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Khan SU, Fatima K, Aisha S, Malik F. Unveiling the mechanisms and challenges of cancer drug resistance. Cell Commun Signal 2024; 22:109. [PMID: 38347575 PMCID: PMC10860306 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-023-01302-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer treatment faces many hurdles and resistance is one among them. Anti-cancer treatment strategies are evolving due to innate and acquired resistance capacity, governed by genetic, epigenetic, proteomic, metabolic, or microenvironmental cues that ultimately enable selected cancer cells to survive and progress under unfavorable conditions. Although the mechanism of drug resistance is being widely studied to generate new target-based drugs with better potency than existing ones. However, due to the broader flexibility in acquired drug resistance, advanced therapeutic options with better efficacy need to be explored. Combination therapy is an alternative with a better success rate though the risk of amplified side effects is commonplace. Moreover, recent groundbreaking precision immune therapy is one of the ways to overcome drug resistance and has revolutionized anticancer therapy to a greater extent with the only limitation of being individual-specific and needs further attention. This review will focus on the challenges and strategies opted by cancer cells to withstand the current therapies at the molecular level and also highlights the emerging therapeutic options -like immunological, and stem cell-based options that may prove to have better potential to challenge the existing problem of therapy resistance. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sameer Ullah Khan
- Division of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
- Division of Cancer Pharmacology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Srinagar-190005, Jammu and Kashmir, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad-201002, India.
| | - Kaneez Fatima
- Division of Cancer Pharmacology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Srinagar-190005, Jammu and Kashmir, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad-201002, India
| | - Shariqa Aisha
- Division of Cancer Pharmacology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Srinagar-190005, Jammu and Kashmir, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad-201002, India
| | - Fayaz Malik
- Division of Cancer Pharmacology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Srinagar-190005, Jammu and Kashmir, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad-201002, India.
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Amniouel S, Jafri MS. High-accuracy prediction of colorectal cancer chemotherapy efficacy using machine learning applied to gene expression data. Front Physiol 2024; 14:1272206. [PMID: 38304289 PMCID: PMC10830836 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1272206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction: FOLFOX and FOLFIRI chemotherapy are considered standard first-line treatment options for colorectal cancer (CRC). However, the criteria for selecting the appropriate treatments have not been thoroughly analyzed. Methods: A newly developed machine learning model was applied on several gene expression data from the public repository GEO database to identify molecular signatures predictive of efficacy of 5-FU based combination chemotherapy (FOLFOX and FOLFIRI) in patients with CRC. The model was trained using 5-fold cross validation and multiple feature selection methods including LASSO and VarSelRF methods. Random Forest and support vector machine classifiers were applied to evaluate the performance of the models. Results and Discussion: For the CRC GEO dataset samples from patients who received either FOLFOX or FOLFIRI, validation and test sets were >90% correctly classified (accuracy), with specificity and sensitivity ranging between 85%-95%. In the datasets used from the GEO database, 28.6% of patients who failed the treatment therapy they received are predicted to benefit from the alternative treatment. Analysis of the gene signature suggests the mechanistic difference between colorectal cancers that respond and those that do not respond to FOLFOX and FOLFIRI. Application of this machine learning approach could lead to improvements in treatment outcomes for patients with CRC and other cancers after additional appropriate clinical validation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soukaina Amniouel
- School of Systems Biology, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, United States
| | - Mohsin Saleet Jafri
- School of Systems Biology, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, United States
- Center for Biomedical Engineering and Technology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
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Kmiołek T, Filipowicz G, Bogucka D, Wajda A, Ejma-Multański A, Stypińska B, Modzelewska E, Kaliberda Y, Radkowski M, Targowski T, Wrona J, Paradowska-Gorycka A. Aging and the impact of global DNA methylation, telomere shortening, and total oxidative status on sarcopenia and frailty syndrome. Immun Ageing 2023; 20:61. [PMID: 37964387 PMCID: PMC10644469 DOI: 10.1186/s12979-023-00384-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
Aging is a biological event that influences many organs and systems. Both sarcopenia and frailty syndrome refer to geriatric conditions with overlapping phenotypes. Many mechanisms are involved in the aging process such as DNA methylation telomeres which are susceptible to oxidative stress, and inflammations which result in telomere shortening, leading to chromosomal instability. The study aimed to determine the associations between these processes, frailty and sarcopenia syndrome. Global DNA methylation was analyzed using the ELISA method. Telomere length was analyzed using qPCR. Total oxidative status (TOS) was analyzed using a colorimetric method. The present study revealed that the main factor affecting methylation, telomeres length and level of total oxidant stress was age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Kmiołek
- Department of Molecular Biology, National Institute of Geriatrics, Rheumatology and Rehabilitation, 02-637, Warsawm, Poland.
| | - Gabriela Filipowicz
- Department of Molecular Biology, National Institute of Geriatrics, Rheumatology and Rehabilitation, 02-637, Warsawm, Poland
| | - Diana Bogucka
- Department of Molecular Biology, National Institute of Geriatrics, Rheumatology and Rehabilitation, 02-637, Warsawm, Poland
| | - Anna Wajda
- Department of Molecular Biology, National Institute of Geriatrics, Rheumatology and Rehabilitation, 02-637, Warsawm, Poland
| | - Adam Ejma-Multański
- Department of Molecular Biology, National Institute of Geriatrics, Rheumatology and Rehabilitation, 02-637, Warsawm, Poland
| | - Barbara Stypińska
- Department of Molecular Biology, National Institute of Geriatrics, Rheumatology and Rehabilitation, 02-637, Warsawm, Poland
| | - Ewa Modzelewska
- Department of Molecular Biology, National Institute of Geriatrics, Rheumatology and Rehabilitation, 02-637, Warsawm, Poland
| | - Yana Kaliberda
- Department of Molecular Biology, National Institute of Geriatrics, Rheumatology and Rehabilitation, 02-637, Warsawm, Poland
| | - Marcin Radkowski
- Department of Pathophysiology and Immunology, National Institute of Geriatrics, Rheumatology and Rehabilitation, 02-637, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Tomasz Targowski
- Department of Pathophysiology and Immunology, National Institute of Geriatrics, Rheumatology and Rehabilitation, 02-637, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Julia Wrona
- Collegium Medicum University of Jan Kochanowski, 25-317, Kielce, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Paradowska-Gorycka
- Department of Molecular Biology, National Institute of Geriatrics, Rheumatology and Rehabilitation, 02-637, Warsawm, Poland
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Filipowicz G, Wajda A, Stypińska B, Kmiołek T, Felis-Giemza A, Stańczyk S, Czuszyńska Z, Walczyk M, Olesińska M, Paradowska-Gorycka A. Mixed Connective Tissue Disease as Different Entity: Global Methylation Aspect. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15495. [PMID: 37895173 PMCID: PMC10607312 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242015495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Mixed connective tissue disease (MCTD) is a very rare disorder that belongs in the rare and clinically multifactorial groups of diseases. The pathogenesis of MCTD is still unclear. The best understood epigenetic alteration is DNA methylation whose role is to regulate gene expression. In the literature, there are ever-increasing assumptions that DNA methylation can be one of the possible reasons for the development of Autoimmune Connective Tissue Diseases (ACTDs) such as systemic sclerosis (SSc) and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). The aim of this study was to define the global DNA methylation changes between MCTD and other ACTDs patients in whole blood samples. The study included 54 MCTD patients, 43 SSc patients, 45 SLE patients, and 43 healthy donors (HC). The global DNA methylation level was measured by ELISA. Although the global DNA methylation was not significantly different between MCTD and control, we observed that hypomethylation distinguishes the MCTD patients from the SSc and SLE patients. The present analysis revealed a statistically significant difference of global methylation between SLE and MCTD (p < 0.001), SLE and HC (p = 0.008), SSc and MCTD (p ≤ 0.001), and SSc and HC (p < 0.001), but neither between MCTD and HC (p = 0.09) nor SSc and SLE (p = 0.08). The highest % of global methylation (median, IQR) has been observed in the group of patients with SLE [0.73 (0.43, 1.22] and SSc [0,91 (0.59, 1.50)], whereas in the MCTD [0.29 (0.20, 0.54)], patients and healthy subjects [0.51 (0.24, 0.70)] were comparable. In addition, our study provided evidence of different levels of global DNA methylation between the SSc subtypes (p = 0.01). Our study showed that patients with limited SSc had a significantly higher global methylation level when compared to diffuse SSc. Our data has shown that the level of global DNA methylation may not be a good diagnostic marker to distinguish MCTD from other ACTDs. Our research provides the groundwork for a more detailed examination of the significance of global DNA methylation as a distinguishing factor in patients with MCTD compared to other ACTDs patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Filipowicz
- Department of Molecular Biology, National Institute of Geriatrics, Rheumatology and Rehabilitation, Spartanska 1, 02-637 Warsaw, Poland; (G.F.)
