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Liu R, Wang Q, Li Y, Wan R, Yang P, Yang D, Tang J, Lu J. Ginsenoside Rg1 Alleviates Sepsis-Induced Acute Lung Injury by Reducing FBXO3 Stability in an m 6A-Dependent Manner to Activate PGC-1α/Nrf2 Signaling Pathway. AAPS J 2024; 26:47. [PMID: 38622374 DOI: 10.1208/s12248-024-00919-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sepsis-induced acute lung injury (ALI) is one of the serious life-threatening complications of sepsis and is pathologically associated with mitochondrial dysfunction. Ginsenoside Rg1 has good therapeutic effects on ALI. Herein, the pharmacological effects of Rg1 in sepsis-induced ALI were investigated. METHODS Sepsis-induced ALI models were established by CLP operation and LPS treatment. HE staining was adopted to analyze lung pathological changes. The expression and secretion of cytokines were measured by RT-qPCR and ELISA. Cell viability and apoptosis were assessed by MTT assay, flow cytometry and TUNEL staining. ROS level and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) were analyzed using DHE probe and JC-1 staining, respectively. FBXO3 m6A level was assessed using MeRIP assay. The interactions between FBXO3, YTHDF1, and PGC-1α were analyzed by Co-IP or RIP. RESULTS Rg1 administration ameliorated LPS-induced epithelial cell inflammation, apoptosis, and mitochondrial dysfunction in a dose-dependent manner. Mechanically, Rg1 reduced PGC-1α ubiquitination modification level by inhibiting FBXO3 expression m6A-YTHDF1 dependently. As expected, Rg1's mitigative effect on LPS-induced inflammation, apoptosis and mitochondrial dysfunction in lung epithelial cells was abolished by FBXO3 overexpression. Moreover, FBXO3 upregulation eliminated the restoring effect of Rg1 on CLP-induced lung injury in rats. CONCLUSION Rg1 activated PGC-1α/Nrf2 signaling pathway by reducing FBXO3 stability in an m6A-YTHDF1-dependent manner to improve mitochondrial function in lung epithelial cells during sepsis-induced ALI progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Liu
- Department of Geriatric Intensive Care Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Yunnan Geriatric Medical Center, No.295, Xichang Road, Wuhua District, Kunming, 650032, Yunnan Province, People's Republic of China.
| | - Qiang Wang
- Department of Geriatric Intensive Care Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Yunnan Geriatric Medical Center, No.295, Xichang Road, Wuhua District, Kunming, 650032, Yunnan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yao Li
- Department of Stomatology, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, 650034, Yunnan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruixue Wan
- Department of Reproductive Genetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650032, Yunnan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Ping Yang
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Dexing Yang
- Department of Emergency Room of Internal, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, 650034, Yunnan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiefu Tang
- Department of Geriatric Intensive Care Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Yunnan Geriatric Medical Center, No.295, Xichang Road, Wuhua District, Kunming, 650032, Yunnan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiafei Lu
- Department of Geriatric Intensive Care Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Yunnan Geriatric Medical Center, No.295, Xichang Road, Wuhua District, Kunming, 650032, Yunnan Province, People's Republic of China
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Pan J, Zhan C, Yuan T, Gu W, Wang W, Sun Y, Chen L. Long noncoding RNA signatures in intrauterine infection/inflammation-induced lung injury: an integrative bioinformatics study. BMC Pulm Med 2023; 23:194. [PMID: 37280583 DOI: 10.1186/s12890-023-02505-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intrauterine infection/inflammation can result in fetal and neonatal lung injury. However, the biological mechanisms of intrauterine infection/inflammation on fetal and neonatal lung injury and development are poorly known. To date, there are no reliable biomarkers for improving intrauterine infection/inflammation-induced lung injury. METHODS An animal model of intrauterine infection/inflammation-induced lung injury was established with pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats inoculated with Escherichia coli suspension. The intrauterine inflammatory status was assessed through the histological examination of the placenta and uterus. A serial of histological examinations of the fetal and neonatal rats lung tissues were performed. The fetal and neonatal rat lung tissues