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Kianifard L, Rafiqi AM, Akcakir O, Aly ASI, Billingsley PF, Uysal S. A recombinant Aspergillus oryzae fungus transmitted from larvae to adults of Anopheles stephensi mosquitoes inhibits malaria parasite oocyst development. Sci Rep 2023; 13:12177. [PMID: 37500682 PMCID: PMC10374630 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-38654-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The control of malaria parasite transmission from mosquitoes to humans is hampered by decreasing efficacies of insecticides, development of drug resistance against the last-resort antimalarials, and the absence of effective vaccines. Herein, the anti-plasmodial transmission blocking activity of a recombinant Aspergillus oryzae (A. oryzae-R) fungus strain, which is used in human food industry, was investigated in laboratory-reared Anopheles stephensi mosquitoes. The recombinant fungus strain was genetically modified to secrete two anti-plasmodial effector peptides, MP2 (midgut peptide 2) and EPIP (enolase-plasminogen interaction peptide) peptides. The transstadial transmission of the fungus from larvae to adult mosquitoes was confirmed following inoculation of A. oryzae-R in the water trays used for larval rearing. Secretion of the anti-plasmodial effector peptides inside the mosquito midguts inhibited oocyst formation of P. berghei parasites. These results indicate that A. oryzae can be used as a paratransgenesis model carrying effector proteins to inhibit malaria parasite development in An. stephensi. Further studies are needed to determine if this recombinant fungus can be adapted under natural conditions, with a minimal or no impact on the environment, to target mosquito-borne infectious disease agents inside their vectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Kianifard
- Beykoz Institute of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Bezmialem Vakif University, 34820, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ab Matteen Rafiqi
- Beykoz Institute of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Bezmialem Vakif University, 34820, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Osman Akcakir
- Beykoz Institute of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Bezmialem Vakif University, 34820, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ahmed S I Aly
- Beykoz Institute of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Bezmialem Vakif University, 34820, Istanbul, Turkey
- School of Science and Engineering, Al Akhawayn University, Ifrane, 53000, Morocco
| | - Peter F Billingsley
- Sanaria Inc., 9800 Medical Center Dr., Suite A209, Rockville, MD, 20850, USA
| | - Serdar Uysal
- Beykoz Institute of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Bezmialem Vakif University, 34820, Istanbul, Turkey.
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Chinnasamy R, Govindasamy B, Venkatesh M, Magudeeswaran S, Dhanarajan A, Devarajan N, Willie P, Perumal V, Mekchay S, Krutmuang P. Bio-efficacy of insecticidal molecule emodin against dengue, filariasis, and malaria vectors. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:61842-61862. [PMID: 36934179 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-26290-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Emodin, a compound isolated from Aspergillus terreus, was studied using chromatographic and spectroscopic methods and compound purity (96%) was assessed by TLC. Furthermore, high larvicidal activity against Aedes aegypti-AeA (LC50 6.156 and LC90 12.450 mg/L), Culex quinquefasciatus-CuQ (8.216 and 14.816 mg/L), and Anopheles stephensi-AnS larvae (6.895 and 15.24 mg/L) was recorded. The first isolated fraction (emodin) showed higher pupicidal activity against AeA (15.449 and 20.752 mg/L). Most emodin-treated larvae (ETL) showed variations in acetylcholine esterase, α and β-carboxylesterases, and phosphatase activities in the 4th instar, indicating the intrinsic differences in their biochemical changes. ETL had numerous altered tissues, including muscle, gastric caeca, hindgut, midgut, nerve ganglia, and midgut epithelium. Acute toxicity of emodin on brine shrimp Artemia nauplii (54.0 and 84.5 mg/L) and the zebrafish Danio rerio (less toxicity observed) was recorded. In docking studies, Emodin interacted well with odorant-binding-proteins of AeA, AnS, and CuQ with docking scores of - 8.89, - 6.53, and - 8.09 kcal mol-1, respectively. Therefore, A. terreus is likely to be effective against mosquito larvicides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ragavendran Chinnasamy
- Natural Drug Research Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, School of Biosciences, Periyar University, Salem, Tamil Nadu, India
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Chennai, India
| | - Balasubramani Govindasamy
- Department of Research & Innovation, Saveetha School of Engineering (SSE), Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Thandalam, Chennai Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - Sivanandam Magudeeswaran
- Department of Physics, Centre for Research and Development, KPR Institute of Engineering and Technology, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Arulbalachandran Dhanarajan
- Molecular and Stress Physiology Laboratory, Department of Botany, School of Life Sciences, Periyar University, Salem, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Natarajan Devarajan
- Natural Drug Research Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, School of Biosciences, Periyar University, Salem, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Peijnenburg Willie
- Institute of Environmental Sciences (CML), Leiden University, P.O. Box 9518, 2300 RA, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Center for Safety of Substances and Products, National Institute of Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), P.O. Box 1, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Vivekanandhan Perumal
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
- Department of Physiology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, 77, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Supamit Mekchay
- Department of Animal and Aquatic Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
- Innovative Agriculture Research Center, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Patcharin Krutmuang
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand.
