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Hushmandi K, Einollahi B, Saadat SH, Lee EHC, Farani MR, Okina E, Huh YS, Nabavi N, Salimimoghadam S, Kumar AP. Amino acid transporters within the solute carrier superfamily: Underappreciated proteins and novel opportunities for cancer therapy. Mol Metab 2024; 84:101952. [PMID: 38705513 PMCID: PMC11112377 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2024.101952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Solute carrier (SLC) transporters, a diverse family of membrane proteins, are instrumental in orchestrating the intake and efflux of nutrients including amino acids, vitamins, ions, nutrients, etc, across cell membranes. This dynamic process is critical for sustaining the metabolic demands of cancer cells, promoting their survival, proliferation, and adaptation to the tumor microenvironment (TME). Amino acids are fundamental building blocks of cells and play essential roles in protein synthesis, nutrient sensing, and oncogenic signaling pathways. As key transporters of amino acids, SLCs have emerged as crucial players in maintaining cellular amino acid homeostasis, and their dysregulation is implicated in various cancer types. Thus, understanding the intricate connections between amino acids, SLCs, and cancer is pivotal for unraveling novel therapeutic targets and strategies. SCOPE OF REVIEW In this review, we delve into the significant impact of amino acid carriers of the SLCs family on the growth and progression of cancer and explore the current state of knowledge in this field, shedding light on the molecular mechanisms that underlie these relationships and highlighting potential avenues for future research and clinical interventions. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS Amino acids transportation by SLCs plays a critical role in tumor progression. However, some studies revealed the tumor suppressor function of SLCs. Although several studies evaluated the function of SLC7A11 and SLC1A5, the role of some SLC proteins in cancer is not studied well. To exert their functions, SLCs mediate metabolic rewiring, regulate the maintenance of redox balance, affect main oncogenic pathways, regulate amino acids bioavailability within the TME, and alter the sensitivity of cancer cells to therapeutics. However, different therapeutic methods that prevent the function of SLCs were able to inhibit tumor progression. This comprehensive review provides insights into a rapidly evolving area of cancer biology by focusing on amino acids and their transporters within the SLC superfamily.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiavash Hushmandi
- Nephrology and Urology Research Center, Clinical Sciences Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Behzad Einollahi
- Nephrology and Urology Research Center, Clinical Sciences Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Hassan Saadat
- Nephrology and Urology Research Center, Clinical Sciences Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - E Hui Clarissa Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore; NUS Center for Cancer Research (N2CR), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Marzieh Ramezani Farani
- NanoBio High-Tech Materials Research Center, Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Elena Okina
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore; NUS Center for Cancer Research (N2CR), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yun Suk Huh
- NanoBio High-Tech Materials Research Center, Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Noushin Nabavi
- Department of Urologic Sciences and Vancouver Prostate Centre, University of British Columbia, V6H3Z6, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Shokooh Salimimoghadam
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran.
| | - Alan Prem Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore; NUS Center for Cancer Research (N2CR), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
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Molodtsova D, Guryev DV, Osipov AN. Composition of Conditioned Media from Radioresistant and Chemoresistant Cancer Cells Reveals miRNA and Other Secretory Factors Implicated in the Development of Resistance. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16498. [PMID: 38003688 PMCID: PMC10671404 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242216498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 11/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Resistance to chemo- or radiotherapy is the main obstacle to consistent treatment outcomes in oncology patients. A deeper understanding of the mechanisms driving the development of resistance is required. This review focuses on secretory factors derived from chemo- and radioresistant cancer cells, cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), and cancer stem cells (CSCs) that mediate the development of resistance in unexposed cells. The first line of evidence considers the experiments with conditioned media (CM) from chemo- and radioresistant cells, CAFs, MSCs, and CSCs that elevate resistance upon the ionizing radiation or anti-cancer drug exposure of previously untreated cells. The composition of CM revealed factors such as circular RNAs; interleukins; plasminogen activator inhibitor; and oncosome-shuttled lncRNAs, mRNAs, and miRNAs that aid in cellular communication and transmit signals inducing the chemo- and radioresistance of sensitive cancer cells. Data, demonstrating that radioresistant cancer cells become resistant to anti-neoplastic drug exposure and vice versa, are also discussed. The mechanisms driving the development of cross-resistance between chemotherapy and radiotherapy are highlighted. The secretion of resistance-mediating factors to intercellular fluid and blood brings attention to its diagnostic potential. Highly stable serum miRNA candidates were proposed by several studies as prognostic markers of radioresistance; however, clinical studies are needed to validate their utility. The ability to predict a treatment response with the help of the miRNA resistance status database will help with the selection of an effective therapeutic strategy. The possibility of miRNA-based therapy is currently being investigated with ongoing clinical studies, and such approaches can be used to alleviate resistance in oncology patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daria Molodtsova
