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Xiang Y, Song X, Long D. Ferroptosis regulation through Nrf2 and implications for neurodegenerative diseases. Arch Toxicol 2024; 98:579-615. [PMID: 38265475 PMCID: PMC10861688 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-023-03660-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
This article provides an overview of the background knowledge of ferroptosis in the nervous system, as well as the key role of nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) in regulating ferroptosis. The article takes Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), Huntington's disease (HD), and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) as the starting point to explore the close association between Nrf2 and ferroptosis, which is of clear and significant importance for understanding the mechanism of neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) based on oxidative stress (OS). Accumulating evidence links ferroptosis to the pathogenesis of NDs. As the disease progresses, damage to the antioxidant system, excessive OS, and altered Nrf2 expression levels, especially the inhibition of ferroptosis by lipid peroxidation inhibitors and adaptive enhancement of Nrf2 signaling, demonstrate the potential clinical significance of Nrf2 in detecting and identifying ferroptosis, as well as targeted therapy for neuronal loss and mitochondrial dysfunction. These findings provide new insights and possibilities for the treatment and prevention of NDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Xiang
- School of Public Health, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, People's Republic of China
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Typical Environmental Pollution and Health Hazards, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaohua Song
- School of Public Health, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, People's Republic of China
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Typical Environmental Pollution and Health Hazards, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, People's Republic of China
| | - Dingxin Long
- School of Public Health, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, People's Republic of China.
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Typical Environmental Pollution and Health Hazards, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, People's Republic of China.
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Darwish SF, Elbadry AMM, Elbokhomy AS, Salama GA, Salama RM. The dual face of microglia (M1/M2) as a potential target in the protective effect of nutraceuticals against neurodegenerative diseases. FRONTIERS IN AGING 2023; 4:1231706. [PMID: 37744008 PMCID: PMC10513083 DOI: 10.3389/fragi.2023.1231706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
The pathophysiology of different neurodegenerative illnesses is significantly influenced by the polarization regulation of microglia and macrophages. Traditional classifications of macrophage phenotypes include the pro-inflammatory M1 and the anti-inflammatory M2 phenotypes. Numerous studies demonstrated dynamic non-coding RNA modifications, which are catalyzed by microglia-induced neuroinflammation. Different nutraceuticals focus on the polarization of M1/M2 phenotypes of microglia and macrophages, offering a potent defense against neurodegeneration. Caeminaxin A, curcumin, aromatic-turmerone, myricetin, aurantiamide, 3,6'-disinapoylsucrose, and resveratrol reduced M1 microglial inflammatory markers while increased M2 indicators in Alzheimer's disease. Amyloid beta-induced microglial M1 activation was suppressed by andrographolide, sulforaphane, triptolide, xanthoceraside, piperlongumine, and novel plant extracts which also prevented microglia-mediated necroptosis and apoptosis. Asarone, galangin, baicalein, and a-mangostin reduced oxidative stress and pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin (IL)-1, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha in M1-activated microglia in Parkinson's disease. Additionally, myrcene, icariin, and tenuigenin prevented the nod-like receptor family pyrin domain-containing 3 inflammasome and microglial neurotoxicity, while a-cyperone, citronellol, nobiletin, and taurine prevented NADPH oxidase 2 and nuclear factor kappa B activation. Furthermore, other nutraceuticals like plantamajoside, swertiamarin, urolithin A, kurarinone, Daphne genkwa flower, and Boswellia serrata extracts showed promising neuroprotection in treating Parkinson's disease. In Huntington's disease, elderberry, curcumin, iresine celosia, Schisandra chinensis, gintonin, and pomiferin showed promising results against microglial activation and improved patient symptoms. Meanwhile, linolenic acid, resveratrol, Huperzia serrata, icariin, and baicalein protected against activated macrophages and microglia in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis and multiple sclerosis. Additionally, emodin, esters of gallic and rosmarinic acids, Agathisflavone, and sinomenine offered promising multiple sclerosis treatments. This review highlights the therapeutic potential of using nutraceuticals to treat neurodegenerative diseases involving microglial-related pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samar F. Darwish
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Cairo, Egypt
| | - Abdullah M. M. Elbadry
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Cairo, Egypt
- Nanotechnology Research Center (NTRC), The British University in Egypt (BUE), El-Sherouk City, Egypt
| | | | - Ghidaa A. Salama
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Cairo, Egypt
| | - Rania M. Salama
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Misr International University, Cairo, Egypt
