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Fan L, Zhuang Y, Wu H, Li H, Xu Y, Wang Y, He L, Wang S, Chen Z, Cheng J, Xu HE, Wang S. Structural basis of psychedelic LSD recognition at dopamine D 1 receptor. Neuron 2024:S0896-6273(24)00494-X. [PMID: 39094559 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2024.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Revised: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
Understanding the kinetics of LSD in receptors and subsequent induced signaling is crucial for comprehending both the psychoactive and therapeutic effects of LSD. Despite extensive research on LSD's interactions with serotonin 2A and 2B receptors, its behavior on other targets, including dopamine receptors, has remained elusive. Here, we present cryo-EM structures of LSD/PF6142-bound dopamine D1 receptor (DRD1)-legobody complexes, accompanied by a β-arrestin-mimicking nanobody, NBA3, shedding light on the determinants of G protein coupling versus β-arrestin coupling. Structural analysis unveils a distinctive binding mode of LSD in DRD1, particularly with the ergoline moiety oriented toward TM4. Kinetic investigations uncover an exceptionally rapid dissociation rate of LSD in DRD1, attributed to the flexibility of extracellular loop 2 (ECL2). Moreover, G protein can stabilize ECL2 conformation, leading to a significant slowdown in ligand's dissociation rate. These findings establish a solid foundation for further exploration of G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) dynamics and their relevance to signal transduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luyu Fan
- Key Laboratory of Systems Health Science of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Science, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China.
| | - Youwen Zhuang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Center for Structure and Function of Drug Targets, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Hongyu Wu
- Key Laboratory of Multi-Cell Systems, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Huiqiong Li
- iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China; School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Youwei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Center for Structure and Function of Drug Targets, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yue Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Center for Structure and Function of Drug Targets, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Licong He
- Key Laboratory of Multi-Cell Systems, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Shishan Wang
- Laboratory of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine in Colleges and Universities of Shandong Province, School of Anesthesiology, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang 261021, China
| | - Zhangcheng Chen
- Key Laboratory of Multi-Cell Systems, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Jianjun Cheng
- iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China; School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - H Eric Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Center for Structure and Function of Drug Targets, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Lingang Laboratory, Shanghai 200031, China.
| | - Sheng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Systems Health Science of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Science, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China; Key Laboratory of Multi-Cell Systems, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China.
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2
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Soriano-Ursúa MA, Arias-Montaño JA, Ocampo-Néstor AL, Hernández-Martínez CF, Santillán-Torres I, Andrade-Jorge E, Valdez-Ortiz R, Fernández-Del Valle C, Trujillo-Ferrara JG. In silico identification of a biarylamine acting as agonist at human β 3 adrenoceptors and exerting BRL37344-like effects on mouse metabolism. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2024; 397:2159-2170. [PMID: 37792048 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-023-02753-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
Human β3-adrenoceptor (β3AR) agonists were considered potential agents for the treatment of metabolic disorders. However, compounds tested as β3AR ligands have shown marked differences in pharmacological profile in rodent and human species, although these compounds remain attractive as they were successfully repurposed for the therapy of urinary incontinence. In this work, some biarylamine compounds were designed and tested in silico as potential β3AR agonists on 3-D models of mouse or human β3ARs. Based on the theoretical results, we identified, synthesized and tested a biarylamine compound (polibegron). In CHO-K1 cells expressing the human β3AR, polibegron and the β3AR agonist BRL 37344 were partial agonists for stimulating cAMP accumulation (50 and 57% of the response to isoproterenol, respectively). The potency of polibegron was 1.71- and 4.5-fold higher than that of isoproterenol and BRL37344, respectively. These results indicate that polibegron acts as a potent, but partial, agonist at human β3ARs. In C57BL/6N mice with obesity induced by a high-fat diet, similar effects of the equimolar intraperitoneal administration of polibegron and BRL37344 were observed on weight, visceral fat and plasma levels of glucose, cholesterol and triglycerides. Similarities and differences between species related to ligand-receptor interactions can be useful for drug designing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marvin A Soriano-Ursúa
- Departamentos de Fisiología, Bioquímica y Sección de Estudios de Posgrado E Investigación, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón, 11340, Mexico City, Mexico.
