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Cheng J, Zhang G, Liu L, Luo J, Peng X. Anti-inflammatory activity of β-glucans from different sources before and after fermentation by fecal bacteria in vitro. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2024; 104:1116-1131. [PMID: 37740718 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.12997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND β-Glucans are widely sourced and have various physiological effects, including anti-inflammatory effects. However, the strength of the anti-inflammatory activity of β-glucans from different sources remains unknown due to the lack of rapid and effective biomarkers. This study therefore aimed to screen out the β-glucans with strong anti-inflammatory activity from five different sources and to further screen out possible biomarkers in metabolites after fermenting the β-glucans with gut microorganisms. RESULTS The results showed that all five β-glucans inhibited the production of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced pro-inflammatory mediators and suppressed the mRNA expression level of TLR4/MyD88. Their anti-inflammatory mechanisms involved the inhibition of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and suppression of mRNA expression of the NF-κB pathway and JNK pathway. Among them, barley β-glucan exhibited the strongest anti-inflammatory effect, followed by Ganoderma lucidum β-glucan. Enhanced anti-inflammatory activity of β-glucan was found after fermentation and may be related to the increased abundance of metabolites such as vanillin, dihydroxyphenylacetic acid, caffeic acid, acetic acid, butyric acid, and lactic acid. They were strongly positively correlated to the abundance of beneficial bacteria such as Blautia, suggesting that the production of those metabolites may be responsible for the flourishing of the beneficial bacteria. CONCLUSION In conclusion, barley was a preferred raw material for the preparation of β-glucans with strong anti-inflammatory activity. Vanillin, dihydroxyphenylacetic acid, caffeic acid, acetic acid, butyric acid, and lactic acid were the possible biomarkers that could be utilized to evaluate the anti-inflammatory effect of β-glucans. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Cheng
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guangwen Zhang
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liu Liu
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianming Luo
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xichun Peng
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
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Peng C, Tu G, Wang J, Wang Y, Wu P, Yu L, Li Z, Yu X. MLKL signaling regulates macrophage polarization in acute pancreatitis through CXCL10. Cell Death Dis 2023; 14:155. [PMID: 36828808 PMCID: PMC9958014 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-023-05655-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/26/2023]
Abstract
Acute pancreatitis (AP) is a disease characterized by local and systemic inflammation with an increasing incidence worldwide. Receptor-interacting serine/threonine protein kinase 3 (RIPK3), mixed-lineage kinase domain-like protein (MLKL), and innate immune cell macrophages have been reported to be involved in the pathogenesis of AP. However, the mechanisms by which RIPK3 and MLKL regulate pancreatic injury, as well as the interactions between injured pancreatic acinar cells and infiltrating macrophages in AP, remain poorly defined. In the present study, experimental pancreatitis was induced in C57BL/6J, Ripk3-/- and Mlkl-/- mice by cerulein plus lipopolysaccharide in vivo, and primary pancreatic acinar cells were also isolated to uncover cellular mechanisms during cerulein stimulation in vitro. The results showed that MLKL and its phosphorylated protein p-MLKL were upregulated in the pancreas of the mouse AP model and cerulein-treated pancreatic acinar cells, independent of its canonical upstream molecule Ripk3, and appeared to function in a cell death-independent manner. Knockout of Mlkl attenuated AP in mice by reducing the polarization of pancreatic macrophages toward the M1 phenotype, and this protective effect was partly achieved by reducing the secretion of CXCL10 from pancreatic acinar cells, whereas knockout of Ripk3 did not. In vitro neutralization of CXCL10 impaired the pro-M1 ability of the conditioned medium of cerulein-treated pancreatic acinar cells, whereas in vivo neutralization of CXCL10 reduced the polarization of pancreatic macrophages toward M1 and the severity of AP in mice. These findings suggested that targeting the MLKL-CXCL10-macrophage axis might be a promising strategy for the treatment of AP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Peng
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Guangping Tu
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Jiale Wang
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Yilin Wang
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Peng Wu
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Li Yu
- Department of Radiology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Zhiqiang Li
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China.
| | - Xiao Yu
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China.
