1
|
Nishiguchi R, Tanaka T, Hayashida J, Nakagita T, Zhou W, Takeda H. Evaluation of Cell-Free Synthesized Human Channel Proteins for In Vitro Channel Research. MEMBRANES 2022; 13:48. [PMID: 36676855 PMCID: PMC9861611 DOI: 10.3390/membranes13010048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Despite channel proteins being important drug targets, studies on channel proteins remain limited, as the proteins are difficult to express and require correct complex formation within membranes. Although several in vitro synthesized recombinant channels have been reported, considering the vast diversity of the structures and functions of channel proteins, it remains unclear which classes of channels cell-free synthesis can be applied to. In this study, we synthesized 250 clones of human channels, including ion channel pore-forming subunits, gap junction proteins, porins, and regulatory subunits, using a wheat cell-free membrane protein production system, and evaluated their synthetic efficiency and function. Western blotting confirmed that 95% of the channels were successfully synthesized, including very large channels with molecular weights of over 200 kDa. A subset of 47 voltage-gated potassium ion channels was further analyzed using a planar lipid bilayer assay, out of which 80% displayed a voltage-dependent opening in the assay. We co-synthesized KCNB1 and KCNS3, a known heteromeric complex pair, and demonstrated that these channels interact on a liposome. These results indicate that cell-free protein synthesis provides a promising solution for channel studies to overcome the bottleneck of in vitro protein production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rei Nishiguchi
- Proteo-Science Center, Ehime University, Bunkyocho 3, Matsuyama 790-8577, Ehime, Japan
| | - Toyohisa Tanaka
- Proteo-Science Center, Ehime University, Bunkyocho 3, Matsuyama 790-8577, Ehime, Japan
| | - Jun Hayashida
- Nissan Chemical Corporation, Shiraoka 1470, Shiraoka 349-0294, Saitama, Japan
| | - Tomoya Nakagita
- Proteo-Science Center, Ehime University, Bunkyocho 3, Matsuyama 790-8577, Ehime, Japan
| | - Wei Zhou
- Proteo-Science Center, Ehime University, Bunkyocho 3, Matsuyama 790-8577, Ehime, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Takeda
- Proteo-Science Center, Ehime University, Bunkyocho 3, Matsuyama 790-8577, Ehime, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Schroder RV, Cohen LS, Wang P, Arizala JD, Poget SF. Expression, Purification and Refolding of a Human Na V1.7 Voltage Sensing Domain with Native-like Toxin Binding Properties. Toxins (Basel) 2021; 13:toxins13100722. [PMID: 34679015 PMCID: PMC8541342 DOI: 10.3390/toxins13100722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The voltage-gated sodium channel NaV1.7 is an important target for drug development due to its role in pain perception. Recombinant expression of full-length channels and their use for biophysical characterization of interactions with potential drug candidates is challenging due to the protein size and complexity. To overcome this issue, we developed a protocol for the recombinant expression in E. coli and refolding into lipids of the isolated voltage sensing domain (VSD) of repeat II of NaV1.7, obtaining yields of about 2 mg of refolded VSD from 1 L bacterial cell culture. This VSD is known to be involved in the binding of a number of gating-modifier toxins, including the tarantula toxins ProTx-II and GpTx-I. Binding studies using microscale thermophoresis showed that recombinant refolded VSD binds both of these toxins with dissociation constants in the high nM range, and their relative binding affinities reflect the relative IC50 values of these toxins for full-channel inhibition. Additionally, we expressed mutant VSDs incorporating single amino acid substitutions that had previously been shown to affect the activity of ProTx-II on full channel. We found decreases in GpTx-I binding affinity for these mutants, consistent with a similar binding mechanism for GpTx-I as compared to that of ProTx-II. Therefore, this recombinant VSD captures many of the native interactions between NaV1.7 and tarantula gating-modifier toxins and represents a valuable tool for elucidating details of toxin binding and specificity that could help in the design of non-addictive pain medication acting through NaV1.7 inhibition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ryan V. Schroder
- Department of Chemistry, College of Staten Island, University of New York, 2800 Victory Blvd., Staten Island, NY 10314, USA; (R.V.S.); (L.S.C.); (P.W.); (J.D.A.)
- The Ph.D. Program in Biochemistry, The Graduate Center of the City University of New York, 365 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Leah S. Cohen
- Department of Chemistry, College of Staten Island, University of New York, 2800 Victory Blvd., Staten Island, NY 10314, USA; (R.V.S.); (L.S.C.); (P.W.); (J.D.A.)
| | - Ping Wang
- Department of Chemistry, College of Staten Island, University of New York, 2800 Victory Blvd., Staten Island, NY 10314, USA; (R.V.S.); (L.S.C.); (P.W.); (J.D.A.)
| | - Joekeem D. Arizala
- Department of Chemistry, College of Staten Island, University of New York, 2800 Victory Blvd., Staten Island, NY 10314, USA; (R.V.S.); (L.S.C.); (P.W.); (J.D.A.)