were harvested for next generation sequencing at embryonic day 17 and postnatal day 3, respectively. Differentially expressed mRNAs and lncRNAs were identified by conducting high-throughput sequencing technique. The target genes of identified differentially expressed lncRNAs were analyzed. Homology analyses for important differentially expressed lncRNAs were performed. RESULTS The histopathological results showed inflammatory infiltration, impaired alveolar vesicular structure, less alveolar numbers, and thickened alveolar septa in fetal and neonatal rat lung tissues. Transmission electron micrographs revealed inflammatory cellular swelling associated with diffuse alveolar damage and less surfactant-storing lamellar bodies in alveolar epithelial type II cells. As compared with the control group, there were 432 differentially expressed lncRNAs at embryonic day 17 and 125 differentially expressed lncRNAs at postnatal day 3 in the intrauterine infection group. The distribution, expression level, and function of these lncRNAs were shown in the rat genome. LncRNA TCONS_00009865, lncRNA TCONS_00030049, lncRNA TCONS_00081686, lncRNA TCONS_00091647, lncRNA TCONS_00175309, lncRNA TCONS_00255085, lncRNA TCONS_00277162, and lncRNA TCONS_00157962 may play an important role in intrauterine infection/inflammation-induced lung injury. Fifty homologous sequences in Homo sapiens were also identified. CONCLUSIONS This study provides genome-wide identification of novel lncRNAs which may serve as potential diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets for intrauterine infection/inflammation-induced lung injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiarong Pan
- Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, 310052, Zhejiang, China
| | - Canyang Zhan
- Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, 310052, Zhejiang, China
| | - Tianming Yuan
- Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, 310052, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Weizhong Gu
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Therapy of Neonatal Diseases, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, 310052, Zhejiang, China
| | - Weiyan Wang
- Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, 310052, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yi Sun
- Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, 310052, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lihua Chen
- Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, 310052, Zhejiang, China
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Jeon S, Kang J, Lee SB. BC-1215 inhibits ATP-induced IL-1β secretion via the FBXL2-mediated ubiquitination and degradation of not only NLRP3, but also pro-IL-1β in LPS-primed THP-1 cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2023; 657:128-135. [PMID: 37004285 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2023.03.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Abstract
BC-1215, bis-pyridinyl benzyl ethanediamine, is an inhibitor of F-box only protein 3 (FBXO3) and exerts anti-inflammatory effects. BC-1215 inhibits interactions between FBXO3-F-box and the leucine rich repeat protein 2 (FBXL2), leading to the upregulation of FBXL2 expression, FBXL2-mediated ubiquitination and the degradation of tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNFR)-associated factor 6 (TRAF6) or NOD-, LRR- and the pyrin domain-containing protein 3 (NLRP3), which subsequently results in the down-regulation of inflammatory cytokine production. In the current study, we investigated the issue of whether or how BC-1215 suppresses the ATP-induced secretion of IL-1β in LPS-primed human macrophage-like cells, THP-1 cells. Our result show that pre-treatment with BC-1215 attenuated the ATP-induced secretion of IL-1β in LPS-primed THP-1 cells. Treatment of the LPS-primed THP-1 cells with BC-1215 resulted in a decrease in the level of NLRP3 and pro-IL-1β at the protein level, but not at the mRNA level. In addition, treatment with MG-132, but not leupeptin, inhibited the BC-1215-induced degradation of NLRP3 and pro-IL-1β proteins, and restored their levels, suggesting that BC-1215 decreases the stability of NLRP3 and pro-IL-1β at the protein level via proteasome-dependent degradation. Our results also show that FBXL2, which is increased by BC-1215, bound to and ubiquitinated NLRP3 and pro-IL-1β, but not pro-caspase-1. These collective results indicate that treatment with BC-1215, an inhibitor of FBXO3, inhibits ATP-induced IL-1β secretion via the FBXL2-mediated ubiquitination and degradation of pro-IL-1β as well as NLRP3 in LPS-primed THP-1 cells, suggesting that FBXO3 is a potential therapeutic target for developing agents against inflammatory diseases.