| | - Anna Wajda
- Department of Molecular Biology, National Institute of Geriatrics, Rheumatology and Rehabilitation, Spartanska 1, 02-637 Warsaw, Poland; (G.F.)
| | - Barbara Stypińska
- Department of Molecular Biology, National Institute of Geriatrics, Rheumatology and Rehabilitation, Spartanska 1, 02-637 Warsaw, Poland; (G.F.)
| | - Tomasz Kmiołek
- Department of Molecular Biology, National Institute of Geriatrics, Rheumatology and Rehabilitation, Spartanska 1, 02-637 Warsaw, Poland; (G.F.)
| | - Anna Felis-Giemza
- Biologic Therapy Center, National Institute of Geriatrics, Rheumatology and Rehabilitation, Spartanska 1, 02-637 Warsaw, Poland (S.S.)
| | - Sandra Stańczyk
- Biologic Therapy Center, National Institute of Geriatrics, Rheumatology and Rehabilitation, Spartanska 1, 02-637 Warsaw, Poland (S.S.)
| | - Zenobia Czuszyńska
- Department of Rheumatology, Clinical Immunology, Geriatrics and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, Smulochowskiego 17, 80-214 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Marcela Walczyk
- Department of Connective Tissue Diseases, National Institute of Geriatrics, Rheumatology and Rehabilitation, Spartanska 1, 02-637 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marzena Olesińska
- Department of Connective Tissue Diseases, National Institute of Geriatrics, Rheumatology and Rehabilitation, Spartanska 1, 02-637 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Paradowska-Gorycka
- Department of Molecular Biology, National Institute of Geriatrics, Rheumatology and Rehabilitation, Spartanska 1, 02-637 Warsaw, Poland; (G.F.)
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Thonghlueng J, Ngernpimai S, Chuaephon A, Phanchai W, Wiwasuku T, Wanna Y, Wiratchawa K, Intharah T, Thanan R, Sakonsinsiri C, Puangmali T. Dual-Responsive Carbon Quantum Dots for the Simultaneous Detection of Cytosine and 5-Methylcytosine Interpreted by a Machine Learning-Assisted Smartphone. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:40141-40152. [PMID: 37585565 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c00785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
DNA methylation is an epigenetic alteration that results in 5-methylcytosine (5-mC) through the addition of a methyl group to the fifth carbon of a cytosine (C) residue. The methylation level, the ratio of 5-mC to C, in urine might be related to the whole-body epigenetic status and the occurrence of common cancers. To date, never before have any nanomaterials been developed to simultaneously determine C and 5-mC in urine samples. Herein, a dual-responsive fluorescent sensor for the urinary detection of C and 5-mC has been developed. This assay relied on changes in the optical properties of nitrogen-doped carbon quantum dots (CQDs) prepared by microwave-assisted pyrolysis. In the presence of C, the blue-shifted fluorescence intensity of the CQDs increased. However, fluorescence quenching was observed upon the addition of 5-mC. This was primarily due to photoinduced electron transfer as confirmed by the density functional theory calculation. In urine samples, our sensitive fluorescent sensor had detection limits for C and 5-mC of 43.4 and 74.4 μM, respectively, and achieved satisfactory recoveries ranging from 103.5 to 115.8%. The simultaneous detection of C and 5-mC leads to effective methylation level detection, achieving recoveries in the range of 104.6-109.5%. Besides, a machine learning-enabled smartphone was also developed, which can be effectively applied to the determination of methylation levels (0-100%). These results demonstrate a simple but very effective approach for detecting the methylation level in urine, which could have significant implications for predicting the clinical prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janpen Thonghlueng
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Sawinee Ngernpimai
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Adulvit Chuaephon
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Witthawat Phanchai
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Theanchai Wiwasuku
- Functional Materials and Nanotechnology Center of Excellence, School of Science, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80160, Thailand
| | - Yupaporn Wanna
- Department of Statistics, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Kannika Wiratchawa
- Department of Statistics, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Thanapong Intharah
- Department of Statistics, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Raynoo Thanan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Chadamas Sakonsinsiri
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Theerapong Puangmali
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
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6
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Badr D, Fouad MA, Hussein M, Salem S, Zekri A, Shouman S. Rebound increase in microRNA levels at the end of 5-FU-based therapy in colorectal cancer patients. Sci Rep 2023; 13:14237. [PMID: 37648713 PMCID: PMC10469181 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-41030-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Treatment with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) based therapy is still used for colorectal cancer (CRC). Epigenetics has become a focus of study in cancer because of its reversibility besides its known regulatory functions. In this study, we will monitor the change in microRNAs (miRNAs) levels with 5-FU-based therapy at baseline and after 3 and 6 months of treatment to be correlated with their prognostic potential. The expression levels of 5 miRNAs, namely miRNA223-3p, miRNA20a-5p, miRNA17-5p, miRNA19a-3p, and miRNA7-5p, were measured in the peripheral blood of 77 CRC patients, along with the expression of 3 proteins PTEN, ERK, and EGFR. At baseline, CRC patients had significantly higher levels of circulating miRNAs than healthy controls. This level was reduced after 3 months of 5-FU-based therapy, then increased after 6 months significantly in responder patients compared to non-responders. MiRNA19a-3p showed that significant pattern of change in the subgroups of patients with high ERK, EGFR, and PTEN protein levels, and its 6 months level after 5-FU-based therapy showed significance for the hazard of increased risk of disease recurrence and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doaa Badr
- Pharmacology and Experimental Oncology Unit, Cancer Biology Department, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mariam A Fouad
- Cancer Signaling and Microenvironment Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center. 333 Cottman Avenue, Philadelphia, PA, 19111, USA.
