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Rullah K, Shamsudin NF, Koeberle A, Tham CL, Fasihi Mohd Aluwi MF, Leong SW, Jantan I, Lam KW. Flavonoid diversity and roles in the lipopolysaccharide-mediated inflammatory response of monocytes and macrophages. Future Med Chem 2024; 16:75-99. [PMID: 38205612 DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2023-0174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Targeting lipopolysaccharide (LPS)/toll-like receptor 4 signaling in mononuclear phagocytes has been explored for the treatment of inflammation and inflammation-related disorders. However, only a few key targets have been translated into clinical applications. Flavonoids, a class of ubiquitous plant secondary metabolites, possess a privileged scaffold which serves as a valuable template for designing pharmacologically active compounds directed against diseases with inflammatory components. This perspective provides a general overview of the diversity of flavonoids and their multifaceted mechanisms that interfere with LPS-induced signaling in monocytes and macrophages. Focus is placed on flavonoids targeting MD-2, IκB kinases, c-Jun N-terminal kinases, extracellular signal-regulated kinase, p38 MAPK and PI3K/Akt or modulating LPS-related gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamal Rullah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Kulliyyah of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Malaysia, 25200 Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia
| | - Nur Farisya Shamsudin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Kulliyyah of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Malaysia, 25200 Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia
| | - Andreas Koeberle
- Michael Popp Institute and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI), University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Chau Ling Tham
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Fadhlizil Fasihi Mohd Aluwi
- Faculty of Industrial Sciences and Technology, Universiti Malaysia Pahang Al-Sultan Abdullah, Lebuhraya Tun Razak, 26300 Gambang, Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia
| | - Sze-Wei Leong
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Ibrahim Jantan
- Institute of Systems Biology (INBIOSIS), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Malaysia
| | - Kok Wai Lam
- Centre for Drug & Herbal Development, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, 50300 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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2
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Wang M, Zhang Q, Lou S, Jin L, Wu G, Wu W, Tang Q, Wang Y, Long X, Huang P, Luo W, Liang G. Inhibition of MD2 by natural product-drived JM-9 attenuates renal inflammation and diabetic nephropathy in mice. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 168:115660. [PMID: 37806092 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is one of the severe complications of diabetes mellitus-related microvascular lesions, which remains the leading cause of end-stage kidney disease. The genesis and development of DKD is closely related to inflammation. Myeloid differentiation 2 (MD2) mediates hyperlyciemia-induced renal inflammation and DKD development and is considered as a potential therapeutic target of DKD. Here, we identified a new small-molecule MD2 inhibitor, JM-9. In vitro, JM-9 suppressed high glucose (HG) and palmitic acid (PA)-induced inflammation in MPMs, accompanied by inhibition of MD2 activation and the downstream TLR4/MyD88-MAPKs/NFκB pro-inflammatory signaling pathway. Macrophage-derived factors increased the fibrotic and inflammatory responses in renal tubular epithelial cells, which were inhibited by treating macrophages with JM-9. Then, we investigated the therapeutic effects against DKD in streptozotocin-induced type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) mouse models. Treatment with JM-9 prevented renal inflammation, fibrosis, and dysfunction by targeting MD2 in both T1DM and T2DM models. Our results show that JM-9, a new small-molecule MD2 inhibitor, protects against DKD by targeting MD2 and inhibiting MD2-mediated inflammation. In summary, JM-9 is a potential therapeutic agent for DKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minxiu Wang
- Department of Pharmacy and Institute of Inflammation, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, China; Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Qianhui Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy and Institute of Inflammation, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, China; Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Shuaijie Lou
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Leiming Jin
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311399, China
| | - Gaojun Wu
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Wenqi Wu
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Qidong Tang
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Xiaohong Long
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Ping Huang
- Department of Pharmacy and Institute of Inflammation, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, China
| | - Wu Luo
- Department of Pharmacy and Institute of Inflammation, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, China; Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Guang Liang
- Department of Pharmacy and Institute of Inflammation, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, China; Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311399, China.
