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Yin G, Wang Z, Li P, Cao Y, Zhou Z, Wu W, Li X, Lou Q. Tim-3 deficiency aggravates cadmium nephrotoxicity via regulation of NF-κB signaling and mitochondrial damage. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 128:111434. [PMID: 38176346 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.111434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
Kidney is the target organ of serious cadmium injury. Kidney damage caused by cadmium exposure is greatly influenced by the inflammatory response and mitochondrial damage. T cell immunoglobulin domain and mucin domain 3 (Tim-3) is an essential protein that functions as a negative immunological checkpoint to regulate inflammatory responses. Mice were given cadmium treatments at various dosages (0, 1.5, 3, 4.5 mg/kg) and times (0, 3, 5, 7 days) to assess the effects of cadmium on kidney damage. We found that the optimal way to induce kidney injury in mice was to inject 4.5 mg/kg of cadmium intraperitoneally for five days. It is interesting that giving mice 4.5 mg/kg of cadmium intravenously for seven days drastically lowered their survival rate. After cadmium exposure, Tim-3 knockout mice exhibited higher blood concentrations of urea nitrogen and creatinine compared to control mice. Tim-3 impacted the expression of oxidative stress-associated genes such as UDP glucuronosyltransferase family 1 member A9 (Ugt1a9), oxidative stress-induced growth inhibitor 2 (Osgin2), and S100 calcium binding protein A8 (S100a8), according to RNA-seq and real-time RT-PCR data. Tim-3 deficiency also resulted in activated nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) signaling pathway. The NF-κB inhibitor 2-[(aminocarbonyl)amino]-5-(4-fluorophenyl)-3-thiophenecarboxamide (TPCA-1) significantly alleviated cell apoptosis, oxidative stress response, and renal tubule inflammation in Tim-3 knockout mice exposed to cadmium. Furthermore, cadmium caused obvious B-cell lymphoma protein 2 (Bcl-2)-associated X (Bax) translocation from cytoplasm to mitochondria, which can be inhibited by TPCA-1. In conclusion, Tim-3 prevented mitochondrial damage and NF-κB signaling activation, hence providing protection against cadmium nephrotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanyi Yin
- Joint National Laboratory for Antibody Drug Engineering, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, PR China
| | - Zhonghang Wang
- Joint National Laboratory for Antibody Drug Engineering, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, PR China
| | - Peiyao Li
- Joint National Laboratory for Antibody Drug Engineering, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, PR China
| | - Yaping Cao
- Joint National Laboratory for Antibody Drug Engineering, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, PR China
| | - Ziou Zhou
- Joint National Laboratory for Antibody Drug Engineering, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, PR China
| | - Wenbin Wu
- Joint National Laboratory for Antibody Drug Engineering, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, PR China
| | - Xuemiao Li
- Joint National Laboratory for Antibody Drug Engineering, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, PR China
| | - Qiang Lou
- Joint National Laboratory for Antibody Drug Engineering, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, PR China.