| | - Marwa Hussein
- Medical Oncology Department, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Salem Salem
- Medical Oncology Department, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Abdelrahman Zekri
- Virology and Immunology Unit, Cancer Biology Department, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Samia Shouman
- Pharmacology and Experimental Oncology Unit, Cancer Biology Department, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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He R, Feng X, Yang K, Zhou X, Li W, Zeng J. Construction of a 5-methylcytosine-Related Molecular Signature to Inform the Prognosis and Immunotherapy of Lung Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2022; 22:905-913. [PMID: 36197838 DOI: 10.1080/14737159.2022.2131396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Methylation of cytosine residues resulting in 5-methylcytosine (5-mC) is an important epigenetic modification associated with tumorigenesis. The present study explored the relationship between methylation, prognosis, and immunotherapy of patients suffering from lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC). METHODS RNA sequencing data and corresponding clinical information were downloaded, and preprocessed, and unsupervised consistent cluster analysis was used to identify 5-mC-related clusters and gene clusters. 5-mC scores were calculated using principal component analysis, and a Boruta algorithm was used to evaluate the relationship between tumor mutation burden (TMB), immune checkpoint inhibitor response, and prognosis of individual LUSC patients. RESULTS : Two 5-mC clusters and three gene clusters with different prognoses were identified. Patients with higher 5-mC scores showed worse prognoses, which was confirmed in multiple cohorts. Some immune-related biological functions and pathways were enriched in the high-5-mC score subtype. CONCLUSION The 5-mC score is a potential biomarker independent of TMB, which can be a decisive factor regarding immune treatment responses. Further, patients with low 5-mC scores may respond better to immunotherapy. The 5-mC score can thus be used as a potential biomarker for the prognosis of LUSC patients and their response to immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong He
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Clinical Medical College and the First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaoli Feng
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Clinical Medical College and the First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Kai Yang
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Clinical Medical College and the First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiafei Zhou
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Clinical Medical College and the First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Wancheng Li
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Clinical Medical College and the First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jun Zeng
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Clinical Medical College and the First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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Untargeted Metabolomics Showed Accumulation of One-Carbon Metabolites to Facilitate DNA Methylation during Extracellular Matrix Detachment of Cancer Cells. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12030267. [PMID: 35323710 PMCID: PMC8951017 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12030267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor cells detached from the extracellular matrix (ECM) undergo anoikis resistance and metabolic reprogramming to facilitate cancer cell survival and promote metastasis. During ECM detachment, cancer cells utilize genomic methylation to regulate transcriptional events. One-carbon (1C) metabolism is a well-known contributor of SAM, a global substrate for methylation reactions, especially DNA methylation. DNA methylation-mediated repression of NK cell ligands MICA and MICB during ECM detachment has been overlooked. In the current work, we quantitated the impact of ECM detachment on one-carbon metabolites, expression of 1C regulatory pathway genes, and total methylation levels. Our results showed that ECM detachment promotes the accumulation of one-carbon metabolites and induces regulatory pathway genes and total DNA methylation. Furthermore, we measured the expression of well-known targets of DNA methylation in NK cell ligands in cancer cells, namely, MICA/B, during ECM detachment and observed low expression compared to ECM-attached cancer cells. Finally, we treated the ECM-detached cancer cells with vitamin C (a global methylation inhibitor) and observed a reduction in the promoter methylation of NK cell ligands, resulting in MICA/B re-expression. Treatment with vitamin C was also found to reduce global DNA methylation levels in ECM-detached cancer cells.
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9
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Shyamala N, Kongettira CL, Puranam K, Kupsal K, Kummari R, Padala C, Hanumanth SR. In silico identification of single nucleotide variations at CpG sites regulating CpG island existence and size. Sci Rep 2022; 12:3574. [PMID: 35246549 PMCID: PMC8897451 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-05198-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic and epigenetic modifications of genes involved in the key regulatory pathways play a significant role in the pathophysiology and progression of multifactorial diseases. The present study is an attempt to identify single nucleotide variations (SNVs) at CpG sites of promoters of ACAT1, APOB, APOE, CYBA, FAS, FLT1, KSR2, LDLR, MMP9, PCSK9, PHOX2A, REST, SH2B3, SORT1 and TIMP1 genes influencing CpG island (CGI) existence and size associated with the pathophysiology of Diabetes mellitus, Coronary artery disease and Cancers. Promoter sequences located between -2000 to + 2000 bp were retrieved from the EPDnew database and predicted the CpG island using MethPrimer. Further, SNVs at CpG sites were accessed from NCBI, Ensembl while transcription factor (TF) binding sites were accessed using AliBaba2.1. CGI existence and size were determined for each SNV at CpG site with respect to wild type and variant allele by MethPrimer. A total of 200 SNVs at CpG sites were analyzed from the promoters of ACAT1, APOB, APOE, CYBA, FAS, FLT1, KSR2, LDLR, MMP9, PCSK9, PHOX2A, REST, SH2B3, SORT1 and TIMP1 genes. Of these, only 17 (8.5%) SNVs were found to influence the loss of CGI while 70 (35%) SNVs were found to reduce the size of CGI. It has also been found that 59% (10) of CGI abolishing SNVs are showing differences in binding of TFs. The findings of the study suggest that the candidate SNVs at CpG sites regulating CGI existence and size might influence the DNA methylation status and expression of genes involved in molecular pathways associated with several diseases. The insights of the present study may pave the way for new experimental studies to undertake challenges in DNA methylation, gene expression and protein assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nivas Shyamala
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, University College of Science, Osmania University, Hyderabad, 500007, Telangana State, India
| | - Chaitra Lava Kongettira
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, University College of Science, Osmania University, Hyderabad, 500007, Telangana State, India
| | - Kaushik Puranam
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, University College of Science, Osmania University, Hyderabad, 500007, Telangana State, India
| | - Keerthi Kupsal
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, University College of Science, Osmania University, Hyderabad, 500007, Telangana State, India
| | - Ramanjaneyulu Kummari
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, University College of Science, Osmania University, Hyderabad, 500007, Telangana State, India
| | - Chiranjeevi Padala
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, University College of Science, Osmania University, Hyderabad, 500007, Telangana State, India
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, 500046, Telangana State, India
| | - Surekha Rani Hanumanth
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, University College of Science, Osmania University, Hyderabad, 500007, Telangana State, India.