- N.N. Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia;
- State Research Center—Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center of Federal Medical Biological Agency (SRC—FMBC), 123098 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Denis V. Guryev
- State Research Center—Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center of Federal Medical Biological Agency (SRC—FMBC), 123098 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Andreyan N. Osipov
- N.N. Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia;
- State Research Center—Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center of Federal Medical Biological Agency (SRC—FMBC), 123098 Moscow, Russia;
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, 6 Joliot-Curie St., 141980 Dubna, Russia
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Xin S, Li R, Su J, Cao Q, Wang H, Wei Z, Li G, Qin W, Zhang Z, Wang C, Zhang C, Zhang J. A novel model based on disulfidptosis-related genes to predict prognosis and therapy of bladder urothelial carcinoma. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2023; 149:13925-13942. [PMID: 37541976 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-023-05235-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Disulfidptosis is a novel type of cell death induced by disulphide stress that depends on the accumulation of cystine disulphide, causing cytotoxicity and triggering cell death. However, the direct prognostic effect and regulatory mechanism of disulfidptosis-related genes in bladder urothelial carcinoma (BLCA) remain unclear. METHODS To explore the role of 10 disulfidptosis-related genes, the multiomic data of 10 genes were comprehensively analysed. Next, based on seven disulfidptosis-related differentially expressed genes, a novel disulfidptosis-related gene score was developed to help predict the prognosis of BLCA. Immunohistochemistry, EDU, Real-time PCR and western blot were used to verify the model. RESULTS Significant functional differences were found between the high- and low-risk score groups, and samples with a higher risk score were more malignant. Furthermore, the tumour exclusion and Tumour Immune Dysfunction and Exclusion scores of the high-risk score group were higher than those of the low-risk score group. The risk score was positively correlated with the expression of immune checkpoints. Drug sensitivity analyses revealed that the low-risk score group had a higher sensitivity to cisplatin, doxorubicin, docetaxel and gemcitabine than the high-risk score group. Moreover, the expression of the TM4SF1 was positively correlated with the malignancy degree of BLCA, and the proliferation ability of BLCA cells was reduced after knockdown TM4SF1. CONCLUSION The present study results suggest that disulfidptosis-related genes influence the prognosis of BLCA through their involvement in immune cell infiltration. Thus, these findings indicate the role of disulfidptosis in BLCA and its potential regulatory mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyong Xin
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital and College of Clinical Medicine of Henan University of Science and Technology, No. 636, Guan-lin Road, Luo-Long District, Luoyang, 471000, China.
| | - Ruixin Li
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital and College of Clinical Medicine of Henan University of Science and Technology, No. 636, Guan-lin Road, Luo-Long District, Luoyang, 471000, China
| | - Junjie Su
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital and College of Clinical Medicine of Henan University of Science and Technology, No. 636, Guan-lin Road, Luo-Long District, Luoyang, 471000, China
| | - Qiong Cao
- Department of Pathology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471003, China
| | - Haojie Wang
- Department of Central Laboratory, Luoyang Central Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Luoyang, 471003, China
| | - Zhihao Wei
- Department of Pathology, The Yiluo Hospital of Luoyang, The Teaching Hospital of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471023, China
| | - Guanyu Li
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital and College of Clinical Medicine of Henan University of Science and Technology, No. 636, Guan-lin Road, Luo-Long District, Luoyang, 471000, China
| | - Wang Qin
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital and College of Clinical Medicine of Henan University of Science and Technology, No. 636, Guan-lin Road, Luo-Long District, Luoyang, 471000, China
| | - Zheng Zhang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital and College of Clinical Medicine of Henan University of Science and Technology, No. 636, Guan-lin Road, Luo-Long District, Luoyang, 471000, China
| | - Chengliang Wang
- Department of Urology, Shangcheng County People's Hospital, Xinyang, 465300, China
| | - Chengdong Zhang
- Department of Urology, Xinxiang First People's Hospital, Xinxiang, 453000, China
| | - Jianguo Zhang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital and College of Clinical Medicine of Henan University of Science and Technology, No. 636, Guan-lin Road, Luo-Long District, Luoyang, 471000, China