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3
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Yang J, Gao Z, Yu Z, Hou Y, Tang D, Yan H, Wu F, Chang SK, Pan Y, Jiang Y, Zhang Z, Yang B. An update of aurones: food resource, health benefit, biosynthesis and application. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2023:1-20. [PMID: 37599623 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2023.2248244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
Aurones are a subclass of active flavonoids characterized with a scaffold of 2-benzylidene-3(2H)-benzofuranone. This type of chemicals are widely distributed in fruit, vegetable and flower, and contribute to human health. In this review, we summarize the natural aurones isolated from dietary plants. Their positive effects on immunomodulation, antioxidation, cancer prevention as well as maintaining the health status of cardiovascular, nervous system and liver organs are highlighted. The biosynthesis strategies of plant-derived aurones are elaborated to provide solutions for their limited natural abundance. The potential application of natural aurones in food coloration are also discussed. This paper combines the up-to-date information and gives a full image of dietary aurones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiali Yang
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Functional Food of Hainan Province, Collaborative Innovation Center of Nanfan and High-Efficiency Tropical Agriculture, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Zhengjiao Gao
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Functional Food of Hainan Province, Collaborative Innovation Center of Nanfan and High-Efficiency Tropical Agriculture, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Zhiqian Yu
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Functional Food of Hainan Province, Collaborative Innovation Center of Nanfan and High-Efficiency Tropical Agriculture, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Yu Hou
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Functional Food of Hainan Province, Collaborative Innovation Center of Nanfan and High-Efficiency Tropical Agriculture, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Dingtao Tang
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Functional Food of Hainan Province, Collaborative Innovation Center of Nanfan and High-Efficiency Tropical Agriculture, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Huiling Yan
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Fuwang Wu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, China
| | - Sui Kiat Chang
- Department of Allied Health Sciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Kampar, Malaysia
| | - Yonggui Pan
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Functional Food of Hainan Province, Collaborative Innovation Center of Nanfan and High-Efficiency Tropical Agriculture, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Yueming Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Specialty Crops, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhengke Zhang
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Functional Food of Hainan Province, Collaborative Innovation Center of Nanfan and High-Efficiency Tropical Agriculture, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Bao Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Specialty Crops, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
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Chang L, Zhang A, Liu W, Cao P, Dong L, Gao X. Calycosin inhibits hepatocyte apoptosis in acute liver failure by suppressing the TLR4/NF-κB pathway: An in vitro study. Immun Inflamm Dis 2023; 11:e935. [PMID: 37506138 PMCID: PMC10336678 DOI: 10.1002/iid3.935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute liver failure (ALF) is a serious liver disease that is difficult to treat owing to its unclear pathogenesis. This study aimed to investigate the roles and molecular mechanisms of calycosin (CA) in ALF. METHODS In this study, the roles and mechanism of CA in ALF were explored using an in vitro lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced ALF cell model. Additionally, 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay was used to assess the effect of CA on the activity of LPS-induced L02 human liver epithelial cells, and flow cytometry was used to detect apoptosis in L02 cells. Expression levels of apoptosis-related genes, Bax and Bcl-2, were measured using reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction and Western blot analysis. Expression levels of inflammatory factors in LPS-induced L02 cells were measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Additionally, the effect of CA on ALF was inhibited via transfection of a toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)-plasmid to elucidate the relationship between CA and TLR4/nuclear factor (NF)-κB signaling pathway in ALF. RESULTS CA had no toxic effects on L02 cells, but enhanced the activity of LPS-induced L02 cells in a dose-dependent manner. Apoptosis and inflammatory factor release was increased in ALF, activating the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway. However, CA treatment inhibited the apoptosis and release of inflammatory factors. Further mechanistic studies revealed that the upregulation of TLR4 expression reversed the alleviating effects of CA on inflammation and apoptosis in LPS-induced L02 cells. CONCLUSION CA alleviates inflammatory damage in LPS-induced L02 cells by inhibiting the TLR4/NF-κB pathway and may be a promising therapeutic agent for ALF treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Chang
- Gastroenterology Department, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Aiqing Zhang
- Gastroenterology Department, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Wenjuan Liu
- Gastroenterology Department, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Ping Cao
- Gastroenterology Department, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Lixian Dong
- Gastroenterology Department, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Xiaoxue Gao
- Gastroenterology Department, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
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Flavokawain B alleviates LPS-induced acute lung injury via targeting myeloid differentiation factor 2. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2022; 43:1758-1768. [PMID: 34737421 PMCID: PMC9253132 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-021-00792-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute lung injury (ALI) is a sudden onset systemic inflammatory response. ALI causes severe morbidity and death and currently no effective pharmacological therapies exist. Natural products represent an excellent resource for discovering new drugs. Screening anti-inflammatory compounds from the natural product bank may offer viable candidates for molecular-based therapies for ALI. In this study, 165 natural compounds were screened for anti-inflammatory activity in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-challenged macrophages. Among the screened compounds, flavokawain B (FKB) significantly reduced LPS-induced pro-inflammatory IL-6 secretion in macrophages. FKB also reduced the formation of LPS/TLR4/MD2 complex by competitively binding to MD2, suppressing downstream MAPK and NF-κB signaling activation. Finally, FKB treatment of mice reduced LPS-induced lung injury, systemic and local inflammatory cytokine production, and macrophage infiltration in lungs. These protective activities manifested as increased survival in the ALI model, and reduced mortality upon bacterial infection. In summary, we demonstrate that the natural product FKB protects against LPS-induced lung injury and sepsis by interacting with MD2 and inhibiting inflammatory responses. FKB may potentially serve as a therapeutic option for the treatment of ALI.