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Gao Y, Xiao X, Luo J, Wang J, Peng Q, Zhao J, Jiang N, Zhao Y. E3 Ubiquitin Ligase FBXO3 Drives Neuroinflammation to Aggravate Cerebral Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:13648. [PMID: 36362432 PMCID: PMC9658360 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232113648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 08/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke, one of the most universal causes of human mortality and morbidity, is pathologically characterized by inflammatory cascade, especially during the progression of ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. F-Box Protein 3 (FBXO3), a substrate-recognition subunit of SKP1-cullin 1-F-box protein (SCF) E3 ligase complexes, has recently been proven to be severed as an underlying pro-inflammatory factor in pathological processes of diverse diseases. Given these considerations, the current study aims at investigating whether FBXO3 exerts impacts on inflammation in cerebral I/R injury. In this study, first, it was verified that FBXO3 protein expression increased after a middle cerebral artery occlusion/reperfusion (MCAO/R) model in Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats and was specifically expressed in neurons other than microglia or astrocytes. Meanwhile, in mouse hippocampal neuronal cell line HT22 cells, the elevation of FBXO3 protein was observed after oxygen and glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R) treatment. It was also found that interference of FBXO3 with siRNA significantly alleviated neuronal damage via inhibiting the inflammatory response in I/R injury both in vivo and in vitro. The FBXO3 inhibitor BC-1215 was used to confirm the pro-inflammatory effect of FBXO3 in the OGD/R model as well. Furthermore, by administration of FBXO3 siRNA and BC-1215, FBXO3 was verified to reduce the protein level of Homeodomain-Interacting Protein Kinase 2 (HIPK2), likely through the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS), to aggravate cerebral I/R injury. Collectively, our results underline the detrimental effect FBXO3 has on cerebral I/R injury by accelerating inflammatory response, possibly through ubiquitylating and degrading HIPK2. Despite the specific interaction between FBXO3 and HIPK2 requiring further study, we believe that our data suggest the therapeutic relevance of FBXO3 to ischemic stroke and provide a new perspective on the mechanism of I/R injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Gao
- Department of Pathology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
- Molecular Medicine Diagnostic and Testing Center, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Xinyu Xiao
- School of Basic Medical Science, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Jing Luo
- Department of Pathology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
- Molecular Medicine Diagnostic and Testing Center, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Jianwei Wang
- School of Basic Medical Science, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Qiling Peng
- School of Basic Medical Science, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Jing Zhao
- Institute of Neuroscience, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
- Department of Pathophysiology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Ning Jiang
- Department of Pathology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
- Molecular Medicine Diagnostic and Testing Center, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Yong Zhao
- Department of Pathology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
- Molecular Medicine Diagnostic and Testing Center, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
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Das A, Wang X, Wei J, Hoji A, Coon TA, Popescu I, Brown M, Frizzell S, Iasella CJ, Noda K, Sembrat J, Devonshire K, Hannan SJ, Snyder ME, Pilewski J, Sanchez PG, Chandra D, Mallampalli RK, Alder JK, Chen BB, McDyer JF. Cross-Regulation of F-Box Protein FBXL2 with T-bet and TNF-α during Acute and Chronic Lung Allograft Rejection. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2022; 209:1788-1795. [PMID: 36113884 PMCID: PMC9588753 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2200245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Chronic lung allograft dysfunction is the major barrier to long-term survival in lung transplant recipients. Evidence supports type 1 alloimmunity as the predominant response in acute/chronic lung rejection, but the immunoregulatory mechanisms remain incompletely understood. We studied the combinatorial F-box E3 ligase system: F-box protein 3 (FBXO3; proinflammatory) and F-box and leucine-rich repeat protein 2 (FBXL2; anti-inflammatory and regulates TNFR-associated factor [TRAF] protein). Using the mouse orthotopic lung transplant model, we evaluated allografts from BALB/c → C57BL/6 (acute rejection; day 10) and found significant induction of FBXO3 and diminished FBXL2 protein along with elevated T-bet, IFN-γ, and TRAF proteins 1-5 compared with isografts. In the acute model, treatment with costimulation blockade (MR1/CTLA4-Ig) resulted in attenuated FBXO3, preserved FBXL2, and substantially reduced T-bet, IFN-γ, and TRAFs 1-5, consistent with a key role for type 1 alloimmunity. Immunohistochemistry revealed significant changes in the FBXO3/FBXL2 balance in airway epithelia and infiltrating mononuclear cells during rejection compared with isografts or costimulation blockade-treated allografts. In the chronic lung rejection model, DBA/2J/C57BL/6F1 > DBA/2J (day 28), we observed persistently elevated FBXO3/FBXL2 balance and T-bet/IFN-γ protein and similar findings from lung transplant recipient lungs with chronic lung allograft dysfunction versus controls. We hypothesized that FBXL2 regulated T-bet and found FBXL2 was sufficient to polyubiquitinate T-bet and coimmunoprecipitated with T-bet on pulldown experiments and vice versa in Jurkat cells. Transfection with FBXL2 diminished T-bet protein in a dose-dependent manner in mouse lung epithelial cells. In testing type 1 cytokines, TNF-α was found to negatively regulate FBXL2 protein and mRNA levels. Together, our findings show the combinatorial E3 ligase FBXO3/FBXL2 system plays a role in the regulation of T-bet through FBXL2, with negative cross-regulation of TNF-α on FBXL2 during lung allograft rejection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antu Das