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Lee JI, Choi JH, Kwon TW, Jo HS, Kim DG, Ko SG, Song GJ, Cho IH. Neuroprotective effects of bornyl acetate on experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis via anti-inflammatory effects and maintaining blood-brain-barrier integrity. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 112:154569. [PMID: 36842217 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.154569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bornyl acetate (BA), a chemical component of essential oil in the Pinus family, has yet to be actively studies in terms of its therapeutic effect on numerous diseases, including autoimmune diseases. PURPOSE This study aimed to investigate the pharmacological effects and molecular mechanisms of BA on myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG35-55)-induced experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) mice in an animal model of multiple sclerosis (MS), a representative autoimmune disease in central nervous system. METHODS BA (100, 200, or 400 mg/kg) was orally treated to EAE mice once daily for 30 days after immunization for the behavioral test and for the 16th-18th days for the histopathological and molecular analyses, from the onset stage (8th day) of EAE symptoms. RESULTS BA mitigated behavioral dysfunction (motor disability) and demyelination in the spinal cord that were associated with the down-regulation of representative pro-inflammatory cytokines (interleukin (IL)-1 beta, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha), enzymes (cyclooxygenase-2 and inducible nitric oxide synthase), and chemokines (monocyte chemotactic protein-1, macrophage inflammatory protein-1 alpha, and regulated on activation), and decreased infiltration of microglia (CD11b+/CD45+(low)) and macrophages (CD11b+/CD45+(high)). The anti-inflammatory effect of BA was related to the inhibition of mitogen-activated protein kinases and nuclear factor-kappa B pathways. BA also reduced the recruitment/infiltration rates of CD4+ T, Th1, and Th17 cells into the spinal cords of EAE mice, which was related to reduced blood-spinal cord barrier (BSCB) disruption. CONCLUSION These findings strongly suggest that BA may alleviate EAE due to its anti-inflammatory and BSCB protective activities. This indicates that BA is a potential therapeutic agent for treating autoimmune demyelinating diseases including MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joon-Il Lee
- Department of Convergence Medical Science, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea; Department of Science in Korean Medicine, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Hee Choi
- Department of Convergence Medical Science, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Woo Kwon
- Department of Convergence Medical Science, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea; Department of Science in Korean Medicine, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo-Sung Jo
- Department of Convergence Medical Science, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea; Department of Science in Korean Medicine, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Do-Geun Kim
- Dementia Research Group, Korea Brain Research Institute, Daegu 41068, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Gyu Ko
- Korean Medicine-based Drug Repositioning Cancer Research Center, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Gyun Jee Song
- Department of Medical Science, Catholic Kwandong University College of Medicine, Gangneung, Gangwon-do 25601, Republic of Korea
| | - Ik-Hyun Cho
- Department of Convergence Medical Science, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea; Department of Science in Korean Medicine, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea; Institute of Convergence Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea.
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Jang M, Choi JH, Jang DS, Cho IH. Micrandilactone C, a Nortriterpenoid Isolated from Roots of Schisandra chinensis, Ameliorates Huntington's Disease by Inhibiting Microglial STAT3 Pathways. Cells 2023; 12:cells12050786. [PMID: 36899922 PMCID: PMC10000367 DOI: 10.3390/cells12050786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Huntington's disease (HD) is a neurodegenerative disease that affects the motor control system of the brain. Its pathological mechanism and therapeutic strategies have not been fully elucidated yet. The neuroprotective value of micrandilactone C (MC), a new schiartane nortriterpenoid isolated from the roots of Schisandra chinensis, is not well-known either. Here, the neuroprotective effects of MC were demonstrated in 3-nitropropionic acid (3-NPA)-treated animal and cell culture models of HD. MC mitigated neurological scores and lethality following 3-NPA treatment, which is associated with decreases in the formation of a lesion area, neuronal death/apoptosis, microglial migration/activation, and mRNA or protein expression of inflammatory mediators in the striatum. MC also inhibited the activation of the signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) in the striatum and microglia after 3-NPA treatment. As expected, decreases in inflammation and STAT3-activation were reproduced in a conditioned medium of lipopolysaccharide-stimulated BV2 cells pretreated with MC. The conditioned medium blocked the reduction in NeuN expression and the enhancement of mutant huntingtin expression in STHdhQ111/Q111 cells. Taken together, MC might alleviate behavioral dysfunction, striatal degeneration, and immune response by inhibiting microglial STAT3 signaling in animal and cell culture models for HD. Thus, MC may be a potential therapeutic strategy for HD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minhee Jang
- Department of Convergence Medical Science, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Hee Choi
- Department of Convergence Medical Science, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae Sik Jang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: (D.S.J.); (I.-H.C.)