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Mao M, Sheng H, Tian B, Chi P, Huang K, Li H, Liu W. Significance of Dynamic Changes of VCA-IgA Levels in Pre- and Post-treatment Plasma of Patients with Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma: Development of a Clinically-Oriented Model. Adv Ther 2023; 40:2426-2438. [PMID: 36964411 DOI: 10.1007/s12325-023-02493-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/26/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) responds well to radiotherapy but recurrence and metastasis are common. Currently, there is no widely used biomarker for accurately predicting the recurrence and metastasis of NPC. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the prognostic ability of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) capsid antigen (VCA-IgA) kinetics by assessing the dynamic changes of VCA-IgA levels in the pre- and post-treatment plasma of patients with NPC and have proposed a prognostic model for clinical use. METHODS The clinical records of patients with NPC diagnosed at Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center were retrieved and classified into a respondent (n = 83) or non-respondent (n = 25) cohort based on their response to antitumor therapy. Factors associated with the outcomes of the patients were assessed and incorporated in a nomogram. For internal validation, bootstrapping with 1000 resamples was used. The prediction accuracy and discriminative ability of the nomogram were investigated by calibration and concordance index (C-index) and plotted decision curves to assess the benefits of nomogram-assisted decisions in a clinical context. RESULTS Plasma VCA-IgA level of the non-respondent cohort at the 6th month after treatment was found significantly higher than the respondent cohort. Post-treatment VCA-IgA level, smoking, and distant metastases were identified as independent risk factors for disease-free survival (DFS), and were used to stratify patients with NPC into three risk groups. The median DFS of the low-, middle- and high-risk groups were 48.5, 35.0, and 15.5 months, respectively. The C-index of the nomogram was 0.848 (95% CI 0.769-0.926), demonstrating good clinical accuracy for predicting the DFS of patients with NPC. The decision curve showed that the nomogram in predicting DFS was better than VCA-IgA level, smoking, and distant metastases. CONCLUSION The proposed VCA-IgA-based nomogram demonstrated a promising ability to predict the DFS of patients with NPC after antitumor therapy. It could be used as a clinical guidance to improve the therapeutic/surveillance strategies of these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minjie Mao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Sheng
- Department of Experimental Research, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Boyu Tian
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Peidong Chi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Kewei Huang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Huilan Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Eighth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, 518000, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
| | - Wen Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
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Lin X, Kong D, Chen ZS. Editorial: Chemo-Radiation-Resistance in Cancer Therapy. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:904063. [PMID: 35662703 PMCID: PMC9159921 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.904063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoping Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dexin Kong
- Tianjin Key Laboratory on Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnostics, School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhe-Sheng Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Institute for Biotechnology, St. John's University, Queens, New York, NY, United States
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Zhou ZY, Yang JY, Shao CZ, Luo F, Du W. Positive regulation of ataxia-telangiectasia-mutated protein (ATM) by E2F transcription Factor 1 (E2F-1) in cisplatin-resistant nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells. World J Surg Oncol 2022; 20:88. [PMID: 35303867 PMCID: PMC8933998 DOI: 10.1186/s12957-022-02546-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To explore the mechanism of E2F transcription Factor 1 (E2F-1)-mediated ataxia-telangiectasia-mutated protein (ATM) in cisplatin (DDP)-resistant nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). Methods E2F-1 and ATM expression was assessed in DDP-resistant NPC cell lines (CNE2/DDP and HNE1/DDP) and parental cells. Then, DDP-resistant NPC cells were transfected with control shRNA (short hairpin RNA) or E2F-1 shRNAs with or without ATM lentiviral activation particles. The half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) was evaluated by 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5 diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, and the cell cycle and cell proliferation were measured by flow cytometry and EdU staining, respectively. In addition, the expression of genes and proteins was quantified by quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT–PCR) and western blotting, respectively. Results Both E2F-1 and ATM expression in DDP-resistant NPC cells was much higher than that in parental cells. E2F-1 shRNA reduced ATM expression in DDP-resistant NPC cells, but ATM overexpression had no significant effect on E2F-1. ATM overexpression enhanced DDP resistance in DDP-resistant NPC cells with increased IC50 values, which was reversed by E2F-1 inhibition. Meanwhile, ATM overexpression resulted in upregulation of ABCA2 and ABCA5 in DDP-resistant NPC cells, induced elevations in the transition of the cells into S-phase, and increased cell proliferation with enhanced expression of cyclin E1, CDK2, and Ki67, which was reversed by E2F-1 shRNAs. Conclusion Downregulation of E2F-1, possibly by regulating ATM, could block the cell cycle in the G1 phase and reduce the proliferation of CNE2/DDP cells, thereby reversing the resistance of human NPC cells to DDP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zun-Yan Zhou
- Department of Oncology, The First People's Hospital of Jingzhou, Jingzhou, 434000, China
| | - Ji-Yuan Yang
- Department of Oncology, The First People's Hospital of Jingzhou, Jingzhou, 434000, China
| | - Cheng-Ze Shao
- Department of Oncology, The First People's Hospital of Jingzhou, Jingzhou, 434000, China
| | - Fei Luo
- Department of Oncology, The First People's Hospital of Jingzhou, Jingzhou, 434000, China
| | - Wei Du
- Department of Oncology, The First People's Hospital of Jingzhou, Jingzhou, 434000, China.
