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Zhang Y, Wu W, Xu C, Yang H, Huang G. Antitumoral Potential of the Histone Demethylase Inhibitor GSK-J4 in Retinoblastoma. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2024; 65:34. [PMID: 38393716 PMCID: PMC10901251 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.65.2.34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose The purpose of this study was to investigate the antitumor effects of GSK-J4 on retinoblastoma, as well as its related biological functions and molecular mechanisms. Methods The antitumor effect of GSK-J4 on retinoblastoma was evaluated by in vitro and in vivo assays. CCK-8, EdU incorporation, and soft agar colony formation assays were performed to examine the effect of GSK-J4 on cell proliferation. Flow cytometry was used to evaluate the effect of GSK-J4 on the cell cycle and apoptosis. RNA-seq and Western blotting were conducted to explore the molecular mechanisms of GSK-J4. An orthotopic xenograft model was established to determine the effect of GSK-J4 on tumor growth. Results GSK-J4 significantly inhibited retinoblastoma cell proliferation both in vitro and in vivo, arrested the cell cycle at G2/M phase, and induced apoptosis. Mechanistically, GSK-J4 may suppress retinoblastoma cell growth by regulating the PI3K/AKT/NF-κB signaling pathway. Conclusions The antitumor effects of GSK-J4 were noticeable in retinoblastoma and were at least partially mediated by PI3K/AKT/NF-κB pathway suppression. Our study provides a novel strategy for the treatment of retinoblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyan Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, PR China
- Medical Department of Graduate School, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, PR China
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Metastasis and Precision Therapy, Center Laboratory, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, PR China
| | - Weiqi Wu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, PR China
- Medical Department of Graduate School, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, PR China
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Metastasis and Precision Therapy, Center Laboratory, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, PR China
| | - Caixia Xu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, PR China
- Medical Department of Graduate School, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, PR China
| | - Hongwei Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, PR China
- Medical Department of Graduate School, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, PR China
| | - Guofu Huang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, PR China
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Metastasis and Precision Therapy, Center Laboratory, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, PR China
- Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China
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Bhattacharya S, Mahato RK, Singh S, Bhatti GK, Mastana SS, Bhatti JS. Advances and challenges in thyroid cancer: The interplay of genetic modulators, targeted therapies, and AI-driven approaches. Life Sci 2023; 332:122110. [PMID: 37734434 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.122110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
Thyroid cancer continues to exhibit a rising incidence globally, predominantly affecting women. Despite stable mortality rates, the unique characteristics of thyroid carcinoma warrant a distinct approach. Differentiated thyroid cancer, comprising most cases, is effectively managed through standard treatments such as thyroidectomy and radioiodine therapy. However, rarer variants, including anaplastic thyroid carcinoma, necessitate specialized interventions, often employing targeted therapies. Although these drugs focus on symptom management, they are not curative. This review delves into the fundamental modulators of thyroid cancers, encompassing genetic, epigenetic, and non-coding RNA factors while exploring their intricate interplay and influence. Epigenetic modifications directly affect the expression of causal genes, while long non-coding RNAs impact the function and expression of micro-RNAs, culminating in tumorigenesis. Additionally, this article provides a concise overview of the advantages and disadvantages associated with pharmacological and non-pharmacological therapeutic interventions in thyroid cancer. Furthermore, with technological advancements, integrating modern software and computing into healthcare and medical practices has become increasingly prevalent. Artificial intelligence and machine learning techniques hold the potential to predict treatment outcomes, analyze data, and develop personalized therapeutic approaches catering to patient specificity. In thyroid cancer, cutting-edge machine learning and deep learning technologies analyze factors such as ultrasonography results for tumor textures and biopsy samples from fine needle aspirations, paving the way for a more accurate and effective therapeutic landscape in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srinjan Bhattacharya
- Laboratory of Translational Medicine and Nanotherapeutics, Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Medicine, School of Health Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda 151401, Punjab, India
| | - Rahul Kumar Mahato
- Laboratory of Translational Medicine and Nanotherapeutics, Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Medicine, School of Health Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda 151401, Punjab, India
| | - Satwinder Singh
- Department of Computer Science and Technology, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda 151401, Punjab, India.
| | - Gurjit Kaur Bhatti
- Department of Medical Lab Technology, University Institute of Applied Health Sciences, Chandigarh University, Mohali, India
| | - Sarabjit Singh Mastana
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Epinal Way, Leicestershire, Loughborough LE11 3TU, UK.
| | - Jasvinder Singh Bhatti
- Laboratory of Translational Medicine and Nanotherapeutics, Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Medicine, School of Health Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda 151401, Punjab, India.