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10
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Fang X, Miao C, Zeng T, Chu W, Zheng Y, Sun X, Yin X, Li Y. Role of m 5 C RNA methylation regulators in colorectal cancer prognosis and immune microenvironment. J Clin Lab Anal 2022; 36:e24303. [PMID: 35212022 PMCID: PMC8993619 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.24303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 02/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background RNA modification has become one of the hot topics of research as it can be used for tumor prognosis. However, its role in various biological processes is still poorly understood. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of m5C and m1A regulators on colorectal cancer prognosis using bioinformatics tools. The association between these regulators and differences in patient survival as well as the clinicopathological characteristics and tumor immune microenvironment in colorectal cancer tissues were assessed. Methods We selected publicly available colorectal cancer data sets from The Cancer Genome Atlas and used the “limma” package in R to identify differentially expressed genes. The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression model was used to calculate the prognostic risk, and a risk prediction model was constructed, to help assess the prognostic values of the differentially expressed genes. Finally, using TISCH and TIMER, we assessed the extent of cellular infiltration in colorectal cancer. Results We explored NSUN6 and DNMT3A expression using UALCAN and HPA and found that their expression is significantly increased in colorectal cancer tissues and correlated with sex and TP53 mutation status. Moreover, we found NSUN6 and DNMT3A were related to the infiltration of six major immune cells, with DNMT3A being closely related to dendritic cells, CD4+ T cells, and B cells, whereas NSUN6 to B cells and CD8+ T cells. Conclusion Our findings suggest that m5C regulators can predict the clinical prognostic risk and regulate the tumor immune microenvironment in colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojie Fang
- Department of Anorectal Surgery, Hangzhou TCM Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chenyun Miao
- Department of TCM Gynecology, Hangzhou TCM Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tianni Zeng
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hangzhou TCM Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Weijian Chu
- Department of Anorectal Surgery, Hangzhou TCM Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yi Zheng
- Department of Anorectal Surgery, Hangzhou TCM Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xi Sun
- Department of Anorectal Surgery, Hangzhou TCM Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xin Yin
- Department of Anorectal Surgery, Hangzhou TCM Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yanyan Li
- Department of Anorectal Surgery, Hangzhou TCM Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
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Lucknuch T, Praihirunkit P. Evaluation of Age-associated DNA Methylation Markers in Colorectal Cancer of Thai Population. FORENSIC SCIENCE INTERNATIONAL: REPORTS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fsir.2022.100265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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12
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Azwar S, Seow HF, Abdullah M, Faisal Jabar M, Mohtarrudin N. Recent Updates on Mechanisms of Resistance to 5-Fluorouracil and Reversal Strategies in Colon Cancer Treatment. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:854. [PMID: 34571731 PMCID: PMC8466833 DOI: 10.3390/biology10090854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) plus leucovorin (LV) remain as the mainstay standard adjuvant chemotherapy treatment for early stage colon cancer, and the preferred first-line option for metastatic colon cancer patients in combination with oxaliplatin in FOLFOX, or irinotecan in FOLFIRI regimens. Despite treatment success to a certain extent, the incidence of chemotherapy failure attributed to chemotherapy resistance is still reported in many patients. This resistance, which can be defined by tumor tolerance against chemotherapy, either intrinsic or acquired, is primarily driven by the dysregulation of various components in distinct pathways. In recent years, it has been established that the incidence of 5-FU resistance, akin to multidrug resistance, can be attributed to the alterations in drug transport, evasion of apoptosis, changes in the cell cycle and DNA-damage repair machinery, regulation of autophagy, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, cancer stem cell involvement, tumor microenvironment interactions, miRNA dysregulations, epigenetic alterations, as well as redox imbalances. Certain resistance mechanisms that are 5-FU-specific have also been ascertained to include the upregulation of thymidylate synthase, dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase, methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase, and the downregulation of thymidine phosphorylase. Indeed, the successful modulation of these mechanisms have been the game plan of numerous studies that had employed small molecule inhibitors, plant-based small molecules, and non-coding RNA regulators to effectively reverse 5-FU resistance in colon cancer cells. It is hoped that these studies would provide fundamental knowledge to further our understanding prior developing novel drugs in the near future that would synergistically work with 5-FU to potentiate its antitumor effects and improve the patient's overall survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shamin Azwar
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia; (S.A.); (H.F.S.); (M.A.)
| | - Heng Fong Seow
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia; (S.A.); (H.F.S.); (M.A.)
| | - Maha Abdullah
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia; (S.A.); (H.F.S.); (M.A.)
| | - Mohd Faisal Jabar
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia;
| | - Norhafizah Mohtarrudin
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia; (S.A.); (H.F.S.); (M.A.)
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13
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Fouad MA, Salem SE, Osman AS, Badr DM, Hussein MM, Zekri AN, Hafez HF, Kamel MM, Shouman SA. Fluoropyrimdine therapy induced alterations in interleukins expression in colorectal cancer patients. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2021; 35:20587384211008332. [PMID: 33832346 PMCID: PMC8040557 DOI: 10.1177/20587384211008332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
This study monitored the changes in the expression of inflammatory IL-6 and IL-1β during the treatment period of Fluoropyrimidine (FP) based therapy. RNA was extracted from the peripheral blood of 102 CRC patients before treatment with FP therapy, and from 48 and 32 patients after 3 and 6 months of treatment, respectively. The genetic transcription of IL-6 and IL-1β was determined by real time PCR. Patients were stratified according to their levels of IL-6 and IL-1β genes expression for subgroup and survival analyses. Baseline CRC patients showed overexpression of IL-6 and IL-1β compared to healthy control. FP therapy significantly induced IL-6 and IL-1β expression. Subgroup analysis showed that patients with right colon tumors had significant elevation in both IL-6 and IL-1β with FP therapy. FP therapy significantly induced IL-1β expression in patients ⩽45 years, smokers, with high baseline level of CA19.9, right colon tumors, low grade pathology, T3 tumors and positive lymph nodes. Survival analysis showed that baseline levels of interleukins expression had insignificant effect on overall survival and event free survival. FP therapy has an impact on the level of interleukins expression declared in certain clinicopathological subgroups of CRC patients, but without a prognostic significance on patients' survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariam A Fouad
- Pharmacology and Experimental Oncology Unit, Cancer Biology Department, National Cancer Institute, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Salem E Salem
- Medical Oncology Department, National Cancer Institute, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Afaf S Osman
- Medical Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Doaa M Badr
- Pharmacology and Experimental Oncology Unit, Cancer Biology Department, National Cancer Institute, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Marwa M Hussein
- Medical Oncology Department, National Cancer Institute, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Abdelrahman N Zekri
- Virology and Immunology Unit, Cancer Biology Department, National Cancer Institute, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hafez F Hafez
- Pharmacology and Experimental Oncology Unit, Cancer Biology Department, National Cancer Institute, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud M Kamel
- Clinical Pathology Department, National Cancer Institute, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Samia A Shouman
- Pharmacology and Experimental Oncology Unit, Cancer Biology Department, National Cancer Institute, Cairo, Egypt
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14
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Song N, Hsu CW, Pan H, Zheng Y, Hou L, Sim JA, Li Z, Mulder H, Easton J, Walker E, Neale G, Wilson CL, Ness KK, Krull KR, Srivastava DK, Yasui Y, Zhang J, Hudson MM, Robison LL, Huang IC, Wang Z. Persistent variations of blood DNA methylation associated with treatment exposures and risk for cardiometabolic outcomes in long-term survivors of childhood cancer in the St. Jude Lifetime Cohort. Genome Med 2021; 13:53. [PMID: 33823916 PMCID: PMC8025387 DOI: 10.1186/s13073-021-00875-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is well-established that cancer treatment substantially increases the risk of long-term adverse health outcomes among childhood cancer survivors. However, there is limited research on the underlying mechanisms. To elucidate the pathophysiology and a possible causal pathway from treatment exposures to cardiometabolic conditions, we conducted epigenome-wide association studies (EWAS) to identify the DNA methylation (DNAm) sites associated with cancer treatment exposures and examined whether treatment-associated DNAm sites mediate associations between specific treatments and cardiometabolic conditions. METHODS We included 2052 survivors (median age 33.7 years) of European ancestry from the St. Jude Lifetime Cohort Study, a retrospective hospital-based study with prospective clinical follow-up. Cumulative doses of chemotherapy and region-specific radiation were abstracted from medical records. Seven cardiometabolic conditions were clinically assessed. DNAm profile was measured using MethylationEPIC BeadChip with blood-derived DNA. RESULTS By performing multiple treatment-specific EWAS, we identified 935 5'-cytosine-phosphate-guanine-3' (CpG) sites mapped to 538 genes/regions associated with one or more cancer treatments at the epigenome-wide significance level (p < 9 × 10-8). Among the treatment-associated CpGs, 8 were associated with obesity, 63 with hypercholesterolemia, and 17 with hypertriglyceridemia (false discovery rate-adjusted p < 0.05). We observed substantial mediation by methylation at four independent CpGs (cg06963130, cg21922478, cg22976567, cg07403981) for the association between abdominal field radiotherapy (abdominal-RT) and risk of hypercholesterolemia (70.3%) and by methylation at three CpGs (cg19634849, cg13552692, cg09853238) for the association between abdominal-RT and hypertriglyceridemia (54.6%). In addition, three CpGs (cg26572901, cg12715065, cg21163477) partially mediated the association between brain-RT and obesity with a 32.9% mediation effect, and two CpGs mediated the association between corticosteroids and obesity (cg22351187, 14.2%) and between brain-RT and hypertriglyceridemia (cg13360224, 10.5%). Notably, several mediator CpGs reside in the proximity of well-established dyslipidemia genes: cg21922478 (ITGA1) and cg22976567 (LMNA). CONCLUSIONS In childhood cancer survivors, cancer treatment exposures are associated with DNAm patterns present decades following the exposure. Treatment-associated DNAm sites may mediate the causal pathway from specific treatment exposures to certain cardiometabolic conditions, suggesting the utility of DNAm sites as risk predictors and potential mechanistic targets for future intervention studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Song