| | - José-Antonio Arias-Montaño
- Departamento de Fisiología, Biofísica y Neurociencias, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del I.P.N., Av. IPN 2508, 07360, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Ana-Lilia Ocampo-Néstor
- Departamentos de Fisiología, Bioquímica y Sección de Estudios de Posgrado E Investigación, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón, 11340, Mexico City, Mexico
- Departamento de Nefrología, Hospital General de México "Dr. Eduardo Liceaga", Dr. Balmis 148, Alc. Cuauhtémoc, 06720, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Christian F Hernández-Martínez
- Departamentos de Fisiología, Bioquímica y Sección de Estudios de Posgrado E Investigación, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón, 11340, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Iván Santillán-Torres
- Departamento de Fisiología, Biofísica y Neurociencias, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del I.P.N., Av. IPN 2508, 07360, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Erik Andrade-Jorge
- Departamentos de Fisiología, Bioquímica y Sección de Estudios de Posgrado E Investigación, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón, 11340, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Rafael Valdez-Ortiz
- Departamento de Nefrología, Hospital General de México "Dr. Eduardo Liceaga", Dr. Balmis 148, Alc. Cuauhtémoc, 06720, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Cecilia Fernández-Del Valle
- Área de Investigación Médica, Productos Medix, S.A. de C.V., Calzada del Hueso 39, Ejido Viejo Santa Úrsula Coapa, Coyoacán, 04650, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - José G Trujillo-Ferrara
- Departamentos de Fisiología, Bioquímica y Sección de Estudios de Posgrado E Investigación, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón, 11340, Mexico City, Mexico.
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3
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Zell L, Bretl A, Temml V, Schuster D. Dopamine Receptor Ligand Selectivity-An In Silico/In Vitro Insight. Biomedicines 2023; 11:1468. [PMID: 37239139 PMCID: PMC10216180 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11051468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Different dopamine receptor (DR) subtypes are involved in pathophysiological conditions such as Parkinson's Disease (PD), schizophrenia and depression. While many DR-targeting drugs have been approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), only a very small number are truly selective for one of the DR subtypes. Additionally, most of them show promiscuous activity at related G-protein coupled receptors, thus suffering from diverse side-effect profiles. Multiple studies have shown that combined in silico/in vitro approaches are a valuable contribution to drug discovery processes. They can also be applied to divulge the mechanisms behind ligand selectivity. In this study, novel DR ligands were investigated in vitro to assess binding affinities at different DR subtypes. Thus, nine D2R/D3R-selective ligands (micro- to nanomolar binding affinities, D3R-selective profile) were successfully identified. The most promising ligand exerted nanomolar D3R activity (Ki = 2.3 nM) with 263.7-fold D2R/D3R selectivity. Subsequently, ligand selectivity was rationalized in silico based on ligand interaction with a secondary binding pocket, supporting the selectivity data determined in vitro. The developed workflow and identified ligands could aid in the further understanding of the structural motifs responsible for DR subtype selectivity, thus benefitting drug development in D2R/D3R-associated pathologies such as PD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Daniela Schuster
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Paracelsus Medical University, 5020 Salzburg, Austria; (L.Z.); (A.B.); (V.T.)