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JMJD family proteins in cancer and inflammation. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2022; 7:304. [PMID: 36050314 PMCID: PMC9434538 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-022-01145-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The occurrence of cancer entails a series of genetic mutations that favor uncontrollable tumor growth. It is believed that various factors collectively contribute to cancer, and there is no one single explanation for tumorigenesis. Epigenetic changes such as the dysregulation of enzymes modifying DNA or histones are actively involved in oncogenesis and inflammatory response. The methylation of lysine residues on histone proteins represents a class of post-translational modifications. The human Jumonji C domain-containing (JMJD) protein family consists of more than 30 members. The JMJD proteins have long been identified with histone lysine demethylases (KDM) and histone arginine demethylases activities and thus could function as epigenetic modulators in physiological processes and diseases. Importantly, growing evidence has demonstrated the aberrant expression of JMJD proteins in cancer and inflammatory diseases, which might serve as an underlying mechanism for the initiation and progression of such diseases. Here, we discuss the role of key JMJD proteins in cancer and inflammation, including the intensively studied histone lysine demethylases, as well as the understudied group of JMJD members. In particular, we focused on epigenetic changes induced by each JMJD member and summarized recent research progress evaluating their therapeutic potential for the treatment of cancer and inflammatory diseases.
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Zheng H, Lin Q, Rao Y. A-Kinase Interacting Protein 1 Knockdown Restores Chemosensitivity via Inactivating PI3K/AKT and β-Catenin Pathways in Anaplastic Thyroid Carcinoma. Front Oncol 2022; 12:854702. [PMID: 35965570 PMCID: PMC9366429 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.854702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BackgroundA-kinase interacting protein 1 (AKIP1) promotes tumor progression and chemoresistance in several malignancies; meanwhile, it is related to higher tumor size and recurrence risk of papillary thyroid carcinoma, while the role of AKIP1 in anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC) is unclear. The aim of this study is to explore the effect of AKIP1 knockdown on cell malignant behaviors and doxorubicin resistance in ATC.MethodsAKIP1 knockdown was conducted in ATC cell lines (8505C and CAL-62 cells) by siRNA; then, cell viability, apoptosis, invasion, PI3K/AKT and β-catenin pathways, and doxorubicin sensitivity were detected. Subsequently, doxorubicin-resistant 8505C cells (8505C/Dox) were established. Additionally, AKIP1 was modified in 8505C and 8505C/Dox cells that underwent doxorubicin treatment by siRNA or overexpression plasmid, followed by cellular function and pathway detection.ResultsAKIP1 was elevated in FRO, 8505C, CAL-62, and KHM-5M cells compared to control cells (all p < 0.05). Subsequently, AKIP1 knockdown elevated apoptosis, inhibited viability and invasion, and inactivated PI3K/AKT and β-catenin pathways in 8505C and CAL-62 cells (all p < 0.05). AKIP1 knockdown decreased relative cell viability in doxorubicin-treated 8505C and CAL-62 cells; then, AKIP1 was elevated in 8505C/Dox cells compared to 8505C cells (all p < 0.05). Furthermore, AKIP1 knockdown restored doxorubicin sensitivity (reflected by decreased cell viability and invasion, and increased apoptosis), but inactivated PI3K/AKT and β-catenin pathways in doxorubicin-treated 8505C/Dox cells. However, AKIP1 overexpression presented an opposite effect on these functions and pathways in doxorubicin-treated 8505C cells.ConclusionAKIP1 knockdown decreases cell survival and invasion while promoting sensitivity to doxorubicin via inactivating PI3K/AKT and β-catenin pathways in ATC.