- Department of Epidemiology and Cancer Control, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, MS 735, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
- Department of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Chia-Wei Hsu
- Department of Biostatistics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Haitao Pan
- Department of Biostatistics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Yinan Zheng
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Lifang Hou
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jin-Ah Sim
- Department of Epidemiology and Cancer Control, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, MS 735, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
| | - Zhenghong Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Cancer Control, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, MS 735, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
| | - Heather Mulder
- Department of Computational Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - John Easton
- Department of Computational Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Emily Walker
- Hartwell Center, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Geoffrey Neale
- Hartwell Center, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Carmen L Wilson
- Department of Epidemiology and Cancer Control, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, MS 735, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
| | - Kirsten K Ness
- Department of Epidemiology and Cancer Control, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, MS 735, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
| | - Kevin R Krull
- Department of Epidemiology and Cancer Control, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, MS 735, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
| | - Deo Kumar Srivastava
- Department of Biostatistics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Yutaka Yasui
- Department of Epidemiology and Cancer Control, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, MS 735, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
| | - Jinghui Zhang
- Department of Computational Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Melissa M Hudson
- Department of Epidemiology and Cancer Control, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, MS 735, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
- Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Leslie L Robison
- Department of Epidemiology and Cancer Control, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, MS 735, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
| | - I-Chan Huang
- Department of Epidemiology and Cancer Control, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, MS 735, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
| | - Zhaoming Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Cancer Control, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, MS 735, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA.
- Department of Computational Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA.
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15
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Fouad MA, Salem SE, Hussien MM, Badr DM, Zekri AN, Hafez HF, Shouman SA. The Clinical Significance of Promoter Methylation of Fluoropyrimidine Metabolizing and Cyclooxygenase Genes in Colorectal Cancer. Epigenet Insights 2021; 14:2516865720986231. [PMID: 33644686 PMCID: PMC7890744 DOI: 10.1177/2516865720986231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS This study investigated the impact of promoter methylation of flouropyrimidine (FP) metabolizing and cyclooxygenase 2 (COX2) genes on their mRNA expression and on the clinical outcome of colorectal cancer (CRC) patients. METHODS Methylation specific-PCR and real time-PCR of thymidylate synthase (TS), thymidine phosphorylase (TP), dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) and COX2 were performed at baseline and after 3 and 6 months of FP therapy. Pairwise comparisons were conducted between the subgroups of CRC patients. The event free survival (EFS) and the hazard of progression were estimated by univariate and multivariate analyses. RESULTS At baseline CRC patients, both TS and TP were overexpressed, in spite of the unmethylation of TS and the full methylation of TP genes. Significant downexpression of DPD and COX2 were associated their promoter's methylation. At the end of FP therapy, TS, DPD and COX2 were overexpressed by 7.52, 2.88 and 3.45 folds, respectively, while TP was downexpressed by 0.54 fold. However, no change was observed in the methylation status of genes with FP therapy. Pairwise comparisons revealed significant difference in the expression and the methylation status of genes according to the clinicopathological characters of CRC patients either at baseline or after FP therapy. The overexpression of DPD and COX2 genes were indicators for a poor EFS of CRC patients. Also, the high level of COX2 expression was found to be significantly correlated with the hazard of progression (HR = 1.73, 95% CI = 1.02-3.03). CONCLUSION The promoter methylation of FP metabolizing and COX2 genes has significant impact on the expression and the treatment outcome of CRC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariam Ahmed Fouad
- Pharmacology and Experimental Oncology Unit, Cancer Biology Department, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Egypt
| | - Salem Eid Salem
- Medical Oncology Department, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Egypt
| | - Marwa M. Hussien
- Medical Oncology Department, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Egypt
| | - Doaa Mohamed Badr
- Pharmacology and Experimental Oncology Unit, Cancer Biology Department, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Egypt
| | - Abdelrahman N. Zekri
- Virology and Immunology Unit, Cancer Biology Department, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Egypt
| | - Hafez Farouk Hafez
- Pharmacology and Experimental Oncology Unit, Cancer Biology Department, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Egypt
| | - Samia A. Shouman
- Pharmacology and Experimental Oncology Unit, Cancer Biology Department, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Egypt
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16
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Iftode A, Drăghici GA, Macașoi I, Marcovici I, Coricovac DE, Dragoi R, Tischer A, Kovatsi L, Tsatsakis AM, Cretu O, Dehelean C. Exposure to cadmium and copper triggers cytotoxic effects and epigenetic changes in human colorectal carcinoma HT-29 cells. Exp Ther Med 2020; 21:100. [PMID: 33363611 PMCID: PMC7725023 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2020.9532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent scientific evidence suggests a link between epigenetic changes (DNA methylation) and tumorigenesis. Moreover, a potential carcinogenic mechanism of cadmium was associated with changes in DNA methylation. In this study we investigated the impact of CdCl2 and CuSO4 aqueous solutions on DNA methylation in HT-29 cells by quantifying DNA methyltransferase (DNMT1, DNMT3A and DNMT3B) mRNA expression. Furthermore, we also studied the cytotoxic and anti-migratory potential of these substances. The results showed a dose-dependent decrease of viable cell percentage following 24 h of exposure (at concentrations of 0.05; 0.2; 1; 10 and 100 µg/ml), and an inhibitory effect on HT-29 cell migration capacity. In addition, RT-qPCR results showed that cadmium acts as a hypomethylating agent by suppressing DNMT expression, whereas copper acts as a hypermethylating compound by increasing DNMT expression. These findings suggest a cytotoxic potential of both cadmium and copper on HT-29 cells and their capacity to induce epigenetic changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrada Iftode
- Department of Toxicology and Drug Industry, Faculty of Pharmacy, 'Victor Babes' University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - George Andrei Drăghici
- Department of Toxicology and Drug Industry, Faculty of Pharmacy, 'Victor Babes' University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Ioana Macașoi
- Department of Toxicology and Drug Industry, Faculty of Pharmacy, 'Victor Babes' University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Iasmina Marcovici
- Department of Toxicology and Drug Industry, Faculty of Pharmacy, 'Victor Babes' University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Dorina E Coricovac
- Department of Toxicology and Drug Industry, Faculty of Pharmacy, 'Victor Babes' University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Razvan Dragoi
- Department of Balneology, Rehabilitation and Rheumatology, 'Victor Babes' University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Alina Tischer
- Department of Surgery I, Faculty of Medicine, 'Victor Babes' University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Leda Kovatsi
- Laboratory of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Aristidis M Tsatsakis
- Department of Forensic Sciences and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Octavian Cretu
- Department of Surgery I, Faculty of Medicine, 'Victor Babes' University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Cristina Dehelean
- Department of Toxicology and Drug Industry, Faculty of Pharmacy, 'Victor Babes' University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
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17
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Bai G, Ross H, Zhang Y, Lee K, Ro JY. The Role of DNA Methylation in Transcriptional Regulation of Pro-Nociceptive Genes in Rat Trigeminal Ganglia. Epigenet Insights 2020; 13:2516865720938677. [PMID: 32974606 PMCID: PMC7495519 DOI: 10.1177/2516865720938677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic modulation by DNA methylation is associated with aberrant gene
expression in sensory neurons, which consequently leads to pathological pain
responses. In this study, we sought to investigate whether peripheral
inflammation alters global DNA methylation in trigeminal ganglia (TG) and
results in abnormal expression of pro-nociceptive genes. Our results show that
peripheral inflammation remotely reduced the level of global DNA methylation in
rat TG with a concurrent reduction in DNMT1 and
DNMT3a expression. Using unbiased steps, we selected the
following pro-nociceptive candidate genes that are potentially regulated by DNA
methylation: TRPV1, TRPA1, P2X3, and PIEZO2.