| | - Ik-Hyun Cho
- Department of Convergence Medical Science, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Korean Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: (D.S.J.); (I.-H.C.)
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Xu Y, Lian Y, Li J, Zhang Y, Liu Y, Wang X, Ma J, Li F. KangPiLao decoction modulates cognitive and emotional disorders in rats with central fatigue through the GABA/Glu pathway. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:939169. [PMID: 36120289 PMCID: PMC9478895 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.939169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Central fatigue (CF) is a subjective sense of tiredness associated with cognitive and memory disorders, accompanied by reduced physical endurance and negative emotions, such as anxiety and depression. Disease progression and prognosis with regards to CF have been unfavorable and possibly contribute to dementia, schizophrenia, and other diseases. Additionally, effective treatments for CF are lacking. KangPiLao decoction (KPLD) has been widely applied in clinical treatment and is composed of six Chinese herbal medicines, some of which have confirmed anti-fatigue effects. While glutamic acid (Glu) is the main excitatory transmitter in the central nervous system (CNS), gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is the major inhibitory transmitter. Both are involved in emotional, cognitive, and memory functions. This research was designed to explore how KPLD regulates cognitive and emotional disorders in rats with CF and to identify the relationship between the regulatory effect and the GABA/Glu pathway. Methods: The compounds comprising KPLD were analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Sixty Wistar rats were randomly divided into six groups. The modified multiple platform method was used to induce CF. Cognitive, emotional, and fatigue states were evaluated by performing behavioral tests (Morris water maze [MWM], open-field test [OFT], and grip strength test). Histomorphology, western blotting, immunohistochemistry, and RT-qPCR were performed to investigate protein and mRNA expression levels in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortexes involved in the GABA/Glu pathway. Results: Rats with CF exhibited impaired spatial cognition and increased negative emotions in the MWM and OFT. KPLD enabled the improvement of these symptoms, especially in the high-concentration group. Western blotting and RT-qPCR demonstrated that the expression of GABAARα1, GABAARγ2, GABABR1, and GAD67 in rats with CF was higher, whereas GAT-1 and NMDAR2B were lower in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex. KPLD decreased the expression of GABAARα1, GABABR1, GABAARγ2, and GAD67 in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex and enhanced the expression of NR2B in the prefrontal cortex. Conclusion: KPLD significantly improved cognitive and emotional disorders in rats with CF by regulating the GABA/Glu pathway. Overall, KPLD may be a promising candidate for developing a drug for treating CF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifei Xu
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yajun Lian
- Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Jie Li
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yifei Zhang
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xuejiao Wang
- Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Ma
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Feng Li
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Feng Li,
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Ibrahim WW, Abdel Rasheed NO. Diapocynin neuroprotective effects in 3-nitropropionic acid Huntington's disease model in rats: emphasis on Sirt1/Nrf2 signaling pathway. Inflammopharmacology 2022; 30:1745-1758. [PMID: 35639233 PMCID: PMC9499906 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-022-01004-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/30/2022] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
Abstract
