
| | - Xuemei Zong
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA
| | - Quanguang Zhang
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA
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Popović N, Morales-Delgado N, Vidal Mena D, Alonso A, Pascual Martínez M, Caballero Bleda M, Popović M. Verapamil and Alzheimer's Disease: Past, Present, and Future. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:562. [PMID: 32431612 PMCID: PMC7214748 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Verapamil is a phenylalkylamine class calcium channel blocker that for half a century has been used for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. Nowadays, verapamil is also considered as a drug option for the treatment of several neurological and psychiatric disorders, such as cluster headache, bipolar disorders, epilepsy, and neurodegenerative diseases. Here, we review insights into the potential preventive and therapeutic role of verapamil on Alzheimer’s disease (AD) based on limited experimental and clinical data. Pharmacological studies have shown that verapamil has a wide therapeutic spectrum, including antihypertensive, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidative effects, regulation of the blood-brain barrier function, due to its effect on P-glycoprotein, as well as adjustment of cellular calcium homeostasis, which may result in the delay of AD onset or ameliorate the symptoms of patients. However, the majority of the AD individuals are on polypharmacotherapy, and the interactions between verapamil and other drugs need to be considered. Therefore, for an appropriate and successful AD treatment, a personalized approach is more than necessary. A well-known narrow pharmacological window of verapamil efficacy may hinder this approach. It is therefore important to note that the verapamil efficacy may be conditioned by different factors. The onset, grade, and brain distribution of AD pathological hallmarks, the time-sequential appearances of AD-related cognitive and behavioral dysfunction, the chronobiologic and gender impact on calcium homeostasis and AD pathogenesis may somehow be influencing that success. In the future, such insights will be crucial for testing the validity of verapamil treatment on animal models of AD and clinical approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalija Popović
- Department of Human Anatomy and Psychobiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain.,Institute of Biomedical Research of Murcia (IMIB), Virgen de la Arrixaca University Hospital, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Nicanor Morales-Delgado
- Department of Human Anatomy and Psychobiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain.,Institute of Biomedical Research of Murcia (IMIB), Virgen de la Arrixaca University Hospital, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain.,Department of Histology and Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miguel Hernández, Sant Joan Alacant, Spain
| | - David Vidal Mena
- Neurological Unit, University Hospital "Santa Lucia", Cartagena, Spain
| | - Antonia Alonso
- Department of Human Anatomy and Psychobiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain.,Institute of Biomedical Research of Murcia (IMIB), Virgen de la Arrixaca University Hospital, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | | | - María Caballero Bleda
- Department of Human Anatomy and Psychobiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain.,Institute of Biomedical Research of Murcia (IMIB), Virgen de la Arrixaca University Hospital, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Miroljub Popović
- Department of Human Anatomy and Psychobiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain.,Institute of Biomedical Research of Murcia (IMIB), Virgen de la Arrixaca University Hospital, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
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Foyet HS, Keugong Wado E, Ngatanko Abaissou HH, Assongalem EA, Eyong OK. Anticholinesterase and Antioxidant Potential of Hydromethanolic Extract of Ziziphus mucronata (Rhamnaceae) Leaves on Scopolamine-Induced Memory and Cognitive Dysfunctions in Mice. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2019; 2019:4568401. [PMID: 31781268 PMCID: PMC6855091 DOI: 10.1155/2019/4568401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Revised: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Ziziphus mucronata Willd, also known as "buffalo thorn," belongs to the family Rhamnaceae. Its bark and leaves are used in folk medicine for the treatment of various deficiencies related to nociception, inflammation, mood, and depression. Still, there is a lack of scientific data regarding its potential effect on learning and memory process. The present study was designed to investigate the neuroprotective potential of Ziziphus mucronata (ZM) on learning and memory impairment in a scopolamine-induced model of dementia in mice. The phytochemical analysis revealed five cyclopeptide alkaloids (sanjoinines) in the extract from Ziziphus Mucronata leaves using LC-HRMS, and the structural characterization of these compounds was determined via MS/MS. Alzheimer-type amnesia