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Kleszcz R, Skalski M, Krajka-Kuźniak V, Paluszczak J. The inhibitors of KDM4 and KDM6 histone lysine demethylases enhance the anti-growth effects of erlotinib and HS-173 in head and neck cancer cells. Eur J Pharm Sci 2021; 166:105961. [PMID: 34363938 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2021.105961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Novel therapeutics are required to improve treatment outcomes in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) patients. Histone lysine demethylases (KDM) have emerged recently as new potential drug targets for HNSCC therapy. They might also potentiate the action of the inhibitors of EGFR and PI3K signaling pathways. This study aimed at evaluating the anti-cancer effects of KDM4 (ML324) and KDM6 (GSK-J4) inhibitors and their combinations with EGFR (erlotinib) and PI3K (HS-173) inhibitors in HNSCC cells. The effect of the inhibitors on the viability of CAL27 and FaDu cells was evaluated using resazurin assay. The effect of the chemicals on cell cycle and apoptosis was assessed using propidium iodide and Annexin V staining, respectively. The effect of the compounds on gene expression was determined using qPCR and Western blot. The changes in cell cycle distribution upon treatment with the compounds were small to moderate, with the exception of erlotinib, which induced G1 arrest. However, all the compounds and their combinations induced apoptosis in both cell lines. These effects were associated with changes in the level of expression of CDKN1A, CCND1 and BIRC5. The inhibition of KDM4 and KDM6 using ML324 and GSK-J4, respectively, can be regarded as a novel therapeutic strategy in HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Kleszcz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, ul. Święcickiego 4, 60-781 Poznań, Poland
| | - Marcin Skalski
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, ul. Święcickiego 4, 60-781 Poznań, Poland
| | - Violetta Krajka-Kuźniak
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, ul. Święcickiego 4, 60-781 Poznań, Poland
| | - Jarosław Paluszczak
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, ul. Święcickiego 4, 60-781 Poznań, Poland.
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Banchi M, Orlandi P, Gentile D, Alì G, Fini E, Fontanini G, Francia G, Bocci G. Synergistic activity of linifanib and irinotecan increases the survival of mice bearing orthotopically implanted human anaplastic thyroid cancer. Am J Cancer Res 2020; 10:2120-2127. [PMID: 32775005 PMCID: PMC7407355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) is the most aggressive form of thyroid cancer, and novel combined therapies are urgently needed to prolong patient survival. No data are currently available on the preclinical activity of the combination of linifanib, a CSF-1R inhibitor, and irinotecan in ATC. The aim of the study was to evaluate the in vitro and in vivo activity of linifanib plus irinotecan. Proliferation and apoptosis assays were performed on 8305C and 8505C human ATC cell lines exposed to SN-38, the active metabolite of irinotecan, linifanib alone, and their concomitant combination. Synergism was evaluated by the combination index method. Quantification of pospho-CSF-1R levels was performed by ELISA. In vivo ATC orthotopic xenografts were treated with the single drugs, or their combination, to evaluate their impact on survival. Histology and immunohistochemistry were performed on ATC tissue samples. Both SN-38 and linifanib inhibited in vitro the proliferation of 8305C and 8505C cells in a concentration-dependent manner, whereas their concomitant treatment revealed a strong synergism in the ATC cells. A significant pro-apoptotic activity was found in both ATC cell lines treated with linifanib alone and in combination with SN-38. Moreover, linifanib significantly decreased the levels of phospho-CSF-1R after 24 h and 72 h in both 8505C and 8305C cells, and this was also observed with the concomitant administration of SN-38. In vivo, the combination of linifanib and irinotecan produced a greater survival result than either monotherapy, and resulted in a significant higher median survival. In some of the mice the combination produced a complete response with a macroscopic disappearance of the disease, as confirmed by histology. In conclusion, the synergistic ATC antitumor activity of linifanib/irinotecan combination significantly increased the survival of ATC affected mice and induced some complete responses, suggesting a potential role of this schedule in ATC patient's treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Banchi
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Sperimentale, Università di PisaPisa, Italy
| | - Paola Orlandi
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Sperimentale, Università di PisaPisa, Italy
| | - Daniela Gentile
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Sperimentale, Università di PisaPisa, Italy
| | - Greta Alì
- Dipartimento di Patologia Chirurgica, Medica, Molecolare e Dell’Area Critica, Università di PisaPisa, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Fini
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Sperimentale, Università di PisaPisa, Italy
| | - Gabriella Fontanini
- Dipartimento di Patologia Chirurgica, Medica, Molecolare e Dell’Area Critica, Università di PisaPisa, Italy
| | - Giulio Francia
- Border Biomedical Research Center, University of Texas at El PasoEl Paso, TX, USA
| | - Guido Bocci
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Sperimentale, Università di PisaPisa, Italy
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