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Li W, Luo F, Wu X, Fan B, Yang M, Zhong W, Guan D, Wang F, Wang Q. Anti-Inflammatory Effects and Mechanisms of Dandelion in RAW264.7 Macrophages and Zebrafish Larvae. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:906927. [PMID: 36091818 PMCID: PMC9454954 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.906927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Dandelions (Taraxacum spp.) play an important role in the treatment of inflammatory diseases. In this study, we investigated the anti-inflammatory effects of Dandelion Extract (DE) in LPS-induced RAW264.7 macrophages and copper sulfate (CuSO4)-induced zebrafish larvae. DE was not toxic to RAW264.7 cells at 75 μg/ml as measured by cell viability, and DE inhibited LPS-induced cell morphological changes as measured by inverted microscopy. In survival experiments, DE at 25 μg/ml had no toxicity to zebrafish larvae. By using an enzymatic standard assay, DE reduced the production of nitric oxide (NO) in LPS-induced RAW264.7 cells. Fluorescence microscopy results show that DE reduced LPS-induced ROS production and apoptosis in RAW264.7 cells. DE also inhibited CuSO4-induced ROS production and neutrophil aggregation in zebrafish larvae. The results of flow cytometry show that DE alleviated the LPS-induced cell cycle arrest. In LPS-induced RAW264.7 cells, RT-PCR revealed that DE decreased the expression of M1 phenotypic genes iNOS, IL-6, and IL-1β while increasing the expression of M2 phenotypic genes IL-10 and CD206. Furthermore, in CuSO4-induced zebrafish larvae, DE reduced the expression of iNOS, TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-10. The findings suggest that DE reduces the LPS-induced inflammatory response in RAW264.7 cells by regulating polarization and apoptosis. DE also reduces the CuSO4-induced inflammatory response in zebrafish larvae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenju Li
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Fulong Luo
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Xiaohui Wu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Bei Fan
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Mingran Yang
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wu Zhong
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Sichuan Provincial Rehabilitation Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Dongyan Guan
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Fengzhong Wang
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qiong Wang
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- Sino-Portugal TCM International Cooperation Center, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
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Salidroside Regulates Mitochondrial Homeostasis After Polarization of RAW264.7 Macrophages. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2022; 81:85-92. [PMID: 36027482 PMCID: PMC9812418 DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0000000000001362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Salidroside has anti-inflammatory and antiatherosclerotic effects, and mitochondrial homeostasis imbalance is closely related to cardiovascular disease. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of salidroside on mitochondrial homeostasis after macrophage polarization and elucidate its possible mechanism against atherosclerosis. RAW264.7 cells were stimulated with 1 μg·mL -1 Lipopolysaccharide and 50 ng·mL -1 IFN-γ establish M1 polarization and were also pretreated with 400 μM salidroside. The relative expression of proinflammatory genes was detected by RT-PCR whereas that of mitochondrial homeostasis-related proteins and nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) was detected by WB. Levels of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), mitochondrial membrane potential, and mass were measured by chemifluorescence whereas that of NF-κB nuclear translocation was detected by immunofluorescence. Compared with the Mφ group, the M1 group demonstrated increased mRNA expression of interleukin-1β , inductible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and tumor necrosis factor-α ; increased protein expression of iNOS, NOD-like receptor protein 3, putative kinase 1 , and NF-κB p65 but decreased protein expression of MFN2, Tom20, and PGC-1α; decreased mitochondrial membrane potential and mass; and increased ROS levels and NF-κB p65 nuclear translocation. Salidroside intervention decreased mRNA expression of interleukin-1β and tumor necrosis factor-α compared with the M1 group but did not affect that of iNOS. Furthermore, salidroside intervention prevented the changes in protein expression, mitochondrial membrane potential and mass, ROS levels, and NF-κB p65 nuclear translocation observed in the M1 group. In summary, salidroside ultimately inhibits M1 macrophage polarization and maintains mitochondrial homeostasis after macrophage polarization by increasing mitochondrial membrane potential, decreasing ROS levels, inhibiting NF-κB activation, and in turn regulating the expression of proinflammatory factors and mitochondrial homeostasis-associated proteins.
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Shen W, Hu XL, Li SY, Li L, Dong XW, Liu H, Cui JM, Song Z, Zhang XQ, Ye WC, Wang H. Pyranochromones with Anti-Inflammatory Activities in Arthritis from Calophyllum membranaceum. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2022; 85:1374-1387. [PMID: 35503996 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.2c00157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Eleven new pyranochromones, calomembranone A-K (1-11), two new pyranocoumarins, calopolyanolide E and F (12 and 13), together with six known analogues (14-19) were isolated from the leaves of Calophyllum membranaceum. Their structures and absolute configurations were elucidated by analysis of spectroscopic data, computational calculations, as well as X-ray crystallography of 4 and 9. The anti-inflammatory activities of all the isolates were evaluated by measuring their NO inhibitory effects in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. Structure-activity relationships are also discussed. Compound 7 showed the strongest NO inhibition (IC50 = 0.92 μM). Oral administration of 7 dose-dependently reduced the paw swelling and downregulated neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio in the carrageenan-induced acute arthritis mice model. Molecular dynamics simulation and cellular thermal shift assay results indicated that 7 participated in a robust and stable interaction with the active site of TLR4. Compound 7 also suppressed the inflammation in arthritis through the regulation of TLR4 mediated signal transduction via IKK/NF-κB signaling pathway and the consequent reduction of IL-2, IL-4, and IL-5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of TCM Pharmaceuticals, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Long Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of TCM Pharmaceuticals, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Si-Yuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of TCM Pharmaceuticals, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Lun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of TCM Pharmaceuticals, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Wei Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of TCM Pharmaceuticals, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of TCM Pharmaceuticals, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia-Min Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of TCM Pharmaceuticals, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhe Song
- Instrumental Analysis Center, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Qi Zhang
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen-Cai Ye
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of TCM Pharmaceuticals, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
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