Background and Aim Huntington's disease (HD) is a rare inherited disease portrayed with marked cognitive and motor decline owing to extensive neurodegeneration. NADPH oxidase is considered as an important contributor to the oxidative injury in several neurodegenerative disorders including HD. Thus, the present study explored the possible neuroprotective effects of diapocynin, a specific NADPH oxidase inhibitor, against 3-nitropropionic acid (3-NP) model of HD in rats. Methods Animals received diapocynin (10 mg/kg/day, p.o), 30 min before 3-NP (10 mg/kg/day, i.p) over a period of 14 days. Results Diapocynin administration attenuated 3-NP-induced oxidative stress with significant increase in reduced glutathione, glutathione-S-transferase, nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2, and brain-derived neurotrophic factor striatal contents contrary to NADPH oxidase (NOX2; gp91phox subunit) diminished expression. Moreover, diapocynin mitigated 3-NP-associated neuroinflammation
and glial activation with prominent downregulation of nuclear factor-Кβ p65 and marked decrement of inducible nitric oxide synthase content in addition to decreased immunoreactivity of ionized calcium binding adaptor molecule 1 and glial fibrillary acidic protein; markers of microglial and astroglial activation, respectively. Treatment with diapocynin hindered 3-NP-induced apoptosis with prominent decrease in tumor suppressor protein and Bcl-2-associated X protein contents whereas the anti-apoptotic marker; B-cell lymphoma-2 content was noticeably increased. Diapocynin neuroprotective effects could be attributed to silent information regulator 1 upregulation which curbed 3-NP-associated hazards resulting in improved motor functions witnessed during open field, rotarod, and grip strength tests as well as attenuated 3-NP-associated histopathological derangements. Conclusion The present findings indicated that diapocynin could serve as an auspicious nominee for HD management. Graphical abstract ![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Weam W Ibrahim
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El Aini St., Cairo, 11562, Egypt.
| | - Nora O Abdel Rasheed
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El Aini St., Cairo, 11562, Egypt
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Telmisartan neuroprotective effects in 3-nitropropionic acid Huntington's disease model in rats: Cross talk between PPAR-γ and PI3K/Akt/GSK-3β pathway. Life Sci 2022; 297:120480. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.120480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Kim N, Lee S, Kang J, Kwon TK, Khang D, Kim SH. Gomisin M2 alleviates psoriasis‑like skin inflammation by inhibiting inflammatory signaling pathways. Mol Med Rep 2021; 24:859. [PMID: 34664681 PMCID: PMC8548952 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2021.12499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Psoriasis, a chronic inflammatory skin disease, is characterized by the excessive proliferation and impaired differentiation of epidermal keratinocytes and is accompanied by the increased infiltration of inflammatory cells. The condition requires long‑term treatment and has no definitive cure. Hence, supplements and therapeutic agents have been intensely investigated. Gomisin M2 (GM2), a lignan extracted from Schisandra chinensis (Turcz). Baill. (Schisandraceae; S. chinensis), has demonstrated diverse pharmacological properties, including anticancer, anti‑inflammatory and antiallergic effects. Based on these findings, the present study examined the effects of GM2 on an imiquimod (IMQ)‑induced psoriasis mouse model and on keratinocytes stimulated by tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‑α and interferon‑γ. IMQ was topically applied to the back skin of mice for 7 consecutive days, and the mice were orally administered CD. These results showed that the oral administration of GM2 suppressed the symptoms of psoriasis, as evidenced by reductions in skin thickness, psoriasis area severity index scores for psoriasis lesions, transepidermal water loss and myeloperoxidase (MPO)‑associated cell infiltration. Furthermore, GM2 reduced the pathologically increased levels of immunoglobulin G2a, MPO and TNF‑α in the serum and T helper (Th)1 and Th17 cell populations in the spleen. GM2 decreased the gene expression of inflammatory‑related cytokines and chemokines and inhibited the expression of signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 and nuclear factor‑κB in the activated keratinocytes. These results suggested that GM2 from S. chinensis is a potential therapeutic candidate to alleviate psoriasis‑like skin inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Namkyung Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea
| | - Soyoung Lee
- Immunoregulatory Materials Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Jeongeup, Jeollabuk-do 56212, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinjoo Kang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea
| | - Taeg Kyu Kwon
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Keimyung University, Daegu 42601, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongwoo Khang
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Gachon University, Yeonsu, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Hyun Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea
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Gonchar OO, Maznychenko AV, Klyuchko OM, Mankovska IM, Butowska K, Borowik A, Piosik J, Sokolowska I. C 60 Fullerene Reduces 3-Nitropropionic Acid-Induced Oxidative Stress Disorders and Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Rats by Modulation of p53, Bcl-2 and Nrf2 Targeted Proteins. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22115444. [PMID: 34064070 PMCID: PMC8196695 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 05/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
C60 fullerene as a potent free radical scavenger and antioxidant could be a beneficial means for neurodegenerative disease prevention or cure. The aim of the study was to define the effects of C60 administration on mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress disorders in a 3-nitropropionic acid (3-NPA)-induced rat model of Huntington’s disease. Animals received 3-NPA (30 mg/kg i.p.) once a day for 3 consecutive days. C60 was applied at a dose of 0.5 mg/kg of body weight, i.p. daily over 5 days before (C60 pre-treatment) and after 3-NPA exposure (C60 post-treatment). Oxidative stress biomarkers, the activity of respiratory chain enzymes, the level of antioxidant defense, and pro- and antiapoptotic markers were analyzed in the brain and skeletal muscle mitochondria. The nuclear and cytosol Nrf2 protein expression, protein level of MnSOD, γ-glutamate-cysteine ligase (γ-GCLC), and glutathione-S-transferase (GSTP) as Nrf2 targets were evaluated. Our results indicated that C60 can prevent 3-NPA-induced mitochondrial dysfunction through the restoring of mitochondrial complexes’ enzyme activity, ROS scavenging, modulating of pro/antioxidant balance and GSH/GSSG ratio, as well as inhibition of mitochondria-dependent apoptosis through the limitation of p53 mitochondrial translocation and increase in Bcl-2 protein expression. C60 improved mitochondrial protection by strengthening the endogenous glutathione system via glutathione biosynthesis by up-regulating Nrf2 nuclear accumulation as well as GCLC and GSTP protein level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga O. Gonchar
- Department of Hypoxic States and Department of Movements Physiology, Bogomoletz Institute of Physiology, Bogomoletz Str. 4, 01024 Kyiv, Ukraine; (O.O.G.); (I.M.M.)
| | - Andriy V. Maznychenko
- Department of Hypoxic States and Department of Movements Physiology, Bogomoletz Institute of Physiology, Bogomoletz Str. 4, 01024 Kyiv, Ukraine; (O.O.G.); (I.M.M.)
- Department of Physical Education, Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, Kazimierza Gorskiego Str. 1, 80-336 Gdansk, Poland;
- Correspondence:
| | - Olena M. Klyuchko
- Department of Electronics, National Aviation University, L. Huzar Ave. 1, 03058 Kyiv, Ukraine;
| | - Iryna M. Mankovska
- Department of Hypoxic States and Department of Movements Physiology, Bogomoletz Institute of Physiology, Bogomoletz Str. 4, 01024 Kyiv, Ukraine; (O.O.G.); (I.M.M.)
| | - Kamila Butowska
- Laboratory of Biophysics, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology UG-MUG, Abrahama 58, 80-307 Gdansk, Poland; (K.B.); (A.B.); (J.P.)
| | - Agnieszka Borowik
- Laboratory of Biophysics, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology UG-MUG, Abrahama 58, 80-307 Gdansk, Poland; (K.B.); (A.B.); (J.P.)
| | - Jacek Piosik
- Laboratory of Biophysics, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology UG-MUG, Abrahama 58, 80-307 Gdansk, Poland; (K.B.); (A.B.); (J.P.)