was induced by an intraperitoneal injection of scopolamine (1 mg/kg) to mice for 7 consecutive days. ZM (150 mg/kg, 300 mg/kg, and 600 mg/kg) and piracetam (150 mg/kg) were orally administrated to mice daily for a period of 14 days. Memory-related behavioural parameters were evaluated using the radial arm maze task for 7 days, Y-maze, and novel object recognition task. At the end of protocol schedule, animals were sacrificed, and the levels of acetylcholinesterase, malondialdehyde, catalase, and superoxide dismutase were determined in brain homogenates. Histological studies of the hippocampus were subsequently performed. The long-term scopolamine-injected group decreased the spontaneous alternation (Y-maze), the discrimination index, and the time taken to explore the new object (novel object recognition task). These effects were significantly reversed by ZM at all the doses tested. In the radial arm maze task, ZM (300 and 600 mg/kg) significantly decreased the working and reference memory errors when compared with the demented group. Scopolamine-mediated changes in AChE activity were also attenuated by ZM in mice. In addition, extract-treated groups showed a significant increase in the level of CAT and SOD activity and decreased levels of MDA in the mice brains, as compared with the control group. The present study suggests that ZM could have an important role in neuroprotection on this scopolamine-induced model of Alzheimer-type dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harquin Simplice Foyet
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Maroua, P.O. Box: 814, Maroua, Cameroon
| | - Eglantine Keugong Wado
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Maroua, P.O. Box: 814, Maroua, Cameroon
| | | | - Emmanuel Acha Assongalem
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Buea, P.O. Box: 63, Buea, Cameroon
| | - Oben Kenneth Eyong
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Yaoundé I, P.O. Box 812, Yaoundé, Cameroon
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Huang JL, Yu C, Su M, Yang SM, Zhang F, Chen YY, Liu JY, Jiang YF, Zhong ZG, Wu DP. Probucol, a "non-statin" cholesterol-lowering drug, ameliorates D-galactose induced cognitive deficits by alleviating oxidative stress via Keap1/Nrf2 signaling pathway in mice. Aging (Albany NY) 2019; 11:8542-8555. [PMID: 31590160 PMCID: PMC6814622 DOI: 10.18632/aging.102337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress plays a vital role in the initiation and progression of age-related neurodegenerative diseases. Ameliorating oxidative damage is therefore considered as a beneficial strategy for the treatment of age-related neurodegenerative disorders. Probucol (Prob), a lipid-lowering prototype agent, was reported to treat cardiovascular diseases, chronic kidney disease and diabetes mellitus. However, whether Prob has an effect on age-related neurodegenerative diseases remains unknown. In the study, it was found that Prob ameliorated D-galactose (D-gal) induced cognitive deficits and neuronal loss in the hippocampal CA1 region. Moreover, Prob alleviated ROS and MDA levels by elevating SOD, GSH-PX and HO-1 mRNA and protein expressions, and improving plasmic and cerebral SOD and GSH-PX activities in D-gal treated mice. Furthermore, Prob promoted the dissociation of Keap1/Nrf2 complex leading to the accumulation of Nrf2 in nucleus, implying that the improved anti-oxidant property of Prob is mediated by Keap1/Nrf2 pathway. The study firstly demonstrates the favorable effects of Prob against cognitive impairments in a senescent mouse model, rendering this compound a promising agent for the treatment or prevention of age-related neurodegenerative disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Lan Huang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Pharmacy School, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, China
| | - Chao Yu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Pharmacy School, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, China
| | - Min Su
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Pharmacy School, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, China
| | - Si-Man Yang
- Scientific research center of traditional Chinese medicine, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi 530200, China
| | - Fan Zhang
- Scientific research center of traditional Chinese medicine, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi 530200, China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Pharmacy School, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, China
| | - Jin-Yuan Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Pharmacy School, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, China
| | - Yi-Fan Jiang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Pharmacy School, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, China
| | - Zhen-Guo Zhong
- Scientific research center of traditional Chinese medicine, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi 530200, China
| | - Deng-Pan Wu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Pharmacy School, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, China
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