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Suárez Santiago JE, Roldán GR, Picazo O. Ketamine as a pharmacological tool for the preclinical study of memory deficit in schizophrenia. Behav Pharmacol 2023; 34:80-91. [PMID: 36094064 DOI: 10.1097/fbp.0000000000000689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a serious neuropsychiatric disorder characterized by the presence of positive symptoms (hallucinations, delusions, and disorganization of thought and language), negative symptoms (abulia, alogia, and affective flattening), and cognitive impairment (attention deficit, impaired declarative memory, and deficits in social cognition). Dopaminergic hyperactivity seems to explain the positive symptoms, but it does not completely clarify the appearance of negative and cognitive clinical manifestations. Preclinical data have demonstrated that acute and subchronic treatment with NMDA receptor antagonists such as ketamine (KET) represents a useful model that resembles the schizophrenia symptomatology, including cognitive impairment. This latter has been explained as a hypofunction of NMDA receptors located on the GABA parvalbumin-positive interneurons (near to the cortical pyramidal cells), thus generating an imbalance between the inhibitory and excitatory activity in the corticomesolimbic circuits. The use of behavioral models to explore alterations in different domains of memory is vital to learn more about the neurobiological changes that underlie schizophrenia. Thus, to better understand the neurophysiological mechanisms involved in cognitive impairment related to schizophrenia, the purpose of this review is to analyze the most recent findings regarding the effect of KET administration on these processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Eduardo Suárez Santiago
- Escuela Superior de Medicina, Laboratorio de Farmacología Conductual, Instituto Politécnico Nacional
- Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Fisiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Gabriel Roldán Roldán
- Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Fisiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Ofir Picazo
- Escuela Superior de Medicina, Laboratorio de Farmacología Conductual, Instituto Politécnico Nacional
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5
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Castner SA, Zhang L, Yang CR, Hao J, Cramer JW, Wang X, Bruns RF, Marston H, Svensson KA, Williams GV. Effects of DPTQ, a novel positive allosteric modulator of the dopamine D1 receptor, on spontaneous eye blink rate and spatial working memory in the nonhuman primate. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2023; 240:1033-1048. [PMID: 36961560 PMCID: PMC10102062 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-022-06282-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 03/25/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Dopamine (DA) signaling through the D1 receptor has been shown to be integral to multiple aspects of cognition, including the core process of working memory. The discovery of positive allosteric modulators (PAMs) of the D1 receptor has enabled treatment modalities that may have alternative benefits to orthosteric D1 agonists arising from a synergism of action with functional D1 receptor signaling. OBJECTIVES To investigate this potential, we have studied the effects of the novel D1 PAM DPTQ on a spatial delayed response working memory task in the rhesus monkey. Initial studies indicated that DPTQ binds to primate D1R with high affinity and selectivity and elevates spontaneous eye blink rate in rhesus monkeys in a dose-dependent manner consistent with plasma ligand exposures and central D1activation. RESULTS Based on those results, DPTQ was tested at 2.5 mg/kg IM in the working memory task. No acute effect was observed 1 h after dosing, but performance was impaired 48 h later. Remarkably, this deficit was immediately followed by a significant enhancement in cognition over the next 3 days. In a second experiment in which DPTQ was administered on days 1 and 5, the early impairment was smaller and did not reach statistical significance, but statistically significant enhancement of performance was observed over the following week. Lower doses of 0.1 and 1.0 mg/kg were also capable of producing this protracted enhancement without inducing any transient impairment. CONCLUSIONS DPTQ exemplifies a class of D1PAMs that may be capable of providing long-term improvements in working memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stacy A Castner
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale University, 310 Cedar St, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Linli Zhang
- ChemPartner, 99 Lian He North Road, Zhe Lin Town, Fengxian Area, Shanghai, China
| | - Charles R Yang
- ChemPartner, 99 Lian He North Road, Zhe Lin Town, Fengxian Area, Shanghai, China
| | - Junliang Hao
- Eli Lilly & Co, Lilly Corporate Center, Indianapolis, IN, 46285, USA
| | - Jeffrey W Cramer
- Eli Lilly & Co, Lilly Corporate Center, Indianapolis, IN, 46285, USA
| | - Xushan Wang
- Eli Lilly & Co, Lilly Corporate Center, Indianapolis, IN, 46285, USA
| | - Robert F Bruns
- Eli Lilly & Co, Lilly Corporate Center, Indianapolis, IN, 46285, USA
| | | | - Kjell A Svensson
- Eli Lilly & Co, Lilly Corporate Center, Indianapolis, IN, 46285, USA
| | - Graham V Williams
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale University, 310 Cedar St, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA.
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6
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Miao HC, Liu M, Wu F, Li HB. Expression changes of c-Fos and D1R/p-ERK1/2 signal pathways in nucleus accumbens of rats after ketamine abuse. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2022; 629:183-188. [PMID: 36152451 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2022.08.091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Ketamine is a commonly used dissociative anesthetic in clinical applications. However, the abuse potential has posted limits to its use and the mechanism remains to be studied. We aimed to investigate the changes of dopamine D1 receptors (D1R), phosphorylation of extracellular-regulated protein kinase 1/2 (p-ERK1/2), and c-Fos expression in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) of ketamine abuse rats. Ketamine induced severe anxiety in rats, as shown by an open field test. Nissl staining demonstrated clearly different morphologies between neurons of ketamine abuse rats and normal rats. The molecular expression changes were examined using immunohistochemistry assay and western blotting. D1R, p-ERK1/2, and c-Fos were significantly highly-expressed in NAc during ketamine exposure and were decreased by D1R antagonist SCH23390 and MAPK kinases inhibitor U0126. Taken together, the results suggest that ketamine abuse may induce the overexpression of c-Fos in NAc by up-regulating the expression of D1R and p-ERK1/2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua-Chun Miao
- Department of Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wannan Medical College, 22 West Wenchang Road, Wuhu, 241002, China
| | - Min Liu
- Department of Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wannan Medical College, 22 West Wenchang Road, Wuhu, 241002, China
| | - Feng Wu
- Department of Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wannan Medical College, 22 West Wenchang Road, Wuhu, 241002, China
| | - Huai-Bin Li
- Department of Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wannan Medical College, 22 West Wenchang Road, Wuhu, 241002, China.