Inhibition of DNMT with 5-Aza-dC in dissociated TG cells produced dose-dependent
upregulation of TRPV1, TRPA1, and P2X3.
Systemic treatment of animals with 5-Aza-dC significantly increased the
expression of TRPV1, TRPA1, and PIEZO2 in TG.
Furthermore, the overexpression of DNMT3a, as delivered by a lentiviral vector,
significantly downregulated TRPV1 and PIEZO2
expression and also reliably decreased TRPA1 and
P2X3 transcripts. MeDIP revealed that this overexpression
also significantly enhanced methylation of CGIs associated with
TRPV1 and TRPA1. In addition, bisulfite
sequencing data indicated that the CGI associated with TRPA1
was methylated in a pattern catalyzed by DNMT3a. Taken together, our results
show that all 4 pro-nociceptive genes are subject to epigenetic modulation via
DNA methylation, likely via DNMT3a under inflammatory conditions. These findings
provide the first evidence for the functional importance of DNA methylation as
an epigenetic factor in the transcription of pro-nociceptive genes in TG that
are implicated in pathological orofacial pain responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang Bai
- Department of Neural and Pain Sciences, University of Maryland Dental School, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Holly Ross
- Department of Neural and Pain Sciences, University of Maryland Dental School, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Youping Zhang
- Department of Neural and Pain Sciences, University of Maryland Dental School, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - KiSeok Lee
- Department of Neural and Pain Sciences, University of Maryland Dental School, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jin Y Ro
- Department of Neural and Pain Sciences, University of Maryland Dental School, Baltimore, MD, USA
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18
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Cui JJ, Wang LY, Tan ZR, Zhou HH, Zhan X, Yin JY. MASS SPECTROMETRY-BASED PERSONALIZED DRUG THERAPY. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2020; 39:523-552. [PMID: 31904155 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Personalized drug therapy aims to provide tailored treatment for individual patient. Mass spectrometry (MS) is revolutionarily involved in this area because MS is a rapid, customizable, cost-effective, and easy to be used high-throughput method with high sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy. It is driving the formation of a new field, MS-based personalized drug therapy, which currently mainly includes five subfields: therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM), pharmacogenomics (PGx), pharmacomicrobiomics, pharmacoepigenomics, and immunopeptidomics. Gas chromatography-MS (GC-MS) and liquid chromatography-MS (LC-MS) are considered as the gold standard for TDM, which can be used to optimize drug dosage. Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight-MS (MALDI-TOF-MS) significantly improves the capability of detecting biomacromolecule, and largely promotes the application of MS in PGx. It is becoming an indispensable tool for genotyping, which is used to discover and validate genetic biomarkers. In addition, MALDI-TOF-MS also plays important roles in identity of human microbiome whose diversity can explain interindividual differences of drug response. Pharmacoepigenetics is to study the role of epigenetic factors in individualized drug treatment. MS can be used to discover and validate pharmacoepigenetic markers (DNA methylation, histone modification, and noncoding RNA). For the emerging cancer immunotherapy, personalized cancer vaccine has effective immunotherapeutic activity in the clinic. MS-based immunopeptidomics can effectively discover and screen neoantigens. This article systematically reviewed MS-based personalized drug therapy in the above mentioned five subfields. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons Ltd. Mass Spec Rev.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Jia Cui
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410008, P. R. China
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, 110 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410078, P. R. China
- Engineering Research Center of Applied Technology of Pharmacogenomics, Ministry of Education, 110 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410078, P. R. China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, P. R. China
| | - Lei-Yun Wang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410008, P. R. China
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, 110 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410078, P. R. China
- Engineering Research Center of Applied Technology of Pharmacogenomics, Ministry of Education, 110 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410078, P. R. China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, P. R. China
| | - Zhi-Rong Tan
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410008, P. R. China
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, 110 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410078, P. R. China
- Engineering Research Center of Applied Technology of Pharmacogenomics, Ministry of Education, 110 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410078, P. R. China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, P. R. China
| | - Hong-Hao Zhou
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410008, P. R. China
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, 110 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410078, P. R. China
- Engineering Research Center of Applied Technology of Pharmacogenomics, Ministry of Education, 110 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410078, P. R. China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, P. R. China
| | - Xianquan Zhan
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, P. R. China
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Proteomics of Chinese Ministry of Health, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, P. R. China
- Hunan Engineering Laboratory for Structural Biology and Drug Design, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, P. R. China
- State Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Anticancer Drugs, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, P. R. China
| | - Ji-Ye Yin
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410008, P. R. China
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, 110 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410078, P. R. China
- Engineering Research Center of Applied Technology of Pharmacogenomics, Ministry of Education, 110 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410078, P. R. China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, P. R. China
- Hunan Provincial Gynecological Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment Engineering Research Center, Changsha, Hunan, 410078, P. R. China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Precise Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumor, Changsha, Hunan, 410078, P. R. China
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19
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Panchal SK, Brown L. DNA Methylation in Adipose Tissue and Metabolic Syndrome. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9092699. [PMID: 32825542 PMCID: PMC7565529 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9092699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Epigenetics is the study of heritable phenotype changes that do not involve alterations in the DNA sequence with the processes including DNA methylation, histone modifications and RNA-associated silencing [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunil K. Panchal
- School of Science, Western Sydney University, Richmond, NSW 2753, Australia;
| | - Lindsay Brown
- Functional Foods Research Group and School of Health and Wellbeing, University of Southern Queensland, Ipswich, QLD 4305, Australia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +61-7-3812-6366
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20