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Liu J, Zhang L, Wang Z, Chen S, Feng S, He Y, Zhang S. Network Pharmacology-Based Strategy to Identify the Pharmacological Mechanisms of Pulsatilla Decoction against Crohn's Disease. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:844685. [PMID: 35450039 PMCID: PMC9016333 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.844685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: To explore pharmacological mechanisms of Pulsatilla decoction (PD) against Crohn's disease (CD) via network pharmacology analysis followed by experimental validation. Methods: Public databases were searched to identify bioactive compounds and related targets of PD as well as related genes in patients with CD. Analyses using the drug-compound-target-disease network, the protein-protein interaction (PPI) network, and Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analyses were performed to predict the core targets and pathways of PD against CD. Colon tissue resected from patients with CD and tissue samples from a mouse model of CD fibrosis treated with PD were assessed to verify the major targets of PD in CD predicted by network pharmacologic analysis. Results: A search of the targets of bioactive compounds in PD and targets in CD identified 134 intersection targets. The target HSP90AA1, which was common to the drug-compound-target-disease and PPI networks, was used to simulate molecular docking with the corresponding bioactive compound. GO and KEGG enrichment analyses showed that multiple targets in the antifibrotic pathway were enriched and could be experimentally validated in CD patients and in a mouse model of CD fibrosis. Assays of colon tissues from CD patients showed that intestinal fibrosis was greater in stenoses than in nonstenoses, with upregulation of p-AKT, AKT, p-mTOR, mTOR, p-ERK1/2, ERK1/2, p-PKC, and PKC targets. Treatment of CD fibrosis mice with PD reduced the degree of fibrosis, with downregulation of the p-AKT, AKT, p-mTOR, mTOR, p-ERK1/2, ERK1/2, and PKC targets. Conclusion: Network pharmacology analysis was able to predict bioactive compounds in PD and their potential targets in CD. Several of these targets were validated experimentally, providing insight into the pharmacological mechanisms underlying the biological activities of PD in patients with CD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinguo Liu
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhaojun Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shanshan Chen
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shuyan Feng
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yujin He
- Department of Gastroenterology, Edong Healthcare City Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hubei Chinese Medical University, Wuhan, China
| | - Shuo Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
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Protective Role of 4-Octyl Itaconate in Murine LPS/D-GalN-Induced Acute Liver Failure via Inhibiting Inflammation, Oxidative Stress, and Apoptosis. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:9932099. [PMID: 34457120 PMCID: PMC8387163 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9932099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis are crucial in the pathogenesis of acute liver failure (ALF). 4-Octyl itaconate (OI) showed antioxidative and anti-inflammatory properties in many disease models. However, its role in lipopolysaccharide- (LPS-)/D-galactosamine- (D-GalN-) induced ALF is still not investigated. Here, we established an ALF murine model induced by LPS/D-GalN administration. And we found that OI improved survival rate in the murine ALF model. Our results also showed that OI alleviated LPS/D-GalN-induced hepatic histopathological injury and reduced the serum activities of alanine transaminase and aspartate transaminase. Moreover, OI reduced serum levels of proinflammatory cytokines such as monocyte chemotactic protein-1, tumor necrosis factors-α, and interlukin-6. Additionally, OI mitigated oxidative stress and alleviated lipid peroxidation in a murine model of ALF. This was evaluated by a reduction of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) in liver tissues. In addition, OI increased the ratio of reduced glutathione/oxidized glutathione and the activities of antioxidant enzymes including