- Innovative Agriculture Research Center, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.
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Amr K, Ibrahim N, Elissawy AM, Singab ANB. Unearthing the fungal endophyte Aspergillus terreus for chemodiversity and medicinal prospects: a comprehensive review. Fungal Biol Biotechnol 2023; 10:6. [PMID: 36966331 PMCID: PMC10040139 DOI: 10.1186/s40694-023-00153-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Aspergillus terreus microorganism represents a promising prospective source for drug discovery since it is rich in diverse kinds of bioactive secondary metabolites. It contributed to many biotechnological applications and its metabolites are used in the synthesis of certain pharmaceuticals and food products, in addition to its useful uses in fermentation processes. There are about 346 compounds identified from marine and terrestrial-derived A. terreus from 1987 until 2022, 172 compounds of them proved a vast array of bioactivity. This review aimed to create an up-to-date comprehensive literature data of A. terreus's secondary metabolites classes supported by its different bioactivity data to be a scientific record for the next work in drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khadiga Amr
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain-Shams University, Organization of African Unity Street 1, Cairo, 11566, Egypt
| | - Nehal Ibrahim
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain-Shams University, Organization of African Unity Street 1, Cairo, 11566, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M Elissawy
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain-Shams University, Organization of African Unity Street 1, Cairo, 11566, Egypt
- Center of Drug Discovery Research and Development, Ain-Shams University, Organization of African Unity Street 1, Cairo, 11566, Egypt
| | - Abdel Nasser B Singab
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain-Shams University, Organization of African Unity Street 1, Cairo, 11566, Egypt.
- Center of Drug Discovery Research and Development, Ain-Shams University, Organization of African Unity Street 1, Cairo, 11566, Egypt.
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Ragavendran C, Balasubramani G, Tijo C, Manigandan V, Kweka EJ, Karthika P, Sivasankar P, Thomas A, Natarajan D, Nakouti I, Malafaia G. Cladophialophora bantiana metabolites are efficient in the larvicidal and ovicidal control of Aedes aegypti, and Culex quinquefasciatus and have low toxicity in zebrafish embryo. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 852:158502. [PMID: 36058332 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Mosquitoes' current insecticide resistance status in available public health insecticides is a serious threat to mosquito control initiatives. Microbe-based control agents provide an alternative to conventional pesticides and insecticides, as they can be more targeted than synthetic insecticides. The present study was focused on identifying and investigating the mosquitocidal potential of Cladophialophora bantiana, an endophytic fungus isolated from Opuntia ficus-indica. The Cladophialophora species was identified through phylogenetic analysis of the rDNA sequence. The isolated fungus was first evaluated for its potential to produce metabolites against Aedes aegpti and Culex quinquefasciatus larvae in the 1-4th instar. The secondary metabolites of mycelium extract were assessed at various test doses (100, 200, 300, 400, and 500 μg/mL) in independent bioassays for each instar of selected mosquito larvae. After 48 h of exposure, A. aegypti expressed LC50 values of 13.069, 18.085, 9.554, and 11.717 μg/mL and LC90 = 25.702, 30.860, 17.275, and 19.601 μg/mL; followed by C. quinquefasciatus LC50 = 14.467, 11.766, 5.934, and 7.589 μg/mL, and LC90 = 29.529, 20.767, 11.192, and 13.296 μg/mL. The mean % of ovicidal bioassay was recorded 120 h after exposure. The hatchability (%) was proportional to mycelia metabolite concentration. The enzymatic level of acetylcholinesterase in fungal mycelial metabolite treated 4th instar larvae indicated a dose-dependent pattern. The GC-MS profile of C. bantiana extracts identified five of the most abundant compounds, namely cyclobutane, trans-3-undecene-1,5-diyne, 1-bromo-2-chloro, propane, 1,2,3-trichloro-2-methyl-, 5,5,10,10-tetrachlorotricyclo, and phenol, which had the killing effect in mosquitoes. Furthermore, the C. bantiana fungus ethyl acetate extracts had a strong larvicidal action on A. aegypti and C. quinquefasciatus. Finally, the toxicity test on zebrafish embryos revealed the induction of malformations only at concentrations above 1 mg/mL. Therefore, our study pioneered evidence that C. bantiana fungal metabolites effectively control A. aegypti and C. qunquefasciastus and show less lethality in zebrafish embryos at concentrations up to 500 μg/mL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chinnasamy Ragavendran
- Natural Drug Research Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, School of Biosciences, Periyar University, Salem 636 011, Tamil Nadu, India; Department of Cariology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Chennai 600 077, India.