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7
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Further studies on C2′-substituted 1-phenylbenzazepines as dopamine D1 receptor ligands. Bioorg Chem 2022; 127:105953. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2022.105953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 05/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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8
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Yang Y, Lewis MM, Kong L, Mailman RB. A dopamine D 1 agonist vs. methylphenidate in modulating prefrontal cortical working memory. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2022; 382:88-99. [PMID: 35661631 PMCID: PMC9341252 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.122.001215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Methylphenidate is used widely to treat symptoms of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), but like other stimulants has significant side effects. This study utilized a rodent model (spontaneously hypertensive rat) of spatial working memory (sWM) to compare the effects of methylphenidate with the novel dopamine D1-like receptor agonist 2-methyldihydrexidine. Acute oral administration of methylphenidate (1.5 mg/kg) caused sWM improvement in half of the tested rats, but impairment in the others. Both improvement or impairment were eliminated by administration of the D1 antagonist SCH39266 directly into the prefrontal cortex (PFC). Conversely, 2-methyldihydrexidine showed greater sWM improvement compared to methylphenidate without significant impairment in any subject. Its effects correlated negatively with vehicle-treated baseline performance (i.e., rats with lower baseline performance improved more than rats with higher baseline performance). These behavioral effects were associated with neural activities in the PFC. Single neuron firing rate was changed, leading to the alteration in neuronal preference to correct or error behavioral responses. Overall, 2-methyldihydrexidine was superior to methylphenidate in decreasing the neuronal preference, prospectively, in the animals whose behavior was improved. In contrast, methylphenidate, but not 2-methyldihydrexidine, significantly decreased neuronal preference, retrospectively, in those animals who had impaired performance. These results suggest that a D1 agonist may be more effective than methylphenidate in regulating sWM-related behavior through neural modulation of the PFC, and thus may be superior to methylphenidate or other stimulants as ADHD pharmacotherapy. Significance Statement Methylphenidate is effective in ADHD by its indirect agonist stimulation of dopamine and/or adrenergic receptors, but the precise effects on specific targets are unclear. We compared methylphenidate to a dopamine D1 receptor-selective agonist by investigating effects on working memory occurring via neural modulation in the prefrontal cortex. The data suggest that pharmacological treatment selectively targeting the dopamine D1 may offer a superior approach to ADHD pharmacotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yang
- Pharmacology, Penn State College of Medicine, United States
| | | | - Lan Kong
- Penn State College of Medicine, United States
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9
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Yadav D, Kumar P. Restoration and targeting of aberrant neurotransmitters in Parkinson's disease therapeutics. Neurochem Int 2022; 156:105327. [PMID: 35331828 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2022.105327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Neurotransmitters are considered as a fundamental regulator in the process of neuronal growth, differentiation and survival. Parkinson's Disease (PD) occurs due to extensive damage of dopamine-producing neurons; this causes dopamine deficits in the midbrain, followed by the alternation of various other neurotransmitters (glutamate, GABA, serotonin, etc.). It has been observed that fluctuation of neurotransmission in the basal ganglia exhibits a great impact on the pathophysiology of PD. Dopamine replacement therapy, such as the use of L-DOPA, can increase the dopamine level, but it majorly ameliorates the motor symptoms and is also associated with long-term complications (for e.g., LID). While the non-dopaminergic system can efficiently target non-motor symptoms, for instance, the noradrenergic system regulates the synthesis of BDNF via the MAPK pathway, which is important in learning and memory. Herein, we briefly discuss the role of different neurotransmitters, implementation of neurotransmitter receptors in PD. We also illustrate the recent advances of neurotransmitter-based drugs, which are currently under in vivo and clinical studies. Reinstating normal neurotransmitter levels has been believed to be advantageous in the treatment of PD. Thus, there is an increasing demand for drugs that can specifically target the neurotransmission system and reinstate the normal levels of neurotransmitters, which might prevent or delay neurodegeneration in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divya Yadav
- Molecular Neuroscience and Functional Genomics Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Delhi, India; Delhi Technological University (Formerly Delhi College of Engineering), Delhi, 110042, India
| | - Pravir Kumar
- Molecular Neuroscience and Functional Genomics Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Delhi, India; Delhi Technological University (Formerly Delhi College of Engineering), Delhi, 110042, India.