| | - Inna Sokolowska
- Department of Physical Education, Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, Kazimierza Gorskiego Str. 1, 80-336 Gdansk, Poland;
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Piao Z, Song L, Yao L, Zhang L, Lu Y. Schisandrin Restores the Amyloid β-Induced Impairments on Mitochondrial Function, Energy Metabolism, Biogenesis, and Dynamics in Rat Primary Hippocampal Neurons. Pharmacology 2021; 106:254-264. [PMID: 33691319 DOI: 10.1159/000507818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Schisandrin which is derived from Schisandra chinensis has shown multiple pharmacological effects on various diseases including Alzheimer's disease (AD). It is demonstrated that mitochondrial dysfunction plays an essential role in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative disorders. OBJECTIVE Our study aims to investigate the effects of schisandrin on mitochondrial functions and metabolisms in primary hippocampal neurons. METHODS In our study, rat primary hippocampal neurons were isolated and treated with indicated dose of amyloid β1-42 (Aβ1-42) oligomer to establish a cell model of AD in vitro. Schisandrin (2 μg/mL) was further subjected to test its effects on mitochondrial function, energy metabolism, mitochondrial biogenesis, and dynamics in the Aβ1-42 oligomer-treated neurons. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicated that schisandrin significantly alleviated the Aβ1-42 oligomer-induced loss of mitochondrial membrane potential and impaired cytochrome c oxidase activity. Additionally, the opening of mitochondrial permeability transition pore and release of cytochrome c were highly restricted with schisandrin treatment. Alterations in cell viability, ATP production, citrate synthase activity, and the expressions of glycolysis-related enzymes demonstrated the relief of defective energy metabolism in Aβ-treated neurons after the treatment of schisandrin. For mitochondrial biogenesis, elevated expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator along with promoted mitochondrial mass was found in schisandrin-treated cells. The imbalance in the cycle of fusion and fission was also remarkably restored by schisandrin. In summary, this study provides novel mechanisms for the protective effect of schisandrin on mitochondria-related functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongyuan Piao
- Department of Neurology, Huizhou Third People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Huizhou, China
| | - Lin Song
- School of Life Sciences, Huizhou University, Huizhou, China,
| | - Lifen Yao
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Limei Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Huizhou Third People's Hospital, Huizhou, China
| | - Yichan Lu
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Dalian Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Dalian, China
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Inhibitory Effectiveness of Gomisin A, a Dibenzocyclooctadiene Lignan Isolated from Schizandra chinensis, on the Amplitude and Gating of Voltage-Gated Na + Current. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21228816. [PMID: 33233411 PMCID: PMC7700137 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21228816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Gomisin A (Gom A), a lignan isolated from Schisandra chinensis, has been reported produce numerous biological activities. However, its action on the ionic mechanisms remains largely unanswered. The present experiments were undertaken to investigate the possible perturbations of Gom A or other related compounds on different types of membrane ionic currents in electrically excitable cells (i.e., pituitary GH3 and pancreatic INS-1 cells). The exposure to Gom A led to the differential inhibition of peak and end-pulse components of voltage-gated Na+ current (INa) in GH3 cells with effective IC50 of 6.2 and 0.73 μM, respectively. The steady-state inactivation curve of INa in the presence of Gom A was shifted towards a more hyperpolarized potential. However, neither changes in the overall current-voltage relationship nor those for the gating charge of the current were demonstrated. The application of neither morin (10 μM) nor hesperidin (10 μM) perturbed the strength of INa, while sesamine could suppress it. However, in the continued presence of Gom A, the addition of sesamine failed to suppress INa further. Gom A also effectively suppressed the strength of persistent INa activated by long ramp voltage command, and further application of tefluthrin effectively attenuated Gom A-mediated inhibition of the current. The presence of Gom A mildly inhibited erg-mediated K+ current, while a lack of change in the amplitude of hyperpolarization-activated cation current was observed in its presence. Under cell-attached current recordings, the exposure to Gom A resulted in the decreased firing of spontaneous action currents with a minimal change in AC amplitude. In pancreatic INS-1 cells, the presence of Gom A was also noticed to inhibit peak and end-pulse components of INa differentially with the IC50 of 5.9 and 0.84 μM, respectively. Taken together, the emerging results presented herein provide the evidence that Gom A can differentially inhibit peak and sustained INa in endocrine cells (e.g., GH3 and INS-1 cells).