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine; Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15213, USA
| | - Xingan Wang
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine; Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15213, USA
| | - Jianxin Wei
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine; Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15213, USA
| | - Aki Hoji
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine; Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15213, USA
| | - Tiffany A. Coon
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine; Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15213, USA
| | - Iulia Popescu
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine; Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15213, USA
| | - Mark Brown
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine; Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15213, USA
| | - Sheila Frizzell
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine; Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15213, USA
| | - Carlo J. Iasella
- Department of Pharmacy and Therapeutics, University of Pittsburgh School of Pharmacy; Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15213, USA
| | - Kentaro Noda
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine; Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15213, USA
| | - John Sembrat
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine; Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15213, USA
| | - Kaitlyn Devonshire
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine; Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15213, USA
| | - Stefanie J. Hannan
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine; Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15213, USA
| | - Mark E. Snyder
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine; Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15213, USA
| | - Joseph Pilewski
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine; Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15213, USA
| | - Pablo G. Sanchez
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine; Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15213, USA
| | - Divay Chandra
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine; Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15213, USA
| | - Rama K. Mallampalli
- Department of Medicine, Ohio State University School of Medicine; Columbus, Ohio, 43210, USA
| | - Jonathan K. Alder
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine; Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15213, USA
| | - Bill B. Chen
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine; Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15213, USA,Aging Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine; Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15213, USA
| | - John F. McDyer
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine; Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15213, USA
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Acetate, a gut bacterial product, ameliorates ischemia-reperfusion induced acute lung injury in rats. Int Immunopharmacol 2022; 111:109136. [PMID: 35964409 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.109136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Recent data suggest that short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), the major fermentation product from gut microbial degradation of dietary fiber, have protective effects against renal ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury, colitis, and allergic asthma. However, the effect of SCFAs on acute lung injury (ALI) caused by IR is still unclear. In this study, we examine whether SCFAs have protective effects against IR-induced ALI and explore possible protective mechanisms. IR-induced ALI was established by 40 min ischemia followed by 60 min reperfusion in isolated perfused rat lungs. Rats were randomly assigned to one of six groups: control, control + acetate (400 mg/kg), IR, and IR + acetate at one of three dosages (100, 200, 400 mg/kg). Bronchoalveolar lavage fluids (BALF) and lung tissues were obtained and analyzed at the end of the experiment. In vitro, mouse lung epithelial cells (MLE-12) subjected to hypoxia-reoxygenation (HR) were pretreated with acetate (25 mmol/L) and GPR41 or GPR43 siRNA. Acetate decreased lung weight gain, lung weight/body weight ratios, wet/dry weight ratios, pulmonary artery pressure, and protein concentration of the BALF in a dose-dependent manner for IR-induced ALI. Acetate also significantly inhibited the production of TNF-α, IL-6 and CINC-1 in the BALF. Moreover, acetate treatment restored suppressed IκB-α levels and reduced nuclear NF-κB p65 levels in lung tissues. In addition, acetate mitigated IR-induced apoptosis and tight junction disruption in injured lung tissue. In vitro analyses showed that acetate attenuated NF-κB activation and KC/CXCL-1 levels in MLE-12 cells exposed to HR. The protective effects of acetate in vitro were significantly abrogated by GPR41 or GPR43 siRNA. Acetate ameliorates IR-induced acute lung inflammation and its protective mechanism appears to be via the GPR41/43 signaling pathway. Based on our findings, acetate may provide a novel adjuvant therapeutic approach for IR-induced lung injury.