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10
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Jones-Tabah J, Mohammad H, Paulus EG, Clarke PBS, Hébert TE. The Signaling and Pharmacology of the Dopamine D1 Receptor. Front Cell Neurosci 2022; 15:806618. [PMID: 35110997 PMCID: PMC8801442 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2021.806618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The dopamine D1 receptor (D1R) is a Gαs/olf-coupled GPCR that is expressed in the midbrain and forebrain, regulating motor behavior, reward, motivational states, and cognitive processes. Although the D1R was initially identified as a promising drug target almost 40 years ago, the development of clinically useful ligands has until recently been hampered by a lack of suitable candidate molecules. The emergence of new non-catechol D1R agonists, biased agonists, and allosteric modulators has renewed clinical interest in drugs targeting this receptor, specifically for the treatment of motor impairment in Parkinson's Disease, and cognitive impairment in neuropsychiatric disorders. To develop better therapeutics, advances in ligand chemistry must be matched by an expanded understanding of D1R signaling across cell populations in the brain, and in disease states. Depending on the brain region, the D1R couples primarily to either Gαs or Gαolf through which it activates a cAMP/PKA-dependent signaling cascade that can regulate neuronal excitability, stimulate gene expression, and facilitate synaptic plasticity. However, like many GPCRs, the D1R can signal through multiple downstream pathways, and specific signaling signatures may differ between cell types or be altered in disease. To guide development of improved D1R ligands, it is important to understand how signaling unfolds in specific target cells, and how this signaling affects circuit function and behavior. In this review, we provide a summary of D1R-directed signaling in various neuronal populations and describe how specific pathways have been linked to physiological and behavioral outcomes. In addition, we address the current state of D1R drug development, including the pharmacology of newly developed non-catecholamine ligands, and discuss the potential utility of D1R-agonists in Parkinson's Disease and cognitive impairment.
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11
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Moore TL, Young DA, Killiany RJ, Fonseca KR, Volfson D, Gray DL, Balice-Gordon R, Kozak R. The Effects of a Novel Non-catechol Dopamine Partial Agonist on Working Memory in the Aged Rhesus Monkey. Front Aging Neurosci 2021; 13:757850. [PMID: 34899271 PMCID: PMC8662559 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.757850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Aged-related declines in cognition, especially working memory and executive function, begin in middle-age and these abilities are known to be mediated by the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and more specifically the dopamine (DA) system within the PFC. In both humans and monkeys, there is significant evidence that the PFC is the first cortical region to change with age and the PFC appears to be particularly vulnerable to age-related loss of dopamine (DA). Therefore, the DA system is a strong candidate for therapeutic intervention to slow or reverse age related declines in cognition. In the present study, we administered a novel selective, potent, non-catechol DA D1 R agonist PF-6294 (Pfizer, Inc.) to aged female rhesus monkeys and assessed their performance on two benchmark tasks of working memory - the Delayed Non-match to Sample Task (DNMS) and Delayed Recognition Span Task (DRST). The DNMS task was administered first with the standard 10 s delay and then with 5 min delays, with and without distractors. The DRST was administered each day with four trials with unique sequences and one trial of a repeated sequence to assess evidence learning and retention. Overall, there was no significant effect of drug on performance on any aspect of the DNMS task. In contrast, we demonstrated that a middle range dose of PF-6294 significantly increased memory span on the DRST on the first and last days of testing and by the last day of testing the increased memory span was driven by the performance on the repeated trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tara L Moore
- Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States.,Center for Systems Neuroscience, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Damon A Young
- Internal Medicine Research Unit Pfizer Worldwide Research, Development and Medical Pfizer Inc., Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Ronald J Killiany
- Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States.,Center for Systems Neuroscience, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Kari R Fonseca
- Medicine Design, Pfizer Worldwide Research, Development and Medical Pfizer Inc., Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Dmitri Volfson
- Internal Medicine Research Unit Pfizer Worldwide Research, Development and Medical Pfizer Inc., Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - David L Gray
