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Balaji S, Rao A, Saraswathi KK, Sethu Nagarajan R, Santhi R, Kim U, Muthukkaruppan V, Vanniarajan A. Focused cancer pathway analysis revealed unique therapeutic targets in retinoblastoma. Med Oncol 2024; 41:168. [PMID: 38834895 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-024-02391-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
Retinoblastoma (RB) is a pediatric cancer of the eye that occurs in 1/15000 live births worldwide. Albeit RB is initiated by the inactivation of RB1 gene, the disease progression relies largely on transcriptional alterations. Therefore, evaluating gene expression is vital to unveil the therapeutic targets in RB management. In this study, we employed an RT2 Profiler™ PCR array for a focused analysis of 84 cancer-specific genes in RB. An interaction network was built with gene expression data to identify the dysregulated pathways in RB. The key transcript alterations identified in 13 tumors by RT2 Profiler™ PCR array was further validated in 15 tumors by independent RT-qPCR. Out of 84 cancer-specific genes, 68 were dysregulated in RB tumors. Among the 68 genes, 23 were chosen for further analysis based on statistical significance and abundance across multiple tumors. Pathway analysis of altered genes showed the frequent perturbations of cell cycle, angiogenesis and apoptotic pathways in RB. Notably, upregulation of MCM2, MKI67, PGF, WEE1, CDC20 and downregulation of COX5A were found in all the tumors. Western blot confirmed the dysregulation of identified targets at protein levels as well. These alterations were more prominent in invasive RB, correlating with the disease pathogenesis. Our molecular analysis thus identified the potential therapeutic targets for improving retinoblastoma treatment. We also suggest that PCR array can be used as a tool for rapid and cost-effective gene expression analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sekaran Balaji
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Aravind Medical Research Foundation, 1, Anna Nagar, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, 625 020, India
| | - Anindita Rao
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Aravind Medical Research Foundation, 1, Anna Nagar, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, 625 020, India
| | - Karuvel Kannan Saraswathi
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Aravind Medical Research Foundation, 1, Anna Nagar, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, 625 020, India
- Department of Molecular Biology, Aravind Medical Research Foundation - Affiliated to Alagappa University, Karaikudi, Tamil Nadu, 630003, India
| | - Rathinavel Sethu Nagarajan
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Aravind Medical Research Foundation, 1, Anna Nagar, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, 625 020, India
- Department of Molecular Biology, Aravind Medical Research Foundation - Affiliated to Alagappa University, Karaikudi, Tamil Nadu, 630003, India
| | - Radhakrishnan Santhi
- Department of Pathology, Aravind Eye Hospital, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, 625 020, India
| | - Usha Kim
- Department of Orbit, Oculoplasty and Ocular Oncology, Aravind Eye Hospital, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, 625 020, India
| | - Veerappan Muthukkaruppan
- Department of Immunology and Stem Cell Biology, Aravind Medical Research Foundation, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, 625 020, India
| | - Ayyasamy Vanniarajan
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Aravind Medical Research Foundation, 1, Anna Nagar, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, 625 020, India.
- Department of Molecular Biology, Aravind Medical Research Foundation - Affiliated to Alagappa University, Karaikudi, Tamil Nadu, 630003, India.
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Cao J, Chen H, Xie B, Chen Y, Xiong W, Li M. Construction of predictive ceRNA network and identification of the patterns of immune cells infiltrated in Graves ' ophthalmopathy. ZHONG NAN DA XUE XUE BAO. YI XUE BAN = JOURNAL OF CENTRAL SOUTH UNIVERSITY. MEDICAL SCIENCES 2023; 48:1185-1196. [PMID: 37875358 PMCID: PMC10930845 DOI: 10.11817/j.issn.1672-7347.2023.230118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Graves' ophthalmopathy (GO) is a multifactorial disease, and the mechanism of non coding RNA interactions and inflammatory cell infiltration patterns are not fully understood. This study aims to construct a competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) network for this disease and clarify the infiltration patterns of inflammatory cells in orbital tissue to further explore the pathogenesis of GO. METHODS The differentially expressed genes were identified using the GEO2R analysis tool. The Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) and gene ontology analysis were used to analyze differential genes. RNA interaction relationships were extracted from the RNA interactome database. Protein-protein interactions were identified using the STRING database and were visualized using Cytoscape. StarBase, miRcode, and DIANA-LncBase Experimental v.2 were used to construct ceRNA networks together with their interacted non-coding RNA. The CIBERSORT algorithm was used to detect the patterns of infiltrating immune cells in GO using R software. RESULTS A total of 114 differentially expressed genes for GO and 121 pathways were detected using both the KEGG and gene ontology enrichment analysis. Four hub genes (SRSF6, DDX5, HNRNPC,and HNRNPM) were extracted from protein-protein interaction using cytoHubba in Cytoscape, 104 nodes and 142 edges were extracted, and a ceRNA network was identified (MALAT1-MIR21-DDX5). The results of immune cell analysis showed that in GO, the proportions of CD8+ T cells and CD4+ memory resting T cells were upregulated and downregulated, respectively. The proportion of CD4 memory resting T cells was positively correlated with the expression of MALAT1, MIR21, and DDX5. CONCLUSIONS This study has constructed a ceRNA regulatory network (MALAT1-MIR21-DDX5) in GO orbital tissue, clarifying the downregulation of the proportion of CD4+ stationary memory T cells and their positive regulatory relationship with ceRNA components, further revealing the pathogenesis of GO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiamin Cao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China.
