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Tang TYC, Kim JS, Das A. Role of omega-3 and omega-6 endocannabinoids in cardiopulmonary pharmacology. ADVANCES IN PHARMACOLOGY (SAN DIEGO, CALIF.) 2023; 97:375-422. [PMID: 37236765 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apha.2023.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
Endocannabinoids are derived from dietary omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids and play an important role in regulation of inflammation, development, neurodegenerative diseases, cancer, and cardiovascular diseases. They elicit this effect via interactions with cannabinoid receptors 1 and 2 which are also targeted by plant derived cannabinoid from cannabis. The evidence of the involvement of the endocannabinoid system in cardiopulmonary function comes from studies that show that cannabis consumption leads to cardiovascular effect such as arrythmia and is beneficial in lung cancer patients. Moreover, omega-3 and omega-6 endocannabinoids play several important roles in cardiopulmonary system such as causing airway relaxation, suppressing atherosclerosis and hypertension. These effects are mediated via the cannabinoids receptors that are abundant in the cardiopulmonary system. Overall, this chapter reviews the known role of phytocannabinoids and endocannabinoids in the cardiopulmonary context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiffany Y-C Tang
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, College of Sciences. Georgia Institute of Technology, Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Justin S Kim
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, College of Sciences. Georgia Institute of Technology, Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Aditi Das
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, College of Sciences. Georgia Institute of Technology, Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Atlanta, GA, United States.
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Altieri DI, Etzion Y, Anderson HD. Cannabinoid receptor agonist attenuates angiotensin II-induced enlargement and mitochondrial dysfunction in rat atrial cardiomyocytes. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1142583. [PMID: 37113758 PMCID: PMC10126395 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1142583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Pathological remodeling of atrial tissue renders the atria more prone to arrhythmia upon arrival of electrical triggers. Activation of the renin-angiotensin system is an important factor that contributes to atrial remodeling, which may result in atrial hypertrophy and prolongation of P-wave duration. In addition, atrial cardiomyocytes are electrically coupled via gap junctions, and electrical remodeling of connexins may result in dysfunction of coordinated wave propagation within the atria. Currently, there is a lack of effective therapeutic strategies that target atrial remodeling. We previously proposed that cannabinoid receptors (CBR) may have cardioprotective qualities. CB13 is a dual cannabinoid receptor agonist that activates AMPK signaling in ventricular cardiomyocytes. We reported that CB13 attenuates tachypacing-induced shortening of atrial refractoriness and inhibition of AMPK signaling in the rat atria. Here, we evaluated the effects of CB13 on neonatal atrial rat cardiomyocytes (NRAM) stimulated by angiotensin II (AngII) in terms of atrial myocyte enlargement and mitochondrial function. CB13 inhibited AngII-induced enhancement of atrial myocyte surface area in an AMPK-dependent manner. CB13 also inhibited mitochondrial membrane potential deterioration in the same context. However, AngII and CB13 did not affect mitochondrial permeability transition pore opening. We further demonstrate that CB13 increased Cx43 compared to AngII-treated neonatal rat atrial myocytes. Overall, our results support the notion that CBR activation promotes atrial AMPK activation, and prevents myocyte enlargement (an indicator that suggests pathological hypertrophy), mitochondrial depolarization and Cx43 destabilization. Therefore, peripheral CBR activation should be further tested as a novel treatment strategy in the context of atrial remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle I. Altieri
- College of Pharmacy, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
- Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine (CCARM), Albrechtsen Research Centre, St Boniface Hospital, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Yoram Etzion
- Cardiac Arrhythmia Research Laboratory, Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
- Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research Center, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Hope D. Anderson
- College of Pharmacy, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
- Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine (CCARM), Albrechtsen Research Centre, St Boniface Hospital, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
- *Correspondence: Hope D. Anderson,
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Xu D, Xu C, Xue X, Xu Y, Zhao J, Huang T, Wang Z, Zhao Q, Zhou Z, Huang Y, Yu L, Wang H. Activation of cannabinoid receptor 2 attenuates Angiotensin II-induced atrial fibrillation via a potential NOX/CaMKII mechanism. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:968014. [PMID: 36312282 PMCID: PMC9616165 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.968014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most frequent arrythmia managed in clinical practice. Several mechanisms have been proposed to contribute to the occurrence and persistence of AF, in which oxidative stress plays a non-negligible role. The endocannabinoid system (ECS) is involved in a variety physiological and pathological processes. Cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB1R) and cannabinoid receptor 2 (CB2R) are expressed in the heart, and studies have shown that activating CB2R has a protective effect on the myocardium. However, the role of CB2R in AF is unknown. Materials and methods Angiotensin II (Ang II)-infused mice were treated with the CB2R agonist AM1241 intraperitoneally for 21 days. Atrial structural remodeling, AF inducibility, electrical transmission, oxidative stress and fibrosis were measured in mice. Results The susceptibility to AF and the level of oxidative stress were increased significantly in Ang II-infused mice. In addition, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase 2 (NOX2), NOX4, and oxidized Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (ox-CaMKII) were highly expressed. More importantly, treatment with AM1241 activated CB2R, resulting in a protective effect. Conclusion The present study demonstrates that pharmacological activation of CB2R exerts a protective effect against AF via a potential NOX/CaMKII mechanism. CB2R is a potential therapeutic target for AF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dengyue Xu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, Liaoning, China,Postgraduate College, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Chennian Xu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Xiaodong Xue