- Internal Medicine Research Unit Pfizer Worldwide Research, Development and Medical Pfizer Inc., Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Rita Balice-Gordon
- Internal Medicine Research Unit Pfizer Worldwide Research, Development and Medical Pfizer Inc., Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Rouba Kozak
- Internal Medicine Research Unit Pfizer Worldwide Research, Development and Medical Pfizer Inc., Cambridge, MA, United States
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12
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Yang Y. Functional Selectivity of Dopamine D 1 Receptor Signaling: Retrospect and Prospect. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222111914. [PMID: 34769344 PMCID: PMC8584964 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Research progress on dopamine D1 receptors indicates that signaling no longer is limited to G protein-dependent cyclic adenosine monophosphate phosphorylation but also includes G protein-independent β-arrestin-related mitogen-activated protein kinase activation, regulation of ion channels, phospholipase C activation, and possibly more. This review summarizes recent studies revealing the complexity of D1 signaling and its clinical implications, and suggests functional selectivity as a promising strategy for drug discovery to magnify the merit of D1 signaling. Functional selectivity/biased receptor signaling has become a major research front because of its potential to improve therapeutics through precise targeting. Retrospective pharmacological review indicated that many D1 ligands have some degree of mild functional selectivity, and novel compounds with extreme bias at D1 signaling were reported recently. Behavioral and neurophysiological studies inspired new methods to investigate functional selectivity and gave insight into the biased signaling of several drugs. Results from recent clinical trials also supported D1 functional selectivity signaling as a promising strategy for discovery and development of better therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
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Trace Amine-Associated Receptor 1 as a Target for the Development of New Antipsychotics: Current Status of Research and Future Directions. CNS Drugs 2021; 35:1153-1161. [PMID: 34655036 DOI: 10.1007/s40263-021-00864-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a mental illness associated with an array of symptoms that often result in disability. The primary treatments for schizophrenia are termed antipsychotics. Although antipsychotics modulate a number of different receptor types and subtypes, all currently regulatory agency-approved antipsychotics share in common direct or functional antagonism at the dopamine type 2 receptor (D2R). The majority of people with schizophrenia do not achieve full resolution of their symptoms with antipsychotics, suggesting the need for alternative or complementary approaches. The primary focus of this review is to assess the evidence for the role of the trace amine-associated receptor 1 (TAAR-1) in schizophrenia and the role of TAAR-1 modulators as novel-mechanism antipsychotics. Topics include an overview of TAAR-1 physiology and pathophysiology in schizophrenia, interaction with other neurotransmitter systems, including the dopaminergic, glutamatergic and serotonergic system, and finally, a review of investigational TAAR-1 compounds that have reached Phase II clinical studies in schizophrenia: SEP-363856 (ulotaront) and RO6889450 (ralmitaront). Thus far, results are publicly available only for ulotaront in a relatively young (18-40 years) and acutely exacerbated cohort. These results showed positive effects for overall schizophrenia symptoms without significant tolerability concerns. An ongoing study of ralmitaront will assess specific efficacy in patients with persistent negative symptoms. If trials of TAAR-1 modulators, and other novel-mechanism targets for schizophrenia that are under active study, continue to show positive results, the definition of an antipsychotic may need to be expanded beyond the D2R target in the near future.
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Cognitive Deficit in Schizophrenia: From Etiology to Novel Treatments. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22189905. [PMID: 34576069 PMCID: PMC8468549 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22189905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a major mental illness characterized by positive and negative symptoms, and by cognitive deficit. Although cognitive impairment is disabling for patients, it has been largely neglected in the treatment of schizophrenia. There are several reasons for this lack of treatments for cognitive deficit, but the complexity of its etiology-in which neuroanatomic, biochemical and genetic factors concur-has contributed to the lack of effective treatments. In the last few years, there have been several attempts to develop novel drugs for the treatment of cognitive impairment in schizophrenia. Despite these efforts, little progress has been made. The latest findings point to the importance of developing personalized treatments for schizophrenia which enhance neuroplasticity, and of combining pharmacological treatments with non-pharmacological measures.