| | - Haiyan Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China.
| | - Bingyu Xie
- Department of Ophthalmology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Yizhi Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Wei Xiong
- Department of Ophthalmology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Mingyuan Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China.
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Ali ES, Chakrabarty B, Ramproshad S, Mondal B, Kundu N, Sarkar C, Sharifi-Rad J, Calina D, Cho WC. TRPM2-mediated Ca 2+ signaling as a potential therapeutic target in cancer treatment: an updated review of its role in survival and proliferation of cancer cells. Cell Commun Signal 2023; 21:145. [PMID: 37337283 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-023-01149-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The transient receptor potential melastatin subfamily member 2 (TRPM2), a thermo and reactive oxygen species (ROS) sensitive Ca2+-permeable cation channel has a vital role in surviving the cell as well as defending the adaptability of various cell groups during and after oxidative stress. It shows higher expression in several cancers involving breast, pancreatic, prostate, melanoma, leukemia, and neuroblastoma, indicating it raises the survivability of cancerous cells. In various cancers including gastric cancers, and neuroblastoma, TRPM2 is known to conserve viability, and several underlying mechanisms of action have been proposed. Transcription factors are thought to activate TRPM2 channels, which is essential for cell proliferation and survival. In normal physiological conditions with an optimal expression of TRPM2, mitochondrial ROS is produced in optimal amounts while regulation of antioxidant expression is carried on. Depletion of TRPM2 overexpression or activity has been shown to improve ischemia-reperfusion injury in organ levels, reduce tumor growth and/or viability of various malignant cancers like breast, gastric, pancreatic, prostate, head and neck cancers, melanoma, neuroblastoma, T-cell and acute myelogenous leukemia. This updated and comprehensive review also analyzes the mechanisms by which TRPM2-mediated Ca2+ signaling can regulate the growth and survival of different types of cancer cells. Based on the discussion of the available data, it can be concluded that TRPM2 may be a unique therapeutic target in the treatment of several types of cancer. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunus S Ali
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park, 5042, Australia
- Gaco Pharmaceuticals, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh
- Present Address: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, and Simpson Querrey Institute for Epigenetics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 303 E Superior St, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | | | - Sarker Ramproshad
- Department of Pharmacy, Ranada Prasad Shaha University, Narayanganj, 1400, Bangladesh
| | - Banani Mondal
- Department of Pharmacy, Ranada Prasad Shaha University, Narayanganj, 1400, Bangladesh
| | - Neloy Kundu
- Pharmacy Discipline, Khulna University, Khulna, 9208, Bangladesh
| | - Chandan Sarkar
- Department of Pharmacy, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalganj, 8100, Bangladesh
| | | | - Daniela Calina
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Craiova, 200349, Romania.
| | - William C Cho
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China.
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Long non-coding RNAs involved in retinoblastoma. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2023; 149:401-421. [PMID: 36305946 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-022-04398-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Retinoblastoma (RB) is the most common childhood tumor that can occur in the retina and develop in a sporadic or heritable form. Although various traditional treatment options have been used for patients with RB, identifying novel strategies for childhood cancers is necessary. MATERIAL AND METHODS Recently, molecular-based targeted therapies have opened a greater therapeutic window for RB. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) presented a potential role as a biomarker for the detection of RB in various stages. CONCLUSION LncRNAs by targeting several miRNA/transcription factors play critical roles in the stimulation or suppression of RB. In this review, we summarized recent progress on the functions of tumor suppressors or oncogenes lncRNAs in RB.