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Zhang Z, Bao Z, Gao P, Yao J, Wang P, Chai D. Diverse Roles of F-BoxProtein3 in Regulation of Various Cellular Functions. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 9:802204. [PMID: 35127719 PMCID: PMC8807484 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.802204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Accumulated evidence shows that the F-box protein 3 (FBXO3) has multiple biological functions, including regulation of immune pathologies, neuropathic diseases and antiviral response. In this review article, we focus on the role of FBXO3 in inflammatory disorders and human malignancies. We also describe the substrates of FBXO3, which contribute to inflammatory disorders and cancers. We highlight that the high expression of FBXO3 is frequently observed in rheumatoid arthritis, leukemia, pituitary adenoma, and oral squamous cell carcinoma. Moreover, we discuss the regulation of FBXO3 by both carcinogens and cancer preventive agents. Our review provides a comprehensive understanding of the role of FBXO3 in various biological systems and elucidates how FBXO3 regulates substrate ubiquitination and degradation during various physiological and pathological processes. Therefore, FBXO3 can be a novel target in the treatment of human diseases including carcinomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyang Zhang
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, China
| | - Zhengqi Bao
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, China
| | - Penglian Gao
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, China
| | - Junyi Yao
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, China
| | - Peter Wang
- Bengbu Medical College Key Laboratory of Cancer Research and Clinical Laboratory Diagnosis, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
- *Correspondence: Peter Wang, ; Damin Chai,
| | - Damin Chai
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, China
- *Correspondence: Peter Wang, ; Damin Chai,
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Jia L, Cui W, Chen J, Yang J, Xue X, Cai J, Zhao W, Gao W. Erythropoietin alleviates acute lung injury induced by ischemia-reperfusion through blocking p38 MAPK signaling. Hum Exp Toxicol 2021; 40:S593-S602. [PMID: 34784828 DOI: 10.1177/09603271211043480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Erythropoietin (EPO) has antiapoptotic, antioxidative, and anti-inflammatory effects on ischemia tissues and protects against acute lung injury (ALI) induced by ischemia-reperfusion (I/R). p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases (p38 MAPK) signaling is involved in the processes of I/R-induced ALI. However, the interaction of EPO with p38 MAPK signaling in I/R-induced ALI has not been reported. To explore this issue, we constructed an I/R-induced ALI model in vivo and in vitro using Sprague Dawley rats and BEAS-2B cells. Some I/R rats and hypoxia-reoxygenation (H/R)-induced cells were treated with EPO, and the others were used as control groups. The injuries of lung tissues and cells were respectively assessed by inflammatory cytokine, morphologic changes, cell viability, apoptosis, and oxidative damage-related factors. Western blot determined key proteins in the p38 MAPK signaling. Results indicated that I/R induced the increase of inflammatory factors, lung weight, filtration coefficient, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid protein content, apoptosis, neutrophil, and lung peroxidation, and H/R caused cell growth inhibition, apoptosis, and oxidative damage-related factors' release. EPO attenuated I/R-induced injury in vivo and in vitro. Furthermore, the increase of p-p38, p-JNK, and p-ERK1/2 in lung tissues and cells induced by I/R was downregulated by EPO. Moreover, both EPO and an inhibitor of p38 MAPK (SB203580) alleviated H/R-induced cell injury. Erythropoietin along with SB203580 had more obvious protection effects than EPO alone. Collectively, EPO alleviated I/R-induced ALI by blocking p38 MAPK signaling. The interaction mechanism of EPO with p38 MAPK signaling contributes to understanding the processes of I/R-induced ALI and provides new insights for the disease treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Jia
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, 572527Sir Run Run Hospital Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenjing Cui
- Department of Radiology, 375808Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiao Chen
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, 572527Sir Run Run Hospital Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jinghui Yang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, 572527Sir Run Run Hospital Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiang Xue
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, 572527Sir Run Run Hospital Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jianqin Cai
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, 572527Sir Run Run Hospital Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wei Zhao
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, 572527Sir Run Run Hospital Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wei Gao