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Romero-Garcia S, Prado-Garcia H, Carlos-Reyes A. Role of DNA Methylation in the Resistance to Therapy in Solid Tumors. Front Oncol 2020; 10:1152. [PMID: 32850327 PMCID: PMC7426728 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.01152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the recent advances in chemotherapeutic treatments against cancer, some types of highly aggressive and invasive cancer develop drug resistance against conventional therapies, which continues to be a major problem in the fight against cancer. In recent years, studies of alterations of DNA methylome have given us a better understanding of the role of DNA methylation in the development of tumors. DNA methylation (DNAm) is an epigenetic change that promotes the covalent transfer of methyl groups to DNA. This process suppresses gene expression through the modulation of the transcription machinery access to the chromatin or through the recruitment of methyl binding proteins. DNAm is regulated mainly by DNA methyltransferases. Aberrant DNAm contributes to tumor progression, metastasis, and resistance to current anti-tumoral therapies. Aberrant DNAm may occur through hypermethylation in the promoter regions of tumor suppressor genes, which leads to their silencing, while hypomethylation in the promoter regions of oncogenes can activate them. In this review, we discuss the impact of dysregulated methylation in certain genes, which impact signaling pathways associated with apoptosis avoidance, metastasis, and resistance to therapy. The analysis of methylome has revealed patterns of global methylation, which regulate important signaling pathways involved in therapy resistance in different cancer types, such as breast, colon, and lung cancer, among other solid tumors. This analysis has provided gene-expression signatures of methylated region-specific DNA that can be used to predict the treatment outcome in response to anti-cancer therapy. Additionally, changes in cancer methylome have been associated with the acquisition of drug resistance. We also review treatments with demethylating agents that, in combination with standard therapies, seem to be encouraging, as tumors that are in early stages can be successfully treated. On the other hand, tumors that are in advanced stages can be treated with these combination schemes, which could sensitize tumor cells that are resistant to the therapy. We propose that rational strategies, which combine specific demethylating agents with conventional treatment, may improve overall survival in cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana Romero-Garcia
- Department of Chronic-Degenerative Diseases, National Institute of Respiratory Diseases "Ismael Cosío Villegas", Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Heriberto Prado-Garcia
- Department of Chronic-Degenerative Diseases, National Institute of Respiratory Diseases "Ismael Cosío Villegas", Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Angeles Carlos-Reyes
- Department of Chronic-Degenerative Diseases, National Institute of Respiratory Diseases "Ismael Cosío Villegas", Mexico City, Mexico
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21
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Chatterjee N, Jeong J, Park MS, Ha M, Cheong HK, Choi J. Cross-sectional and longitudinal associations between global DNA (hydroxy) methylation and exposure biomarkers of the Hebei Spirit oil spill cohort in Taean, Korea. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 263:114607. [PMID: 33618490 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.114607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Revised: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The Hebei Spirit oil spill (HSOS) occurred on the west coast of South Korea (Taean county) on December 7, 2007, and studies revealed that exposure to the oil spill was associated with various adverse health issues in the inhabiting population. However, no studies evaluated the association between crude-oil exposure and epigenetic changes. This study aimed to investigate the HSOS exposure-associated longitudinal and cross-sectional variations in global DNA methylation (5-mc) and/or hydroxymethylation (5-hmc) and expression profiles of related genes in Taean cohort participants from 2009 (AH-baseline) and 2014 (AH-follow-up) relative to the reference group (AL). We measured global DNA 5-mc and 5-hmc levels and related gene expression levels in whole blood. We identified significant associations between HSOS exposure and AH-baseline-5-mc, AH-baseline-5-hmc, and AH-follow-up-5-hmc. HSOS exposure was associated with lower %5-mc content and higher %5-hmc content in the same individuals from both the cross-sectional and longitudinal studies. In addition, we found a strong correlation between 5-mc and DNMT3B expression, and between 5-hmc and TET1 expression. Our findings suggested that epigenetic changes are important biomarkers for HSOS exposure and that 5-hmc is likely to be more sensitive for environmental epidemiological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nivedita Chatterjee
- School of Environmental Engineering, University of Seoul, 163 Seoulsiripdae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 02504, South Korea
| | - Jaeseong Jeong
- School of Environmental Engineering, University of Seoul, 163 Seoulsiripdae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 02504, South Korea
| | - Myung-Sook Park
- Taean Environmental Health Center, Taean, Chungnam, 32148, South Korea
| | - Mina Ha
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Dankook University College of Medicine, Cheonan, Chungnam, 31116, South Korea
| | - Hae-Kwan Cheong
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, Gyeonggi, 16419, South Korea
| | - Jinhee Choi
- School of Environmental Engineering, University of Seoul, 163 Seoulsiripdae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 02504, South Korea.
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22
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Ahmed AA, Adam Essa ME. Epigenetic alterations in female urogenital organs cancer: Premise, properties, and perspectives. SCIENTIFIC AFRICAN 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sciaf.2020.e00318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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23
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Nowak E, Sypniewski D, Bednarek I. Morin exerts anti-metastatic, anti-proliferative and anti-adhesive effect in ovarian cancer cells: an in vitro studies. Mol Biol Rep 2020; 47:1965-1978. [PMID: 32020427 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-020-05293-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The influence of morin hydrate on changes of proliferative, metastatic, and adhesive potential of human ovarian cancer cells concerning the influence of decitabine, and decitabine with trichostatin A, and in comparison to untreated cells, were analyzed. The effect of morin hydrate, decitabine, and trichostatin A were examined in A2780 and SKOV-3 ovarian cancer cell lines using MTS assay, clonogenic assay, adhesion to endothelial HMEC-1 cells, transwell migration assay and cell cycle analysis. The expression level of epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers was quantified using PCR Array in relation to the level of global methylation determined with Methylated DNA Quantification Kit. We observed statistically significant inhibition of adhesive and migratory potential of both cell lines and the accumulation of G0/G1 phase A2780 cells after treatment with morin hydrate. Our studies confirmed the influence of morin hydrate on down-regulation of genes considered as up-regulated during EMT, and up-regulation of some genes considered as down-regulated during EMT in A2780 and SKOV-3 cells. Phenotypic changes were associated with molecular changes in cells, eg. decrease of the expression level of genes associated with adhesion, and an increase of genes down-regulated during EMT, after morin hydrate treatment in comparison to untreated control cells in both cell lines, were observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Nowak
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Jednosci Street 8, 41-200, Sosnowiec, Poland.