- The Ph.D. Program in Biochemistry, The Graduate Center of the City University of New York, 365 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Sébastien F. Poget
- Department of Chemistry, College of Staten Island, University of New York, 2800 Victory Blvd., Staten Island, NY 10314, USA; (R.V.S.); (L.S.C.); (P.W.); (J.D.A.)
- The Ph.D. Program in Biochemistry, The Graduate Center of the City University of New York, 365 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10016, USA
- The Ph.D. Program in Chemistry, The Graduate Center of the City University of New York, 365 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10016, USA
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Structural Pharmacology of Voltage-Gated Sodium Channels. J Mol Biol 2021; 433:166967. [PMID: 33794261 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2021.166967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Voltage-gated sodium (NaV) channels initiate and propagate action potentials in excitable tissues to mediate key physiological processes including heart contraction and nervous system function. Accordingly, NaV channels are major targets for drugs, toxins and disease-causing mutations. Recent breakthroughs in cryo-electron microscopy have led to the visualization of human NaV1.1, NaV1.2, NaV1.4, NaV1.5 and NaV1.7 channel subtypes at high-resolution. These landmark studies have greatly advanced our structural understanding of channel architecture, ion selectivity, voltage-sensing, electromechanical coupling, fast inactivation, and the molecular basis underlying NaV channelopathies. NaV channel structures have also been increasingly determined in complex with toxin and small molecule modulators that target either the pore module or voltage sensor domains. These structural studies have provided new insights into the mechanisms of pharmacological action and opportunities for subtype-selective NaV channel drug design. This review will highlight the structural pharmacology of human NaV channels as well as the potential use of engineered and chimeric channels in future drug discovery efforts.
Collapse
|
4
|
Myshkin MY, Paramonov AS, Kulbatskii DS, Surkova EA, Berkut AA, Vassilevski AA, Lyukmanova EN, Kirpichnikov MP, Shenkarev ZO. Voltage-Sensing Domain of the Third Repeat of Human Skeletal Muscle NaV1.4 Channel As a New Target for Spider Gating Modifier Toxins. Acta Naturae 2021; 13:134-139. [PMID: 33959393 PMCID: PMC8084291 DOI: 10.32607/actanaturae.11279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Voltage-gated sodium channels (NaV) have a modular architecture and contain
five membrane domains. The central pore domain is responsible for ion
conduction and contains a selectivity filter, while the four peripheral
voltage-sensing domains (VSD-I/IV) are responsible for activation and rapid
inactivation of the channel. “Gating modifier” toxins from
arthropod venoms interact with VSDs, influencing the activation and/or
inactivation of the channel, and may serve as prototypes of new drugs for the
treatment of various channelopathies and pain syndromes. The toxin-binding
sites located on VSD-I, II and IV of mammalian NaV channels have been
previously described. In this work, using the example of the Hm-3 toxin from
the crab spider Heriaeus melloteei, we showed the presence of
a toxin-binding site on VSD-III of the human skeletal muscle NaV1.4 channel. A
developed cell-free protein synthesis system provided milligram quantities of
isolated (separated from the channel) VSD-III and its 15N-labeled analogue. The
interactions between VSD-III and Hm-3 were studied by NMR spectroscopy in the
membrane-like environment of DPC/LDAO (1 : 1) micelles. Hm-3 has a relatively
high affinity to VSD-III (dissociation constant of the complex Kd ~6 μM),
comparable to the affinity to VSD‑I and exceeding the affinity to VSD-II.
Within the complex, the positively charged Lys25 and Lys28 residues of the
toxin probably interact with the S1–S2 extracellular loop of VSD-III. The
Hm-3 molecule also contacts the lipid bilayer surrounding the channel.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M. Yu. Myshkin
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117997 Russia
| | - A. S. Paramonov
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117997 Russia
| | - D. S. Kulbatskii
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117997 Russia
| | - E. A. Surkova
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117997 Russia
| | - A. A. Berkut
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117997 Russia
| | - A. A. Vassilevski
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117997 Russia
| | - E. N. Lyukmanova
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117997 Russia
- Biological Faculty, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119234 Russia
| | - M. P. Kirpichnikov
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117997 Russia
- Biological Faculty, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119234 Russia
| | - Z. O. Shenkarev
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117997 Russia
| |
Collapse
|