- Department of Geriatrics, 572527Sir Run Run Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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Chu SJ, Tang SE, Pao HP, Wu SY, Liao WI. Protease-Activated Receptor-1 Antagonist Protects Against Lung Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:752507. [PMID: 34658893 PMCID: PMC8514687 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.752507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Protease-activated receptor (PAR)-1 is a thrombin-activated receptor that plays an essential role in ischemia/reperfusion (IR)-induced acute inflammation. PAR-1 antagonists have been shown to alleviate injuries in various IR models. However, the effect of PAR-1 antagonists on IR-induced acute lung injury (ALI) has not yet been elucidated. This study aimed to investigate whether PAR-1 inhibition could attenuate lung IR injury. Lung IR was induced in an isolated perfused rat lung model. Male rats were treated with the specific PAR-1 antagonist SCH530348 (vorapaxar) or vehicle, followed by ischemia for 40 min and reperfusion for 60 min. To examine the role of PAR-1 and the mechanism of SCH530348 in lung IR injury, western blotting and immunohistochemical analysis of lung tissue were performed. In vitro, mouse lung epithelial cells (MLE-12) were treated with SCH530348 or vehicle and subjected to hypoxia-reoxygenation (HR). We found that SCH530348 decreased lung edema and neutrophil infiltration, attenuated thrombin production, reduced inflammatory factors, including cytokine-induced neutrophil chemoattractant-1, interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α, mitigated lung cell apoptosis, and downregulated the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K), nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways in IR-injured lungs. In addition, SCH530348 prevented HR-induced NF-κB activation and inflammatory chemokine production in MLE12 cells. Our results demonstrate that SCH530348 exerts protective effects by blocking PAR-1 expression and modulating the downstream PI3K, NF-κB and MAPK pathways. These findings indicate that the PAR-1 antagonist protects against IR-induced ALI and is a potential therapeutic candidate for lung protection following IR injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Jye Chu
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shih-En Tang
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Internal Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Institute of Aerospace and Undersea Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Ping Pao
- The Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Yu Wu
- Institute of Aerospace and Undersea Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wen-I Liao
- Department of Emergency Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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10
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Chen X, Huang J. Mangiferin inhibits hypoxia/reoxygenation-induced alveolar epithelial cell injury via the SIRT1/AMPK signaling pathway. Exp Ther Med 2021; 22:1220. [PMID: 34603517 PMCID: PMC8453333 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.10654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung ischemia-reperfusion injury (LIRI) is one of the complications that can occur after lung transplantation and may lead to morbidity and mortality. Mangiferin (MAF) is a naturally occurring glucosyl xanthone that has been documented to possess anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory and potent antioxidant effects. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of MAF on LIRI using a hypoxia-reoxygenation (H/R) cell model. In the present study, the viability of lung alveolar epithelial cells (A549) and H/R-A549 were detected by MTT assay. ELISA was used to evaluate the expression levels of IL-6 and IL-1β. TUNEL assay and western blotting were used to evaluate the apoptosis. In addition, H/R-A549 cells were treated with sirtinol, which is known inhibitor of sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) activity, to determine the effects of MAF on proteins associated with the SIRT1/5'AMP-activate protein kinase (AMPK) signaling pathway using western blotting. The results showed that 20 µM MAF exerted a protective effect on A549 cells against H/R mediating no clear cytotoxic effects. In terms of inflammation, MAF reduced IL-6, IL-1β, cyclooxygenase-2 and inducible nitric oxide synthase expression, which was accompanied by activation of the SIRT1/AMPK signaling pathway. In addition, compared with those in the group treated with sirtinol, expression of SIRT1, Bcl-2 and AMPK activity were elevated in MAF-treated H/R-A549 cells, whereas the expression of Bax, cleaved caspase-3 and cleaved caspase-9 was suppressed. TUNEL analysis of H/R-A549 cells treated with MAF in combination with sirtinol revealed that treatment with sirtinol blocked the SIRT1/AMPK signaling pathway and increased the apoptosis rate compared with the MAF group. Taken together, results of the present study revealed that MAF could inhibit lung H/R cell injury through the SIRT1/AMPK signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianfeng Chen
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Affiliated People's Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315040, P.R. China
| | - Juanjuan Huang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Affiliated People's Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315040, P.R. China
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11
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Tang SE, Liao WI, Pao HP, Hsu CW, Wu SY, Huang KL, Chu SJ. Poloxamer 188 Attenuates Ischemia-Reperfusion-Induced Lung Injury by Maintaining Cell Membrane Integrity and Inhibiting Multiple Signaling Pathways. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:650573. [PMID: 34335242 PMCID: PMC8319770 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.650573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Poloxamer 188 (P188) possesses anti-inflammatory properties and can help to maintain plasma membrane function. P188 has been reported to exert beneficial effects in the treatment of various disorders. However, the effects of P188 in ischemia/reperfusion (IR)-induced acute lung injury have not been examined. Methods: We investigated the ability of P188 to attenuate IR-induced acute lung injury in rats and hypoxia/reoxygenation (HR) injury in murine epithelial cells. Isolated perfused rat lungs were exposed to 40 min ischemia followed by 60 min reperfusion to induce IR injury. Results: IR led to lung edema, increased pulmonary arterial pressure, promoted lung tissue inflammation and oxidative stress, and upregulated the levels of TNF-α, IL-6 and CINC-1, and increased Lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) activity in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. IR also downregulated the levels of inhibitor of κB (IκB-α), upregulated nuclear factor (NF)-κB (NF-κB), and promoted apoptosis in lung tissues. P188 significantly suppressed all these effects. In vitro, P188 also exerted a similar effect in murine lung epithelial cells exposed to HR. Furthermore, P188 reduced the number of propidium iodide-positive cells, maintained cell membrane integrity, and enhanced cell membrane repair following HR. Conclusion: We conclude that P188 protects against lung IR injury by suppressing multiple signaling pathways and maintaining cell membrane integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shih-En Tang
- Institute of Aerospace and Undersea Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wen-I Liao
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Ping Pao
- The Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Wang Hsu
- Department of Emergency and Critical Medicine, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Yu Wu
- Institute of Aerospace and Undersea Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kun-Lun Huang
- Institute of Aerospace and Undersea Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shi-Jye Chu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
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12
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Pao HP, Liao WI, Tang SE, Wu SY, Huang KL, Chu SJ. Suppression of Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress by 4-PBA Protects Against Hyperoxia-Induced Acute Lung Injury via Up-Regulating Claudin-4 Expression. Front Immunol 2021; 12:674316. [PMID: 34122432 PMCID: PMC8194262 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.674316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress that disrupts ER function can occur in response to a wide variety of cellular stress factors leads to the accumulation of unfolded and misfolded proteins in the ER. Many studies have shown that ER stress amplified inflammatory reactions and was involved in various inflammatory diseases. However, little is known regarding the role of ER stress in hyperoxia-induced acute lung injury (HALI). This study investigated the influence of ER stress inhibitor, 4-phenyl butyric acid (4-PBA), in mice with HALI. Treatment with 4-PBA in the hyperoxia groups significantly prolonged the survival, decreased lung edema, and reduced the levels of inflammatory mediators, lactate dehydrogenase, and protein in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, and increased claudin-4 protein expression in lung tissue. Moreover, 4-PBA reduced the ER stress-related protein expression, NF-κB activation, and apoptosis in the lung tissue. In in vitro study, 4-PBA also exerted a similar effect in hyperoxia-exposed mouse lung epithelial cells (MLE-12). However, when claudin-4 siRNA was administrated in mice and MLE-12 cells, the protective effect of 4-PBA was abrogated. These results suggested that 4-PBA protected against hyperoxia-induced ALI via enhancing claudin-4 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsin-Ping Pao
- The Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wen-I Liao
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shih-En Tang
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan.,Institute of Aerospace and Undersea Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Yu Wu
- Institute of Aerospace and Undersea Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kun-Lun Huang
- The Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shi-Jye Chu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
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13
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Budroni V, Versteeg GA. Negative Regulation of the Innate Immune Response through Proteasomal Degradation and Deubiquitination. Viruses 2021; 13:584. [PMID: 33808506 PMCID: PMC8066222 DOI: 10.3390/v13040584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The rapid and dynamic activation of the innate immune system is achieved through complex signaling networks regulated by post-translational modifications modulating the subcellular localization, activity, and abundance of signaling molecules. Many constitutively expressed signaling molecules are present in the cell in inactive forms, and become functionally activated once they are modified with ubiquitin, and, in turn, inactivated by removal of the same post-translational mark. Moreover, upon infection resolution a rapid remodeling of the proteome needs to occur, ensuring the removal of induced response proteins to prevent hyperactivation. This review discusses the current knowledge on the negative regulation of innate immune signaling pathways by deubiquitinating enzymes, and through degradative ubiquitination. It focusses on spatiotemporal regulation of deubiquitinase and E3 ligase activities, mechanisms for re-establishing proteostasis, and degradation through immune-specific feedback mechanisms vs. general protein quality control pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gijs A. Versteeg
- Max Perutz Labs, Department of Microbiology, Immunobiology, and Genetics, University of Vienna, Vienna Biocenter (VBC), 1030 Vienna, Austria;
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14