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Yinli Xu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Jikai Zhao
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Tao Huang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Zhishang Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Qiusheng Zhao
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Zijun Zhou
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Yuting Huang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Liming Yu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, Liaoning, China,Liming Yu,
| | - Huishan Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, Liaoning, China,*Correspondence: Huishan Wang,
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Why Do Marijuana and Synthetic Cannabimimetics Induce Acute Myocardial Infarction in Healthy Young People? Cells 2022; 11:cells11071142. [PMID: 35406706 PMCID: PMC8997492 DOI: 10.3390/cells11071142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of cannabis preparations has steadily increased. Although cannabis was traditionally assumed to only have mild vegetative side effects, it has become evident in recent years that severe cardiovascular complications can occur. Cannabis use has recently even been added to the risk factors for myocardial infarction. This review is dedicated to pathogenetic factors contributing to cannabis-related myocardial infarction. Tachycardia is highly important in this respect, and we provide evidence that activation of CB1 receptors in brain regions important for cardiovascular regulation and of presynaptic CB1 receptors on sympathetic and/or parasympathetic nerve fibers are involved. The prototypical factors for myocardial infarction, i.e., thrombus formation and coronary constriction, have also been considered, but there is little evidence that they play a decisive role. On the other hand, an increase in the formation of carboxyhemoglobin, impaired mitochondrial respiration, cardiotoxic reactions and tachyarrhythmias associated with the increased sympathetic tone are factors possibly intensifying myocardial infarction. A particularly important factor is that cannabis use is frequently accompanied by tobacco smoking. In conclusion, additional research is warranted to decipher the mechanisms involved, since cannabis use is being legalized increasingly and Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol and its synthetic analogue nabilone are indicated for the treatment of various disease states.
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Weresa J, Pędzińska-Betiuk A, Schlicker E, Hirnle G, Mitrosz M, Malinowska B. Beneficial and harmful effects of CB 1 and CB 2 receptor antagonists on chronotropic and inotropic effects related to atrial β-adrenoceptor activation in humans and in rats with primary hypertension. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2021; 48:1547-1557. [PMID: 34333780 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.13560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
We have previously shown that cannabinoid CB1 and CB2 receptor antagonists, AM251 and AM630, respectively, modulate cardiostimulatory effects of isoprenaline in atria of Wistar rats. The aim of the present study was to examine whether such modulatory effects can also be observed (a) in the human atrium and (b) in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and normotensive Wistar Kyoto rats (WKY). Inotropic effects of isoprenaline and/or CGP12177 (that activate the high- and low-affinity site of β1 -adrenoceptors, respectively) were examined in paced human atrial trabeculae and rat left atria; chronotropic effects were studied in spontaneously beating right rat atria. AM251 modified cardiostimulatory effects more strongly than AM630. Therefore, AM251 (1 μM) enhanced the chronotropic effect of isoprenaline in WKY and SHR as well as inotropic action of isoprenaline in WKY and in human atria. It also increased the inotropic influence of CGP12177 in SHR. AM630 (1 μM) decreased the inotropic effect of isoprenaline and CGP12177 in WKY, but enhanced the isoprenaline-induced inotropic effect in SHR and human atria. Furthermore, AM251 (0.1 and 3 μM) and AM630 (0.1 μM) reduced the inotropic action of isoprenaline in human atria. In conclusion, cannabinoid receptor antagonists have potentially harmful and beneficial effects through their amplificatory effects on β-adrenoceptor-mediated positive chronotropic and inotropic actions, respectively.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Humans
- Rats
- Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB1/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB1/metabolism
- Male
- Rats, Inbred SHR
- Heart Atria/drug effects
- Heart Atria/metabolism
- Heart Atria/physiopathology
- Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB2/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB2/metabolism
- Isoproterenol/pharmacology
- Hypertension/physiopathology
- Hypertension/drug therapy
- Hypertension/metabolism
- Hypertension/chemically induced
- Piperidines/pharmacology
- Myocardial Contraction/drug effects
- Heart Rate/drug effects
- Pyrazoles/pharmacology
- Rats, Inbred WKY
- Receptors, Adrenergic, beta/metabolism
- Indoles/pharmacology
- Cannabinoid Receptor Antagonists/pharmacology
- Female
- Propanolamines
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Affiliation(s)
- Jolanta Weresa
- Department of Experimental Physiology and Pathophysiology, Medical University of Białystok, Białystok, Poland
| | - Anna Pędzińska-Betiuk
- Department of Experimental Physiology and Pathophysiology, Medical University of Białystok, Białystok, Poland
| | - Eberhard Schlicker
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Grzegorz Hirnle
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Medical University of Białystok, Białystok, Poland
| | - Maciej Mitrosz
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Medical University of Białystok, Białystok, Poland
| | - Barbara Malinowska
- Department of Experimental Physiology and Pathophysiology, Medical University of Białystok, Białystok, Poland
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