catalase and superoxide dismutase. Moreover, the apoptosis of hepatocytes in the liver was inhibited by OI. Furthermore, we found that OI inhibited LPS-induced nuclear translocation and activation of factor-kappa B (NF-κB) p65 in macrophages which could be inhibited by OI-induced activation of nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor (Nrf2) signaling. Additionally, D-GalN-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and apoptosis in hepatocytes were inhibited by OI-induced activation of Nrf2 signaling. Therefore, the underlying mechanism for OI's protective effect in LPS/D-GalN-induced ALF may be associated with deactivation of NF-κB signaling in macrophages to reduce inflammation and inhibition of ROS-related hepatocyte apoptosis by activating Nrf2. In conclusion, OI showed a protective role in LPS/D-GalN-induced ALF by reducing inflammation, enhancing antioxidant capacity, and inhibiting cell apoptosis.
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Yang Y, Sheng Y, Wang J, Zhou X, Guan Q, Shen H, Li W, Ruan S. Aureusidin derivative CNQX inhibits chronic colitis inflammation and mucosal barrier damage by targeting myeloid differentiation 2 protein. J Cell Mol Med 2021; 25:7257-7269. [PMID: 34184406 PMCID: PMC8335670 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.16755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Our previous study has found that aureusidin can inhibit inflammation by targeting myeloid differentiation 2 (MD2) protein. Structural optimization of aureusidin gave rise to a derivative named CNQX. LPS was used to induce inflammation in intestinal macrophages; flow cytometry, PI staining and Hoechst 33342 staining were used to detect the apoptotic level of macrophages; enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was utilized to detect the expression level of inflammatory factors (including IL-1β, IL-18 and TNF-α); immunofluorescence staining was used to investigate the expression of MD2; Western blot was employed to measure the protein level of TLR4, MD2, MyD88 and p-P65. As a result, CNQX with IC50 of 2.5 μM can significantly inhibit the inflammatory damage of macrophages, decrease apoptotic level, reduce the expression level of inflammatory factors and simultaneously decrease the expression level of TLR4, MD2, MyD88 as well as p-P65. Caco-2 cell line was used to simulate the intestinal mucosal barrier in vitro, LPS was employed to induce cell injury in Caco-2 (to up-regulate barrier permeability), and CNQX with IC50 of 2.5 μl was used for intervention. Flow cytometry was used to detect the apoptotic level of Caco-2 cells, trans-epithelial electric resistance (TEER) was measured, FITC-D was used to detect the permeability of the intestinal mucosa, and Western blot was used to detect the expression levels of tight junction proteins (including occludin, claudin-1, MyD88, TLR4 and MD2). As a result, CNQX decreased the apoptotic level of Caco-2 cells, increased TEER value, decreased the expression levels of MyD88, TLR4 and MD2, and increased the protein levels of tight junction proteins (including occludin and claudin-1). C57BL/6 wild-type mice were treated with drinking water containing Dextran sulphate sodium (DSS) to establish murine chronic colitis model. After CQNX intervention, we detected the bodyweight, DAI score and H&E tissue staining to evaluate the life status and pathological changes. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining was used to detect the expression of MD2 protein, tight junction protein (including occludin and claudin-1). Transmission electron microscopy and FITC-D were used to detect intestinal mucosal permeability. Western blot was used to detect the expression levels of tight junction proteins (including occludin, claudin-1, MyD88, TLR4 and MD2) in the intestinal mucosa tissue. Consequently, CNQX can inhibit the intestinal inflammatory response in mice with colitis, inhibit the mucosal barrier injury, increase the expression of tight junction proteins (including occludin and claudin-1) and decrease the expression levels of MyD88, TLR4 and MD2. Mechanistically, pull-down and immunoprecipitation assays showed that CNQX can inhibit the activation of TLR4/MD2-NF-κB by binding to MD2 protein. Collectively, in this study, we found that CNQX can suppress the activation of TLR4 signals by targeting MD2 protein, thereby inhibiting inflammation and mucosal barrier damage of chronic colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Yang