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Zhong X, Yao L, Xu L, Ma Q, Huang G, Yang M, Gao C, Cheng J, Zhou X, Li Q, Guo X. Comprehensive Analysis of Potential Correlation Between Solute Carrier 1A (SLC1A) Family and Lung Adenocarcinoma. Int J Gen Med 2022; 15:2101-2117. [PMID: 35241927 PMCID: PMC8886152 DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s350986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is the most common dangerous malignant tumor and the leading cause of global cancer incidence and mortality. The Solute Carrier 1A (SLC1A) family play a significant part in cellular biological process, inflammation, and immunity. Specific functions of the SLC1A family in lung cancer are still not systematically described. Objective This study aimed to explore the best biological understanding of SLC1A family in lung cancer. Methods To study the expression and role of the SLC1A family in lung cancer, researchers used a variety of bioinformatics databases and tools. Results Aberrant expression of SLC1A family genes were demonstrated and analyzed the association with gender, tumor grade, cancer stages, and nodal metastasis status. The ectopic expression of SLC1A family genes has prognostic value for LUAD patients. Immune infiltration revealed a significant correlation between SLC1A family genes expression in LUAD. SLC1A family genes were involved in manifold biological processes and have different levels of DNA methylation and genetic alteration. Conclusions These findings suggested that members of the SLC1A family could be a potential target for the development of LUAD therapeutics as well as a reliable indicator of LUAD prognostic value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowu Zhong
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, 637000, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, 637000, People’s Republic of China
- Translational Medicine Research Center, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, 637000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lihua Yao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, 637000, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, 637000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lei Xu
- Translational Medicine Research Center, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, 637000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qiang Ma
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, 637000, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, 637000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guangcheng Huang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, 637000, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, 637000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Miyuan Yang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, 637000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chuanli Gao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, 637000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jibing Cheng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, 637000, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, 637000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xi Zhou
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, 637000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qinrong Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, 637000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaolan Guo
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, 637000, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, 637000, People’s Republic of China
- Translational Medicine Research Center, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, 637000, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Xiaolan Guo, Department of Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, 637000, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86-817-2282059, Fax +86-817-2282059, Email
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García-Gaytán AC, Hernández-Abrego A, Díaz-Muñoz M, Méndez I. Glutamatergic system components as potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets in cancer in non-neural organs. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:1029210. [PMID: 36457557 PMCID: PMC9705578 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.1029210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Glutamate is one of the most abundant amino acids in the blood. Besides its role as a neurotransmitter in the brain, it is a key substrate in several metabolic pathways and a primary messenger that acts through its receptors outside the central nervous system (CNS). The two main types of glutamate receptors, ionotropic and metabotropic, are well characterized in CNS and have been recently analyzed for their roles in non-neural organs. Glutamate receptor expression may be particularly important for tumor growth in organs with high concentrations of glutamate and might also influence the propensity of such tumors to set metastases in glutamate-rich organs, such as the liver. The study of glutamate transporters has also acquired relevance in the physiology and pathologies outside the CNS, especially in the field of cancer research. In this review, we address the recent findings about the expression of glutamatergic system components, such as receptors and transporters, their role in the physiology and pathology of cancer in non-neural organs, and their possible use as biomarkers and therapeutic targets.
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