| | - Daniel Sypniewski
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Jednosci Street 8, 41-200, Sosnowiec, Poland
| | - Ilona Bednarek
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Jednosci Street 8, 41-200, Sosnowiec, Poland
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24
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Hsu CH, Hsiao CW, Sun CA, Wu WC, Yang T, Hu JM, Liao YC, Huang CH, Chen CY, Lin FH, Chou YC. Multiple gene promoter methylation and clinical stage in adjacent normal tissues: Effect on prognosis of colorectal cancer in Taiwan. Sci Rep 2020; 10:145. [PMID: 31924802 PMCID: PMC6954240 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-56691-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This study provide an insight that the panel genes methylation status in different clinical stage tended to reflect a different prognosis even in matched normal tissues, to clinical recommendation. We enrolled 153 colorectal cancer patients from a medical center in Taiwan and used the candidate gene approach to select five genes involved in carcinogenesis pathways. We analyzed the relationship between DNA methylation with different cancer stages and the prognostic outcome. There were significant trends of increasing risk of 5-year time to progression and event-free survival of subjects with raising number of hypermethylation genes both in normal tissue and tumor tissue. The group with two or more genes with aberrant methylation in the advanced cancer stages (Me/advanced) had lower 5-year event-free survival among patients with colorectal cancer in either normal or tumor tissue. The adjusted hazard ratios in the group with two or more genes with aberrant methylation with advanced cancer stages (Me/advanced) were 8.04 (95% CI, 2.80–23.1; P for trend <0.01) and 8.01 (95% CI, 1.92–33.4; P for trend <0.01) in normal and tumor tissue, respectively. DNA methylation status was significantly associated with poor prognosis outcome. This finding in the matched normal tissues of colorectal cancer patients could be an alternative source of prognostic markers to assist clinical decision making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Hsiung Hsu
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China.,Teaching Office, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Cheng-Wen Hsiao
- Division of Colorectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Chien-An Sun
- Department of Public Health, College of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan, Republic of China.,Big Data Research Center, College of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Wen-Chih Wu
- School of Public Health, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China.,Department of Surgery, Suao and Yuanshan branches of Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Yilan County, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Tsan Yang
- Department of Health Business Administration, Meiho University, Pingtung County, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Je-Ming Hu
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China.,Division of Colorectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China.,Adjunct Instructor, School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Yu-Chan Liao
- School of Public Health, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Chi-Hua Huang
- School of Public Health, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Chao-Yang Chen
- Division of Colorectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China.,Adjunct Instructor, School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Fu-Huang Lin
- School of Public Health, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Yu-Ching Chou
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China. .,School of Public Health, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China.
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Association of Folate and Vitamins Involved in the 1-Carbon Cycle with Polymorphisms in the Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase Gene (MTHFR) and Global DNA Methylation in Patients with Colorectal Cancer. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11061368. [PMID: 31216671 PMCID: PMC6627304 DOI: 10.3390/nu11061368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Revised: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Folate, vitamin B2, vitamin B6, vitamin B12, choline, and betaine are nutrients involved in the 1-carbon cycle that can alter the levels of DNA methylation and influence genesis and/or tumor progression. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the association of folate and vitamins involved in the 1-carbon cycle and MTHFR polymorphisms in global DNA methylation in patients with colorectal cancer gene. The study included 189 patients with colorectal adenocarcinoma answering a clinical evaluation questionnaire and the Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) validated for patients with colon and rectal cancer. Blood samples were collected for evaluation of MTHFR gene polymorphisms in global DNA methylation in blood and in tumor. The values for serum folate were positively correlated with the equivalent total dietary folate (total DFE) (rho = 0.51, p = 0.03) and global DNA methylation (rho = 0.20, p = 0.03). Individuals aged over 61 years (p = 0.01) in clinicopathological staging III and IV (p = 0.01) and with + heterozygous mutated homozygous genotypes for the MTHFR A1298C gene had higher levels of global DNA methylation (p = 0.04). The association between dietary intake of folate, serum folate, and tumor stage were predictive of global DNA methylation in patients’ blood. The levels of serum folate, the dietary folate and the status of DNA methylation can influence clinicopathological staging.
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26
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Molnár B, Galamb O, Kalmár A, Barták BK, Nagy ZB, Tóth K, Tulassay Z, Igaz P, Dank M. Circulating cell-free nucleic acids as biomarkers in colorectal cancer screening and diagnosis - an update. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2019; 19:477-498. [PMID: 31046485 DOI: 10.1080/14737159.2019.1613891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Screening methods for one of the most frequently diagnosed malignancy, colorectal cancer (CRC), have limitations. Circulating cell-free nucleic acids (cfNA) hold clinical relevance as screening, prognostic and therapy monitoring markers. Area covered: In this review, we summarize potential CRC-specific cfNA biomarkers, the recently developed sample preparation techniques, their applications, and pitfalls. Expert opinion: Automated extraction of cfDNA is highly reproducible, however, cfDNA yield is less compared to manual isolation. Quantitative and highly sensitive detection techniques (e.g. digital PCR, NGS) can be applied to analyze genetic and epigenetic changes. Detection of DNA mutations or methylation in cfDNA and related altered levels of mRNA, miRNA, and lncRNA may improve early cancer recognition, based on specific, CRC-related patterns. Detection of cfDNA mutations (e.g. TP53, KRAS, APC) has limited diagnostic sensitivity (40-60%), however, methylated DNA including SEPT9, SFRP1, SDC2 can be applied with higher sensitivity (up to 90%) for CRC. Circulating miRNAs (e.g. miR-21, miR-92, miR-141) provide comparably high sensitivity for CRC as the circulating tumor cell mRNA markers (e.g. EGFR, CK19, CK20, CEA). Automation of cfNA isolation coupled with quantitative analysis of CRC-related, highly sensitive biomarkers may enhance CRC screening and early detection in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Béla Molnár
- a 2nd Department of Internal Medicine , Semmelweis University , Budapest , Hungary.,b MTA-SE Molecular Medicine Research Unit , Hungarian Academy of Sciences and Semmelweis University , Budapest , Hungary
| | - Orsolya Galamb
- a 2nd Department of Internal Medicine , Semmelweis University , Budapest , Hungary.,b MTA-SE Molecular Medicine Research Unit , Hungarian Academy of Sciences and Semmelweis University , Budapest , Hungary
| | - Alexandra Kalmár
- a 2nd Department of Internal Medicine , Semmelweis University , Budapest , Hungary.,b MTA-SE Molecular Medicine Research Unit , Hungarian Academy of Sciences and Semmelweis University , Budapest , Hungary
| | - Barbara Kinga Barták
- a 2nd Department of Internal Medicine , Semmelweis University , Budapest , Hungary
| | - Zsófia Brigitta Nagy
- a 2nd Department of Internal Medicine , Semmelweis University , Budapest , Hungary
| | - Kinga Tóth
- a 2nd Department of Internal Medicine , Semmelweis University , Budapest , Hungary
| | - Zsolt Tulassay
- a 2nd Department of Internal Medicine , Semmelweis University , Budapest , Hungary.,b MTA-SE Molecular Medicine Research Unit , Hungarian Academy of Sciences and Semmelweis University , Budapest , Hungary
| | - Péter Igaz
- a 2nd Department of Internal Medicine , Semmelweis University , Budapest , Hungary.,b MTA-SE Molecular Medicine Research Unit , Hungarian Academy of Sciences and Semmelweis University , Budapest , Hungary
| | - Magdolna Dank
- c Department of Oncology , Semmelweis University , Budapest , Hungary
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27
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Abstract
Several challenges present themselves when discussing current approaches to the prevention or treatment of pancreatic cancer. Up to 45% of the risk of pancreatic cancer is attributed to unknown causes, making effective prevention programs difficult to design. The most common type of pancreatic cancer, pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), is generally diagnosed at a late stage, leading to a poor prognosis and 5-year survival estimate. PDAC tumors are heterogeneous, leading to many identified cell subtypes within one patient’s primary tumor. This explains why there is a high frequency of tumors that are resistant to standard treatments, leading to high relapse rates. This review will discuss how epigenetic technologies and epigenome-wide association studies have been used to address some of these challenges and the future promises these approaches hold.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul R Singh
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58102, USA; (R.R.S.); (K.M.R.)
| | - Katie M Reindl
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58102, USA; (R.R.S.); (K.M.R.)
| | - Rick J Jansen
- Department of Public Health, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58102, USA
- Biostatistics Core Facility, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58102, USA
- Center for Immunization Research and Education, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58102, USA
- Genomics and Bioinformatics Program, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58102, USA
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