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Barret O, Zhang L, Alagille D, Constantinescu CC, Sandiego C, Papin C, Sullivan JM, Morley T, Carroll VM, Seibyl J, Chen J, Lee C, Villalobos A, Gray D, McCarthy TJ, Tamagnan G. Dopamine D 1 Receptor Agonist PET Tracer Development: Assessment in Nonhuman Primates. J Nucl Med 2021; 62:1307-1313. [PMID: 33579806 PMCID: PMC8882897 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.120.256008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-catechol-based high-affinity selective dopamine D1 receptor (D1R) agonists were recently described, and candidate PET ligands were selected on the basis of favorable properties. The objective of this study was to characterize in vivo in nonhuman primates 2 novel D1R agonist PET radiotracers, racemic 18F-MNI-800 and its more active atropisomeric (-)-enantiomer, 18F-MNI-968. Methods: Ten brain PET experiments were conducted with 18F-MNI-800 on 2 adult rhesus macaques and 2 adult cynomolgus macaques, and 8 brain PET experiments were conducted with 18F-MNI-968 on 2 adult rhesus macaques and 2 adult cynomolgus macaques. PET data were analyzed with both plasma-input-based methods and reference-region-based methods. Whole-body PET images were acquired with 18F-MNI-800 from 2 adult rhesus macaques for radiation dosimetry estimates. Results:18F-MNI-800 and 18F-MNI-968 exhibited regional uptake consistent with D1R distribution. Specificity and selectivity were demonstrated by dose-dependent blocking with the D1 antagonist SCH-23390. 18F-MNI-968 showed a 30% higher specific signal than 18F-MNI-800, with a nondisplaceable binding potential of approximately 0.3 in the cortex and approximately 1.1 in the striatum. Dosimetry radiation exposure was favorable, with an effective dose of about 0.023 mSv/MBq. Conclusion:18F-MNI-968 has significant potential as a D1R agonist PET radiotracer, and further characterization in human subjects is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Barret
- Invicro, LLC, New Haven, Connecticut;
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, MIRCen, Laboratoire des Maladies Neurodégénératives, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Lei Zhang
- Medicine Design, Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - David Alagille
- Invicro, LLC, New Haven, Connecticut
- Xing Imaging, New Haven, Connecticut
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Jianqing Chen
- Digital Medicine and Imaging, Early Clinical Development, Pfizer Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts; and
| | - Chewah Lee
- Medicine Design, Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | | | - David Gray
- Medicine Design, Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts
- Cerevel Therapeutics, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Timothy J McCarthy
- Digital Medicine and Imaging, Early Clinical Development, Pfizer Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts; and
| | - Gilles Tamagnan
- Invicro, LLC, New Haven, Connecticut
- Xing Imaging, New Haven, Connecticut
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Dopamine, Cognitive Impairments and Second-Generation Antipsychotics: From Mechanistic Advances to More Personalized Treatments. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2020; 13:ph13110365. [PMID: 33167370 PMCID: PMC7694365 DOI: 10.3390/ph13110365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2020] [Revised: 10/31/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The pharmacological treatment of cognitive impairments associated with schizophrenia is still a major unmet clinical need. Indeed, treatments with available antipsychotics generate highly variable cognitive responses among patients with schizophrenia. This has led to the general assumption that antipsychotics are ineffective on cognitive impairment, although personalized medicine and drug repurposing approaches might scale down this clinical issue. In this scenario, evidence suggests that cognitive improvement exerted by old and new atypical antipsychotics depends on dopaminergic mechanisms. Moreover, the newer antipsychotics brexpiprazole and cariprazine, which might have superior clinical efficacy on cognitive deficits over older antipsychotics, mainly target dopamine receptors. It is thus reasonable to assume that despite more than 50 years of elusive efforts to develop novel non-dopaminergic antipsychotics, dopamine receptors remain the most attractive and promising pharmacological targets in this field. In the present review, we discuss preclinical and clinical findings showing dopaminergic mechanisms as key players in the cognitive improvement induced by both atypical antipsychotics and potential antipsychotics. We also emphasize the concept that these mechanistic advances, which help to understand the heterogeneity of cognitive responses to antipsychotics, may properly guide treatment decisions and address the unmet medical need for the management of cognitive impairment associated with schizophrenia.
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