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2
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Lv Y, Ma X, Ma Y, Du Y, Feng J. A new emerging target in cancer immunotherapy: Galectin-9 (LGALS9). Genes Dis 2023; 10:2366-2382. [PMID: 37554219 PMCID: PMC10404877 DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2022.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the past few decades, advances in immunological knowledge have led to the identification of novel immune checkpoints, reinvigorating cancer immunotherapy. Immunotherapy, represented by immune checkpoint inhibitors, has become the leader in the precision treatment of cancer, bringing a new dawn to the treatment of most cancer patients. Galectin-9 (LGALS9), a member of the galectin family, is a widely expressed protein involved in immune regulation and tumor pathogenesis, and affects the prognosis of various types of cancer. Galectin-9 regulates immune homeostasis and tumor cell survival through its interaction with its receptor Tim-3. In the review, based on a brief description of the signaling mechanisms and immunomodulatory activities of galectin-9 and Tim-3, we summarize the targeted expression patterns of galectin-9 in a variety of malignancies and the promising mechanisms of anti-galectin-9 therapy in stimulating anti-tumor immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Lv
- The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, China
| | - Xiao Ma
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Zhongda Hospital of Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, China
| | - Yuxin Ma
- The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, China
| | - Yuxin Du
- The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, China
| | - Jifeng Feng
- The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, China
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3
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Sun X, Wang WJ, Lang J, Yang R, Shen WJ, Sun L, Hsu JM, Chan LC, Li CW, Xia W, Ke B, Yao G, Huang K, Lee PC, Koller PB, Hung MC. Inhibition of Galectin-9 sensitizes tumors to anthracycline treatment via inducing antitumor immunity. Int J Biol Sci 2023; 19:4644-4656. [PMID: 37781042 PMCID: PMC10535704 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.84108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Anthracyclines are a class of conventionally and routinely used first-line chemotherapy drugs for cancer treatment. In addition to the direct cytotoxic effects, increasing evidence indicates that the efficacy of the drugs also depends on immunomodulatory effects with unknown mechanisms. Galectin-9 (Gal-9), a member of the β-galactoside-binding protein family, has been demonstrated to induce T-cell death and promote immunosuppression in the tumor microenvironment. Here, we asked whether anthracycline-mediated immunomodulatory activity might be related to Gal-9. We found that combining doxorubicin with anti-Gal-9 therapy significantly inhibited tumor growth and prolonged overall survival in immune-competent syngeneic mouse models. Moreover, Gal-9 expression was increased in response to doxorubicin in various human and murine cancer cell lines. Mechanistically, doxorubicin induced tumoral Gal-9 by activating the STING/interferon β pathway. Clinically, Gal-9 and p-STING levels were elevated in the tumor tissues of breast cancer patients treated with anthracyclines. Our study demonstrates Gal-9 upregulation in response to anthracyclines as a novel mechanism mediating immune escape and suggests targeting Gal-9 in combination with anthracyclines as a promising therapeutic strategy for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian Sun
- Department of Oncology, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, P. R. China
- Departments of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, P. R. China
| | - Wei-Jan Wang
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, College of Life Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Cancer Biology and Precision Therapeutics Center and Research Center for Cancer Biology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Jilu Lang
- Department of Cardiac Vascular Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, P. R. China
| | - Riyao Yang
- Departments of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Antibody Therapeutics, Inc., Hayward, CA 94545, USA
| | - Wan-Jou Shen
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Linlin Sun
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Lung Cancer Metastasis and Tumor Microenvironment, Lung Cancer Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Jung-Mao Hsu
- Cancer Biology and Precision Therapeutics Center and Research Center for Cancer Biology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Li-Chuan Chan
- Departments of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Chia-Wei Li
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Weiya Xia
- Departments of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Baozhen Ke
- Departments of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Guodong Yao
- Department of Pathology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, P. R. China
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Harbin, P. R. China
| | - Kebin Huang
- Departments of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, School of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, Guangxi, P. R. China
| | - Pei-Chih Lee
- Cancer Biology and Precision Therapeutics Center and Research Center for Cancer Biology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Paul B. Koller
- Departments of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Hematology and Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California, USA
| | - Mien-Chie Hung
- Departments of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Cancer Biology and Precision Therapeutics Center and Research Center for Cancer Biology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Molecular Medicine Center, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
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Galectins in Cancer and the Microenvironment: Functional Roles, Therapeutic Developments, and Perspectives. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9091159. [PMID: 34572346 PMCID: PMC8465754 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9091159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Changes in cell growth and metabolism are affected by the surrounding environmental factors to adapt to the cell’s most appropriate growth model. However, abnormal cell metabolism is correlated with the occurrence of many diseases and is accompanied by changes in galectin (Gal) performance. Gals were found to be some of the master regulators of cell–cell interactions that reconstruct the microenvironment, and disordered expression of Gals is associated with multiple human metabolic-related diseases including cancer development. Cancer cells can interact with surrounding cells through Gals to create more suitable conditions that promote cancer cell aggressiveness. In this review, we organize the current understanding of Gals in a systematic way to dissect Gals’ effect on human disease, including how Gals’ dysregulated expression affects the tumor microenvironment’s metabolism and elucidating the mechanisms involved in Gal-mediated diseases. This information may shed light on a more precise understanding of how Gals regulate cell biology and facilitate the development of more effective therapeutic strategies for cancer treatment by targeting the Gal family.