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Liao WI, Wu SY, Tsai SH, Pao HP, Huang KL, Chu SJ. 2-Methoxyestradiol Protects Against Lung Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury by Upregulating Annexin A1 Protein Expression. Front Immunol 2021; 12:596376. [PMID: 33796096 PMCID: PMC8007881 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.596376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: 2-Methoxyestradiol (2ME), a natural 17-β estradiol metabolite, is a potent anti-inflammatory agent, but its effect on ischemia/reperfusion (IR)-induced acute lung inflammation remains unknown. Annexin A1 (AnxA1), a glucocorticoid-regulated protein, is effective at inhibiting neutrophil transendothelial migration by binding the formyl peptide receptors (FPRs). We aimed to investigate whether 2ME upregulates the expression of AnxA1 and protects against IR-induced lung damage. Methods: IR-mediated acute lung inflammation was induced by ischemia for 40 min followed by reperfusion for 60 min in an isolated, perfused rat lung model. The rat lungs were randomly treated with vehicle or 2ME, and the functional relevance of AnxA1 was determined using an anti-AnxA1 antibody or BOC2 (a pan-receptor antagonist of the FPR). In vitro, human primary alveolar epithelial cells (HPAECs) and rat neutrophils were pretreated with 2ME and an AnxA1 siRNA or anti-AnxA1 antibody and subjected to hypoxia-reoxygenation (HR). Results: 2ME significantly decreased all lung edema parameters, neutrophil infiltration, oxidative stress, proinflammatory cytokine production, lung cell apoptosis, tight junction protein disruption, and lung tissue injury in the IR-induced acute lung inflammation model. 2ME also increased the expression of the AnxA1 mRNA and protein and suppressed the activation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB). In vitro, 2ME attenuated HR-triggered NF-κB activation and interleukin-8 production in HPAECs, decreased transendothelial migration, tumor necrosis factor-α production, and increased apoptosis in neutrophils exposed to HR. These protective effects of 2ME were significantly abrogated by BOC2, the anti-AnxA1 antibody, or AnxA1 siRNA. Conclusions: 2ME ameliorates IR-induced acute lung inflammation by increasing AnxA1 expression. Based on these results, 2ME may be a promising agent for attenuating IR-induced lung injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-I Liao
- The Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Yu Wu
- Institute of Aerospace and Undersea Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Hung Tsai
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Graduate Institute of Physiology, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Ping Pao
- The Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kun-Lun Huang
- The Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Aerospace and Undersea Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shi-Jye Chu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
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15
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MiR-142-3p Attenuates Oxygen Glucose Deprivation/Reoxygenation-Induced Injury by Targeting FBXO3 in Human Neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y Cells. World Neurosurg 2020; 136:e149-e157. [DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2019.12.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Revised: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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16
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Tang SE, Liao WI, Wu SY, Pao HP, Huang KL, Chu SJ. The Blockade of Store-Operated Calcium Channels Improves Decompression Sickness in Rats. Front Physiol 2020; 10:1616. [PMID: 32082179 PMCID: PMC7005134 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.01616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Previous investigations reveal that BTP2, a store-operated calcium channel blocker, has protective and anti-inflammatory properties in multiple inflammatory diseases. This study investigates whether BTP2 can protect against decompression sickness (DCS) in a rat model. Methods BTP2 (2 mg/kg) was administered to male Sprague–Dawley rats 30 min before subjecting them to hyperbaric pressure. Control rats were not treated. After decompression, signs of DCS were examined, and samples of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and lung tissue were obtained for evaluation. Results The incidence and mortality of DCS were decreased significantly in rats treated with BTP2 compared to those treated with dimethyl sulfoxide. BTP2 significantly attenuated DCS-induced lung edema, histological evidence of lung inflammation, necroptosis, and apoptosis, while it decreased levels of tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin-6, and cytokine-induced neutrophil chemoattractant-1 in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. In addition, BTP2 reduced the expression of nuclear factor of activated T cells and early growth response protein 3 in lung tissue. BTP2 also significantly increased the levels of inhibitor kappa B alpha and suppressed the levels of nuclear factor kappa B in lung tissue. Conclusion The results suggest that BTP2 may has potential as a prophylactic therapy to attenuate DCS-induced injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shih-En Tang
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Aerospace and Undersea Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wen-I Liao
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Yu Wu
- Graduate Institute of Aerospace and Undersea Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Ping Pao
- Graduate Institute of Aerospace and Undersea Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kun-Lun Huang
- Graduate Institute of Aerospace and Undersea Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shi-Jye Chu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
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