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lncRNA TRPM2-AS Promotes Colorectal Cancer Progression by Regulating miR-22-3p and FSTL1. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2022; 2022:1366511. [PMID: 36268275 PMCID: PMC9578789 DOI: 10.1155/2022/1366511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background. In recent years, long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) relate to many biological processes, which affect the progression of tumors. Transient receptor potential melastatin 2 antisense RNA (TRPM2-AS) is reported to play an oncogene-like role in tumors. TRPM2-AS is highly expressed in colorectal cancer (CRC), but the mechanism of TRPM2-AS is still unclear. The regulatory mechanism of TRPM2-AS in the occurrence of CRC was explored, so as to find new markers and therapeutic targets for CRC. Methods. TRPM2-AS and miR-22-3p expression in CRC cells were measured through reverse-transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). Then, TRPM2-AS knockdown cell lines were constructed, and cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8), clone formation, wound healing, and invasion assays were used to detect cell malignant behavior. Follistatin-like 1 (FSTL1) protein was detected by western blotting. The interaction between miR-22-3p and TRPM2-AS or FSTL1 was verified by the luciferase reporter and RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) assay. Subcutaneous xenografts were performed using animal experiments. Results. TRPM2-AS expression in CRC cells was increased, and miR-22-3p expression was decreased in CRC cells. TRPM2-AS inhibition inhibited cell malignant behavior. miR-22-3p has a targeting relationship with TRPM2-AS and FSTL1. In cells, downregulation of TRPM2-AS expression promoted miR-22-3p and inhibited FSTL1 expression, while mimics inhibited FSTL1 expression. miR-22-3p inhibition or FSTL1 overexpression could offset the inhibition of TRPM2-AS downregulation on CRC cells. Conclusions. The TRPM2-AS/miR-22-3p/FSTL1 regulation axis could regulate CRC cell malignant behavior, which may provide a new perspective for interpreting the mechanism of CRC development.
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Wang W, Dai Y, Yang X, Xiong X. Long non-coding RNA TRPM2 antisense RNA as a potential therapeutic target promotes tumorigenesis and metastasis in esophageal cancer. Bioengineered 2022; 13:4397-4410. [PMID: 35156509 PMCID: PMC9208624 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2022.2033412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Esophageal cancer (EC) is one type of aggressive gastrointestinal cancers. The treatment of EC is challenging. Effective therapeutic targets require development. Long non-coding RNA TRPM2 antisense RNA (LncRNA TRPM2-AS) is considering a novel biomarker and therapeutic target for various types of cancer. However, the role of lncRNA TRPM2-AS in EC remains unknown. This study aimed to illustrate effects of LncRNA TRPM2-AS on EC growth and metastasis and potential underlying molecular mechanisms. LncRNA TRPM2-AS expression was determined in both EC tissues and cell lines by quantitative real-time polymerase-chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Cell proliferation ability was evaluated by cell counting kit-8 and colony formation assays. Cell apoptosis was analyzed by flow cytometry. Cell migration and invasion were determined using transwell. Epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT)-related markers expression were determined using qRT-PCR and Western blotting. Furthermore, potential lncRNA TRPM2-AS targeting miRNAs were predicted by public databases. The expression of five selected miRNAs were validated by qRT-PCR. We found that lncRNA TRPM2-AS expression was increased in EC tissues and cell lines compared with respective control. Silencing lncRNA TRPM2-AS suppressed EC cell proliferation, migration, and invasion while promoted cell apoptosis. Moreover, lncRNA TRPM2-AS knockdown reduced neural cadherin, vimentin, and matrix metallopeptidase 9 gene and protein expressions while increased epithelial cadherin expression. Furthermore, lncRNA TRPM2-AS knockdown promoted microRNA (miR)-1291, miR-6852-5p, and miR-138-5p expressions. Taken together, this study for the first time demonstrates that upregulation of lncRNA TRPM2-AS in EC promotes the growth and metastasis of EC likely through interacting with miR-1291, miR-6852-5p, and miR-138-5p.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou China
| | - Yukai Dai
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou China
| | - Xin Yang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou China
| | - Xinming Xiong
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou China
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