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Teo Hansen Selnø A, Schlichtner S, Yasinska IM, Sakhnevych SS, Fiedler W, Wellbrock J, Berger SM, Klenova E, Gibbs BF, Fasler-Kan E, Sumbayev VV. High Mobility Group Box 1 (HMGB1) Induces Toll-Like Receptor 4-Mediated Production of the Immunosuppressive Protein Galectin-9 in Human Cancer Cells. Front Immunol 2021; 12:675731. [PMID: 34234778 PMCID: PMC8255966 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.675731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
High mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) is a non-histone protein which is predominantly localised in the cell nucleus. However, stressed, dying, injured or dead cells can release this protein into the extracellular matrix passively. In addition, HMGB1 release was observed in cancer and immune cells where this process can be triggered by various endogenous as well as exogenous stimuli. Importantly, released HMGB1 acts as a so-called "danger signal" and could impact on the ability of cancer cells to escape host immune surveillance. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the functional role of HMGB1 in determining the capability of human cancer cells to evade immune attack remain unclear. Here we report that the involvement of HMGB1 in anti-cancer immune evasion is determined by Toll-like receptor (TLR) 4, which recognises HMGB1 as a ligand. We found that HGMB1 induces TLR4-mediated production of transforming growth factor beta type 1 (TGF-β), displaying autocrine/paracrine activities. TGF-β induces production of the immunosuppressive protein galectin-9 in cancer cells. In TLR4-positive cancer cells, HMGB1 triggers the formation of an autocrine loop which induces galectin-9 expression. In malignant cells lacking TLR4, the same effect could be triggered by HMGB1 indirectly through TLR4-expressing myeloid cells present in the tumour microenvironment (e. g. tumour-associated macrophages).
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Affiliation(s)
- Anette Teo Hansen Selnø
- Medway School of Pharmacy, Universities of Kent and Greenwich, Chatham Maritime, United Kingdom
| | - Stephanie Schlichtner
- Medway School of Pharmacy, Universities of Kent and Greenwich, Chatham Maritime, United Kingdom
| | - Inna M Yasinska
- Medway School of Pharmacy, Universities of Kent and Greenwich, Chatham Maritime, United Kingdom
| | - Svetlana S Sakhnevych
- Medway School of Pharmacy, Universities of Kent and Greenwich, Chatham Maritime, United Kingdom
| | - Walter Fiedler
- Department of Oncology, Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation With Section Pneumology, Hubertus Wald University Cancer Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jasmin Wellbrock
- Department of Oncology, Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation With Section Pneumology, Hubertus Wald University Cancer Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Steffen M Berger
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Biomedical Research, Children's Hospital, Inselspital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Department of Biomedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Elena Klenova
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Essex, Colchester, United Kingdom
| | - Bernhard F Gibbs
- Medway School of Pharmacy, Universities of Kent and Greenwich, Chatham Maritime, United Kingdom.,Division of Experimental Allergy and Immunodermatology, University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Elizaveta Fasler-Kan
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Biomedical Research, Children's Hospital, Inselspital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel and University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Vadim V Sumbayev
- Medway School of Pharmacy, Universities of Kent and Greenwich, Chatham Maritime, United Kingdom
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6
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Yasinska IM, Sakhnevych SS, Pavlova L, Teo Hansen Selnø A, Teuscher Abeleira AM, Benlaouer O, Gonçalves Silva I, Mosimann M, Varani L, Bardelli M, Hussain R, Siligardi G, Cholewa D, Berger SM, Gibbs BF, Ushkaryov YA, Fasler-Kan E, Klenova E, Sumbayev VV. The Tim-3-Galectin-9 Pathway and Its Regulatory Mechanisms in Human Breast Cancer. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1594. [PMID: 31354733 PMCID: PMC6637653 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Human cancer cells operate a variety of effective molecular and signaling mechanisms which allow them to escape host immune surveillance and thus progress the disease. We have recently reported that the immune receptor Tim-3 and its natural ligand galectin-9 are involved in the immune escape of human acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells. These cells use the neuronal receptor latrophilin 1 (LPHN1) and its ligand fibronectin leucine rich transmembrane protein 3 (FLRT3, and possibly other ligands) to trigger the pathway. We hypothesized that the Tim-3-galectin-9 pathway may be involved in the immune escape of cancer cells of different origins. We found that studied breast tumors expressed significantly higher levels of both galectin-9 and Tim-3 compared to healthy breast tissues of the same patients and that these proteins were co-localized. Increased levels of LPHN2 and expressions of LPHN3 as well as FLRT3 were also detected in breast tumor cells. Activation of this pathway facilitated the translocation of galectin-9 onto the tumor cell surface, however no secretion of galectin-9 by tumor cells was observed. Surface-based galectin-9 was able to protect breast carcinoma cells against cytotoxic T cell-induced death. Furthermore, we found that cell lines from brain, colorectal, kidney, blood/mast cell, liver, prostate, lung, and skin cancers expressed detectable amounts of both Tim-3 and galectin-9 proteins. The majority of cell lines expressed one of the LPHN isoforms and FLRT3. We conclude that the Tim-3-galectin-9 pathway is operated by a wide range of human cancer cells and is possibly involved in prevention of anti-tumor immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inna M Yasinska
- Medway School of Pharmacy, Universities of Kent and Greenwich, Chatham Maritime, United Kingdom
| | - Svetlana S Sakhnevych
- Medway School of Pharmacy, Universities of Kent and Greenwich, Chatham Maritime, United Kingdom
| | - Ludmila Pavlova
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Essex, Colchester, United Kingdom
| | - Anette Teo Hansen Selnø
- Medway School of Pharmacy, Universities of Kent and Greenwich, Chatham Maritime, United Kingdom
| | - Ana Maria Teuscher Abeleira
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Biomedical Research, Children's Hospital, Inselspital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Zentrum Für Medizinische Bildung, Biomedizinische Analytik HF, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Ouafa Benlaouer
- Medway School of Pharmacy, Universities of Kent and Greenwich, Chatham Maritime, United Kingdom
| | - Isabel Gonçalves Silva
- Medway School of Pharmacy, Universities of Kent and Greenwich, Chatham Maritime, United Kingdom
| | - Marianne Mosimann
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Biomedical Research, Children's Hospital, Inselspital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Zentrum Für Medizinische Bildung, Biomedizinische Analytik HF, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Luca Varani
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Universita' della Svizzera italiana, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Marco Bardelli
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Universita' della Svizzera italiana, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Dietmar Cholewa
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Biomedical Research, Children's Hospital, Inselspital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Steffen M Berger
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Biomedical Research, Children's Hospital, Inselspital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Bernhard F Gibbs
- Medway School of Pharmacy, Universities of Kent and Greenwich, Chatham Maritime, United Kingdom.,Division of Experimental Allergology and Immunodermatology, University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Yuri A Ushkaryov
- Medway School of Pharmacy, Universities of Kent and Greenwich, Chatham Maritime, United Kingdom
| | - Elizaveta Fasler-Kan
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Biomedical Research, Children's Hospital, Inselspital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Elena Klenova
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Essex, Colchester, United Kingdom
| | - Vadim V Sumbayev
- Medway School of Pharmacy, Universities of Kent and Greenwich, Chatham Maritime, United Kingdom
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Alliance of galectin-3 and CD74 biochemical networks as a crucial component of survival machinery operated by human acute myeloid leukaemia cells. EBioMedicine 2019; 44:2-3. [PMID: 31155447 PMCID: PMC6606520 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2019.05.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 05/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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