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Dapagliflozin improves behavioral dysfunction of Huntington's disease in rats via inhibiting apoptosis-related glycolysis. Life Sci 2020; 257:118076. [PMID: 32659371 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Huntington's disease is a rare neurodegenerative disorder which is associated with defected glucose metabolism with consequent behavioral disturbance including memory and locomotion. 3-nitropropionic acid (3-NP) can cause, in high single dose, an acute striatal injury/Huntington's disease. Dapagliflozin, which is one of the longest duration of action of SGLTIs family, may be able to diminish that injury and its resultant behavioral disturbances. MATERIAL AND METHODS Forty rats were divided into four groups (n = 10 in each group): normal control group (CTRL), dapagliflozin (CTRL + DAPA) group, 3-nitropropionic acid (3-NP) group, and dapagliflozin plus 3-nitropropionic acid (DAPA + 3-NP) group. Behavioral tests (beam walking test, hanging wire test, limb withdrawal test, Y-maze spontaneous alteration, elevated plus maze) were performed with evaluating neurological scoring. In striatum, neurotransmitters (glutamate, aspartate, GABA, ACh and AChE activity) were measured. In addition, apoptosis and glycolysis markers (NF-κB, Cyt-c, lactate, HK-II activity, P53, calpain, PEA15 and TIGAR) were determined. Inflammation (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-α) and autophagy (beclin-1, LC3 and DRAM) indicators were measured. Additionally, histopathological screening was conducted. KEY FINDINGS 3-Nitropropionic acid had the ability to perturb the neurotransmission which was reflected in impaired behavioral outcome. All of glycolysis, apoptosis and inflammation markers were elevated after 3-NP acute intoxication but autophagy parameters, except DRAM, were reduced. However, DAPA markedly reversed the abovementioned parameters. SIGNIFICANCE Dapagliflozin demonstrated anti-glycolytic, anti-apoptotic, anti-inflammatory and autophagic effects on 3-NP-damaged striatal cells and promoted the behavioral outcome.
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Song L, Piao Z, Yao L, Zhang L, Lu Y. Schisandrin ameliorates cognitive deficits, endoplasmic reticulum stress and neuroinflammation in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced Alzheimer's disease rats. Exp Anim 2020; 69:363-373. [PMID: 32336744 PMCID: PMC7445059 DOI: 10.1538/expanim.19-0146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Schisandrin, an active component extracted from Schisandra chinensis (Turcz.) Baill has
been reported to alleviate the cognitive impairment in neurodegenerative disorder like
Alzheimer’s disease (AD). However, the mechanism by which schisandrin regulates the
cognitive decline is still unclear. In our study, intracerebroventricular injection of
streptozotocin (STZ) was employed to establish AD model in male Wistar rats, and indicated
dose of schisandrin was further administered. The Morris water maze test was performed to
evaluate the ability of learning and memory in rats with schisandrin treatment. The
results indicated that schisandrin improved the capacity of cognition in STZ-induced rats.
The contents of pro-inflammatory cytokines in brain tissue were determined by ELISA, and
the expressions of these cytokines were assessed by western-blot and immunohistochemistry.
The results showed that treatment of schisandrin significantly reduced the production of
inflammation mediators including tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1β and
interleukin-6. Further study suggested a remarkable decrease in the expressions of ER
stress maker proteins like C/EBP-homologous protein, glucose-regulated protein 78 and
cleaved caspase-12 in the presence of schisandrin, meanwhile the up-regulation of sirtuin
1 (SIRT1) was also observed in the same group. Additionally, the results of western-blot
and EMSA demonstrated that schisandrin inhibited NF-κB signaling in the brain of
STZ-induced rats. In conclusion, schisandrin ameliorated STZ-induced cognitive
dysfunction, ER stress and neuroinflammation which may be associated with up-regulation of
SIRT1. Our study provides novel mechanisms for the neuroprotective effect of schisandrin
in AD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Song
- School of Life Sciences, Huizhou University, 46 Yanda Avenue, Huizhou, Guangdong 516007, P.R. China
| | - Zhongyuan Piao
- Department of Neurology, Huizhou Third People's Hospital, Huizhou Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, 1 Xuebei Street, Huizhou, Guangdong 516002, P.R. China
| | - Lifen Yao
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 23 Youzheng Street, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P.R. China
| | - Limei Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Huizhou Third People's Hospital, Huizhou Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, 1 Xuebei Street, Huizhou, Guangdong 516002, P.R. China
| | - Yichan Lu
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Dalian Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, 321 Jiefang Road, Dalian, Liaoning 116033, People's Republic of China
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