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Shen S, Huang D, Qian S, Ye X, Zhuang Q, Wan X, Dong Z. Hyodeoxycholic acid attenuates cholesterol gallstone formation via modulation of bile acid metabolism and gut microbiota. Eur J Pharmacol 2023; 955:175891. [PMID: 37429516 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2023.175891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Hyodeoxycholic acid (HDCA), a hydrophilic bile acid (BA), may prevent and suppress the formation of cholesterol gallstones (CGs). However, the mechanism by which HDCA prevents CGs formation remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the underlying mechanism of HDCA in preventing CG formation. METHODS C57BL/6J mice were fed either a lithogenic diet (LD), a chow diet, or LD combined with HDCA. The concentration of BAs in the liver and ileum were determined using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Genes involved in cholesterol and BAs metabolism were detected using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The gut microbiota in the faeces was determined using 16S rRNA. RESULTS HDCA supplementation effectively prevented LD-induced CG formation. HDCA increased the gene expression of BA synthesis enzymes, including Cyp7a1, Cyp7b1, and Cyp8b1, and decreased the expression of the cholesterol transporter Abcg5/g8 gene in the liver. HDCA inhibited LD-induced Nuclear farnesoid X receptor (Fxr) activation and reduced the gene expression of Fgf15 and Shp in the ileum. These data indicate that HDCA could prevent CGs formation partly by promoting BA synthesis in the liver and reduced the cholesterol efflux. In addition, HDCA administration reversed the LD-induced decrease in the abundance of norank_f_Muribaculaceae, which was inversely proportional to cholesterol levels. CONCLUSIONS HDCA attenuated CG formation by modulating BA synthesis and gut microbiota. This study provides new insights into the mechanism by which HDCA prevents CG formation. LAY SUMMARY In this study, we found that HDCA supplementation suppressed LD-induced CGs in mice by inhibiting Fxr in the ileum, enhancing BA synthesis, and increasing the abundance of norank_f_Muribaculaceae in the gut microbiota. HDCA can also downregulate the level of total cholesterol in the serum, liver, and bile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Shen
- Digestive Endoscopic Center, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Central Lab, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Dan Huang
- Digestive Endoscopic Center, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shengnan Qian
- Central Lab, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin Ye
- Digestive Endoscopic Center, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qian Zhuang
- Digestive Endoscopic Center, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinjian Wan
- Digestive Endoscopic Center, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Zhixia Dong
- Digestive Endoscopic Center, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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Zhou Z, Feng D, Shi D, Gao P, Wang L, Wu Z. Untargeted and targeted metabolomics reveal bile acid profile changes in rats with ethylene glycol-induced calcium oxalate nephrolithiasis. Chem Biol Interact 2023; 381:110570. [PMID: 37244400 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2023.110570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Calcium oxalate (CaOx) nephrolithiasis is a prevalent disorder linked to metabolism. Examining metabolic alterations could potentially give an initial understanding of the origins of CaOx nephrolithiasis. This study aims to determine gut metabolic biomarkers differentiating CaOx nephrolithiasis utilizing untargeted and targeted metabolomics. CaOx nephrolithiasis model rats were built by 1% ethylene glycol administration. Histologic staining and renal function measurement revealed the presence of crystals in the lumen of the renal tubules, the renal injury and interstitial fibrosis in CaOx rats, demonstrating that the models of CaOx were established successfully. Hematoxylin & eosin (H&E) staining showed that CaOx group had inflammation and damage in the ileal tissue. Immunofluorescence and PCR results displayed that the tight junction proteins, ZO-1 and Occludin levels were decreased in the ileal tissues of the CaOx group. The untargeted metabolomic analysis revealed that 269 gut metabolites were differentially expressed between the CaOx group and the control group. Meanwhile, bile secretion, the main metabolic pathway in CaOx nephrolithiasis, was identified. Following, five significant bile acid metabolites were selected utilizing the targeted bile acid metabolomics, including Hyodeoxycholic acid (HDCA), Glycohyodeoxycholic acid (GHDCA), Nor-Deoxycholic Acid, omega-muricholic acid, and Taurolithocholic acid. Among these metabolites, HDCA and GHDCA presented the highest predictive accuracy with AUC = 1 to distinguish the CaOx group from the control group. As a result of network pharmacology, target genes of HDCA and GHDCA in CaOx nephrolithiasis were enriched in oxidative stress and apoptosis pathways. Conclusively, our study provides insight into bile acids metabolic changes related to CaOx nephrolithiasis. Although alterations in biochemical pathways indicate a complex pathology in CaOx rats, bile acid changes may serve as biomarkers of CaOx nephrolithiasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zijian Zhou
- Department of Urology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, PR China
| | - Dexiang Feng
- Department of Urology, Dushu Lake Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, Medical Center of Soochow University, Suzhou Dushu Lake Hospital, Suzhou, 215123, PR China
| | - Donghui Shi
- Department of Urology, Suzhou Wu Zhong People's Hospital, Suzhou, 215100, PR China
| | - Peng Gao
- Department of Urology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, PR China; Clinical Research Center of Urolithiasis, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, PR China
| | - Lujia Wang
- Department of Urology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, PR China; Clinical Research Center of Urolithiasis, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, PR China.
| | - Zhong Wu
- Department of Urology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, PR China; Clinical Research Center of Urolithiasis, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, PR China.