- Department of PharmacyThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing UniversityJiaxingChina
| | - Yongjia Sheng
- Department of PharmacyThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing UniversityJiaxingChina
| | - Jin Wang
- Department of PharmacyThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing UniversityJiaxingChina
| | - Xiaohong Zhou
- Department of PharmacyThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing UniversityJiaxingChina
| | - Qiaobing Guan
- Department of PharmacyThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing UniversityJiaxingChina
| | - Heping Shen
- Department of PharmacyThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing UniversityJiaxingChina
| | - Wenyan Li
- Department of PharmacyThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing UniversityJiaxingChina
| | - Shuiliang Ruan
- Department of Center LaboratoryThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing UniversityJiaxingChina
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9
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Arraki K, Totoson P, Decendit A, Zedet A, Maroilley J, Badoc A, Demougeot C, Girard C. Mammalian Arginase Inhibitory Activity of Methanolic Extracts and Isolated Compounds from Cyperus Species. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26061694. [PMID: 33803532 PMCID: PMC8002983 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26061694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyphenolic enriched extracts from two species of Cyperus, Cyperus glomeratus and Cyperus thunbergii, possess mammalian arginase inhibitory capacities, with the percentage inhibition ranging from 80% to 95% at 100 µg/mL and 40% to 64% at 10 µg/mL. Phytochemical investigation of these species led to the isolation and identification of two new natural stilbene oligomers named thunbergin A-B (1–2), together with three other stilbenes, trans-resveratrol (3), trans-scirpusin A (4), trans-cyperusphenol A (6), and two flavonoids, aureusidin (5) and luteolin (7), which were isolated for the first time from C.thunbergii and C. glomeratus. Structures were established on the basis of the spectroscopic data from MS and NMR experiments. The arginase inhibitory activity of compounds 1–7 was evaluated through an in vitro arginase inhibitory assay using purified liver bovine arginase. As a result, five compounds (1, 4–7) showed significant inhibition of arginase, with IC50 values between 17.6 and 60.6 µM, in the range of those of the natural arginase inhibitor piceatannol (12.6 µM). In addition, methanolic extract from Cyperus thunbergii exhibited an endothelium and NO-dependent vasorelaxant effect on thoracic aortic rings from rats and improved endothelial dysfunction in an adjuvant-induced arthritis rat model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamel Arraki
- PEPITE EA 4267, FHU INCREASE, University Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 25000 Besançon, France; (K.A.); (P.T.); (A.Z.); (J.M.); (C.D.)
| | - Perle Totoson
- PEPITE EA 4267, FHU INCREASE, University Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 25000 Besançon, France; (K.A.); (P.T.); (A.Z.); (J.M.); (C.D.)
| | - Alain Decendit
- MIB-UR Oenologie, EA 4577, USC 1366 INRA, University of Bordeaux, ISVV, 33882 Villenave d’Ornon, France; (A.D.); (A.B.)
| | - Andy Zedet
- PEPITE EA 4267, FHU INCREASE, University Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 25000 Besançon, France; (K.A.); (P.T.); (A.Z.); (J.M.); (C.D.)
| | - Justine Maroilley
- PEPITE EA 4267, FHU INCREASE, University Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 25000 Besançon, France; (K.A.); (P.T.); (A.Z.); (J.M.); (C.D.)
| | - Alain Badoc
- MIB-UR Oenologie, EA 4577, USC 1366 INRA, University of Bordeaux, ISVV, 33882 Villenave d’Ornon, France; (A.D.); (A.B.)
| | - Céline Demougeot
- PEPITE EA 4267, FHU INCREASE, University Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 25000 Besançon, France; (K.A.); (P.T.); (A.Z.); (J.M.); (C.D.)
| | - Corine Girard
- PEPITE EA 4267, FHU INCREASE, University Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 25000 Besançon, France; (K.A.); (P.T.); (A.Z.); (J.M.); (C.D.)
- Correspondence:
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