| | - Govindasamy Balasubramani
- Department of Research and Innovation, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Chennai 602105, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Cherian Tijo
- Department of Ocean Studies and Marine Biology, Pondicherry University, Port Blair Campus, Brookshabad, Port Blair, Andamans 744112, India
| | | | - Eliningaya J Kweka
- Division of Livestock and Human Diseases Vector Control, Tropical Pesticides Research Institute, P.O. Box 3024, Arusha, Tanzania; Department of Medical Parasitology and Entomology, Catholic University of Health and Allied Sciences, P.O. Box 1464, Mwanza, Tanzania
| | - Pandi Karthika
- Natural Drug Research Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, School of Biosciences, Periyar University, Salem 636 011, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Palaniappan Sivasankar
- Water Supply and Bioeconomy Division, Faculty of Environmental Engineering and Energy, Poznan University of Technology, Berdychowo 4, 60-965 Poznan, Poland
| | - Adelina Thomas
- School of Pharmacy, Catholic University of Health and Allied Sciences, P.O. Box 1464, Mwanza, Tanzania
| | - Devarajan Natarajan
- Natural Drug Research Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, School of Biosciences, Periyar University, Salem 636 011, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ismini Nakouti
- Centre for Natural Products Discovery (CNPD), School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool L3 3AF, UK
| | - Guilherme Malafaia
- Laboratory of Toxicology Applied to the Environment, Goiano Federal Institute, Urutaí, GO, Brazil; Post-Graduation Program in Conservation of Cerrado Natural Resources, Goiano Federal Institute, Urutaí, GO, Brazil; Post-Graduation Program in Ecology, Conservation, and Biodiversity, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil; Post-Graduation Program in Biotechnology and Biodiversity, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil.
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Spatiotemporal mapping of malaria incidence in Sudan using routine surveillance data. Sci Rep 2022; 12:14114. [PMID: 35982088 PMCID: PMC9387890 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-16706-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Malaria is a serious threat to global health, with over \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$95\%$$\end{document}95% of the cases reported in 2020 by the World Health Organization in African countries, including Sudan. Sudan is a low-income country with a limited healthcare system and a substantial burden of malaria. The epidemiology of malaria in Sudan is rapidly changing due to factors including the rapidly developing resistance to drugs and insecticides among the parasites and vectors, respectively; the growing population living in humanitarian settings due to political instability; and the recent emergence of Anopheles stephensi in the country. These factors contribute to changes in the distribution of the parasites species as well as malaria vectors in Sudan, and the shifting patterns of malaria epidemiology underscore the need for investment in improved situational awareness, early preparedness, and a national prevention and control strategy that is updated, evidence based, and proactive. A key component of this strategy is accurate, high-resolution endemicity maps of species-specific malaria. Here, we present a spatiotemporal Bayesian model, developed in collaboration with the Sudanese Ministry of Health, that predicts a fine-scale (1 km \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$\times $$\end{document}× 1 km) clinical incidence and seasonality profiles for Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax across the country. We use monthly malaria case counts for both species collected via routine surveillance between January 2017 and December 2019, as well as a suite of high-resolution environmental covariates to inform our predictions. These epidemiological maps provide a useful resource for strategic planning and cost-effective implementation of malaria interventions, thus informing policymakers in Sudan to achieve success in malaria control and elimination.
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Ramírez-Camejo LA, Bayman P. Gene expression on the fly: A transcriptome-level view of Drosophila's immune response to the opportunistic fungal pathogen Aspergillus flavus. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2020; 82:104308. [PMID: 32240802 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2020.104308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Revised: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/28/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Aspergilloses are opportunistic infections in animals and humans caused by several Aspergillus species, including Aspergillus flavus. Although the immune system of Drosophila melanogaster is extensively studied, little is known about the fly's specific responses to infection by A. flavus. We compared gene expression levels during induced infections in D. melanogaster by a virulent A. flavus isolate and a less virulent isolate, as well as from uninfected flies as a control. We found that 1081 of the 14,554 gene regions detected were significantly differentially expressed among treatments. Some of these up- and down- regulated genes were previously shown to be involved in defense responses against pathogens. Some are known to be involved in vitelline membrane formation in flies. Other up- and down-regulated genes are of unknown function. Understanding expression of these genes during the process of infection in flies should improve our knowledge of innate immunity in invertebrates, and by extension, in vertebrates as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis A Ramírez-Camejo
- Purdue University, Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, West Lafayette, IN 47901, USA; Department of Biology, University of Puerto Rico - Río Piedras, San Juan, PR, USA; Coiba Scientific Station (COIBA AIP), City of Knowledge, Clayton, Panama, Panama.
| | - Paul Bayman
- Department of Biology, University of Puerto Rico - Río Piedras, San Juan, PR, USA
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Abd El-Samei E, Hamama H, El-Enien M, Awad H. Interaction of Spinosad and Bacillus thuringiensis on Certain Toxicological, Biochemical and Molecular Aspects in the Egyptian Cotton Leaf Worm, Spodoptera littoralis (Boisduval) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). AFRICAN ENTOMOLOGY 2019; 27:508. [DOI: 10.4001/003.027.0508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- E.M. Abd El-Samei
- Entomology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Cairo, Egypt
| | - H.M. Hamama
- Entomology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Cairo, Egypt
| | - M.G.A.A. El-Enien
- Entomology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Cairo, Egypt
| | - H.H. Awad
- Entomology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Cairo, Egypt
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