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Yu AT, Khajoueinejad N, Gross A, Golas BJ, Cohen N. A possible role for ketorolac in the management of increased biliary drain output. Clin Res Hepatol Gastroenterol 2023; 47:102128. [PMID: 37088148 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinre.2023.102128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
Percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage is used to achieve biliary decompression in jaundiced patients with biliary obstruction. High drain output >2000 mL/day is rare, and can cause dehydration and electrolyte derangements, without effective treatments. We present the first patient, to our knowledge, who reacted to the use of the analgesic ketorolac with progressive reduction in biliary output, in the setting of malignant biliary obstruction from duodenal adenocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allen T Yu
- Department of Surgery, Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, NY, USA.
| | | | - Aliza Gross
- Department of Surgery, Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Noah Cohen
- Department of Surgery, Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, NY, USA
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Zádori ZS, Király K, Al-Khrasani M, Gyires K. Interactions between NSAIDs, opioids and the gut microbiota - Future perspectives in the management of inflammation and pain. Pharmacol Ther 2023; 241:108327. [PMID: 36473615 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2022.108327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The composition of intestinal microbiota is influenced by a number of factors, including medications, which may have a substantial impact on host physiology. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and opioid analgesics are among those widely used medications that have been shown to alter microbiota composition in both animals and humans. Although much effort has been devoted to identify microbiota signatures associated with these medications, much less is known about the underlying mechanisms. Mucosal inflammation, changes in intestinal motility, luminal pH and bile acid metabolism, or direct drug-induced inhibitory effect on bacterial growth are all potential contributors to NSAID- and opioid-induced dysbiosis, however, only a few studies have addressed directly these issues. In addition, there is a notable overlap between the microbiota signatures of these drugs and certain diseases in which they are used, such as spondyloarthritis (SpA), rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and neuropathic pain associated with type 2 diabetes (T2D). The aims of the present review are threefold. First, we aim to provide a comprehensive up-to-date summary on the bacterial alterations caused by NSAIDs and opioids. Second, we critically review the available data on the possible underlying mechanisms of dysbiosis. Third, we review the current knowledge on gut dysbiosis associated with SpA, RA and neuropathic pain in T2D, and highlight the similarities between them and those caused by NSAIDs and opioids. We posit that drug-induced dysbiosis may contribute to the persistence of these diseases, and may potentially limit the therapeutic effect of these medications by long-term use. In this context, we will review the available literature data on the effect of probiotic supplementation and fecal microbiota transplantation on the therapeutic efficacy of NSAIDs and opioids in these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoltán S Zádori
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Kornél Király
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Mahmoud Al-Khrasani
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Klára Gyires
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
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Jian J, Nie MT, Xiang B, Qian H, Yin C, Zhang X, Zhang M, Zhu X, Xie WF. Rifaximin Ameliorates Non-alcoholic Steatohepatitis in Mice Through Regulating gut Microbiome-Related Bile Acids. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:841132. [PMID: 35450049 PMCID: PMC9017645 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.841132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is the progressive stage of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The non-absorbable antibiotic rifaximin has been used for treatment of irritable bowel syndrome, traveling diarrhea, and hepatic encephalopathy, but the efficacy of rifaximin in NASH patients remains controversial. This study investigated the effects and underlying mechanisms of rifaximin treatment in mice with methionine and choline deficient (MCD) diet-induced NASH. We found that rifaximin greatly ameliorated hepatic steatosis, lobular inflammation, and fibrogenesis in MCD-fed mice. Bacterial 16S rRNA sequencing revealed that the gut microbiome was significantly altered in MCD-fed mice. Rifaximin treatment enriched 13 amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) belonging to the groups Muribaculaceae, Parabacteroides, Coriobacteriaceae_UCG-002, uncultured Oscillospiraceae, Dubosiella, Rikenellaceae_RC9_gut_group, Mucispirillum, and uncultured Desulfovibrionaceae. However, rifaximin treatment also reduced seven ASVs in the groups Aerococcus, Oscillospiraceae, uncultured Ruminococcaceae, Bilophila, Muribaculaceae, Helicobacter, and Alistipes in MCD-fed mice. Bile acid-targeted metabolomic analysis indicated that the MCD diet resulted in accumulation of primary bile acids and deoxycholic acid (DCA) in the ileum. Rifaximin delivery reduced DCA levels in MCD-fed mice. Correlation analysis further showed that DCA levels were associated with differentially abundant ASVs modulated by rifaximin. In conclusion, rifaximin may ameliorate NASH by decreasing ileal DCA through alteration of the gut microbiome in MCD-fed mice. Rifaximin treatment may therefore be a promising approach for NASH therapy in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Jian
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Mei-Tong Nie
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Institute of Stem Cell Research and Clinical Translation, Shanghai, China
| | - Baoyu Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, and School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui Qian
- Department of Gastroenterology, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chuan Yin
- Department of Gastroenterology, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Menghui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, and School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuan Zhu
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Wei-Fen Xie
- Department of Gastroenterology, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
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Impact of the Gastrointestinal Tract Microbiota on Cardiovascular Health and Pathophysiology. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2022; 80:13-30. [PMID: 35384898 DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0000000000001273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT The microbiota of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) is an extremely diverse community of microorganisms, and their collective genomes (microbiome) provide a vast arsenal of biological activities, in particular enzymatic ones, which are far from being fully elucidated. The study of the microbiota (and the microbiome) is receiving great interest from the biomedical community as it carries the potential to improve risk-prediction models, refine primary and secondary prevention efforts, and also design more appropriate and personalized therapies, including pharmacological ones. A growing body of evidence, though sometimes impaired by the limited number of subjects involved in the studies, suggests that GIT dysbiosis, i.e. the altered microbial composition, has an important role in causing and/or worsening cardiovascular disease (CVD). Bacterial translocation as well as the alteration of levels of microbe-derived metabolites can thus be important to monitor and modulate, because they may lead to initiation and progression of CVD, as well as to its establishment as chronic state. We hereby aim to provide readers with details on available resources and experimental approaches that are used in this fascinating field of biomedical research, and on some novelties on the impact of GIT microbiota on CVD.
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