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Cao D, Zhang S, Zhang Y, Shao M, Yang Q, Wang P. Association between gynecologic cancer and Alzheimer's disease: a bidirectional mendelian randomization study. BMC Cancer 2024; 24:1032. [PMID: 39169299 PMCID: PMC11337634 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-024-12787-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 08/08/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alzheimer's disease (AD) manifests with a higher rate of occurrence in women. Previous epidemiological studies have suggested a potential association between AD and gynecological cancers, but the causal relationship between them remains unclear. This study aims to explore the causal link between 12 types of gynecological cancers and AD using a bidirectional Mendelian randomization (MR) approach. METHODS We obtained genetic correlation tools for AD using data from the most extensive genome-wide association study. Genetic correlation data for 12 types of gynecological cancers were also sourced from the Finnish Biobank. These cancers include breast cancer (BC), cervical adenocarcinoma (CA), cervical squamous cell carcinoma (CSCC), cervical cancer (CC), endometrial cancer (EC), ovarian endometrioid carcinoma (OEC), ovarian cancer (OC), ovarian serous carcinoma (OSC), breast carcinoma in situ (BCIS), cervical carcinoma in situ (CCIS), endometrial carcinoma in situ (ECIS), and vulvar carcinoma in situ (VCIS). We used the inverse-variance weighted (IVW) model for causal analysis and conducted horizontal pleiotropy tests, heterogeneity tests, MR-PRESSO tests, and leave-one-out analyses to ensure the robustness of our results. We also applied replication analysis and meta-analysis to further validate our experimental results. RESULTS The study found that EC (P_IVW =0.037, OR [95% CI] = 1.032 [1.002, 1.064]) and CCIS (P_IVW = 0.046, OR [95% CI] = 1.032 [1.011, 1.064]) increase the risk of AD, whereas OC was negatively correlated with AD (P_IVW = 0.016, OR [95% CI] = 0.974[0.954, 0.995]). In reverse MR analysis, AD increased the risk of CC (P_IVW = 0.039, OR [95% CI] = 1.395 [1.017, 1.914]) and VCIS (P_IVW = 0.041, OR [95% CI] = 1.761 [1.027, 2.021]), but was negatively correlated with OEC (P_IVW = 0.034, OR [95% CI] = 0.634 [0.417, 0.966]). Sensitivity analysis results demonstrated robustness. These findings were further substantiated through replication and meta-analyses. CONCLUSIONS Our MR study supports a causal relationship between AD and gynecological cancers. This encourages further research into the incidence of gynecological cancers in female Alzheimer's patients and the active prevention of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Cao
- Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei, 430065, China
- Engineering Research Center of TCM Protection Technology and New Product Development for the Elderly Brain Health, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, Hubei, 430065, China
| | - Shaobo Zhang
- Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin, 130000, China
| | - Yini Zhang
- Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei, 430065, China
- Engineering Research Center of TCM Protection Technology and New Product Development for the Elderly Brain Health, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, Hubei, 430065, China
| | - Ming Shao
- Department of Environmental Genomics, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210000, China
- Department of Genetic Toxicology, The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210000, China
| | - Qiguang Yang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin, 130000, China
| | - Ping Wang
- Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei, 430065, China.
- Engineering Research Center of TCM Protection Technology and New Product Development for the Elderly Brain Health, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, Hubei, 430065, China.
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Atroosh F, Al-Habori M, Al-Eryani E, Saif-Ali R. Impact of khat (Catha edulis) and oral contraceptive use on telomerase levels and tumor suppressor genes p53 and p21 in normal subjects and breast cancer patients. Sci Rep 2024; 14:16365. [PMID: 39013992 PMCID: PMC11252306 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-67355-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/18/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the effects of oral contraceptive (OC) use, khat chewing, and their combined effect on telomerase level and tumor suppressor genes, p53 and p21 in breast cancer (BC) patients and normal volunteers. 140 Yemeni women aged 25-40 years old enrolled, 60 newly diagnosed pretreated BC patients, and 80 control subjects. Venous blood (5 ml) was collected and the results showed BC patients to have significantly raised levels of telomerase, p53, and p21 compared to the control group. The use of OCs significantly raised telomerase in control group with no effect in BC patients; whereas p53 and p21 were significantly increased in BC patients. On the other hand, khat chewing significantly increased p53 in controls and BC patients, whereas p21 was significantly raised in BC patients. The combined use of OCs and khat chewing significantly increased telomerase and p53 in control group, and significantly increased p53 and p21 in BC patients. Telomerase was shown to be a risk factor (OR 4.4) for BC, and the use of OCs was a high-risk factor for increasing telomerase (OR 27.8) in normal subjects. In contrast, khat chewing was shown to be protective (OR 0.142), and the combined use of OCs and khat chewing decreased the risk factor of telomerase from OR 27.8 to 2.1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fairooz Atroosh
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sana'a University, Sana'a, Republic of Yemen
| | - Molham Al-Habori
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sana'a University, Sana'a, Republic of Yemen.
| | - Ekram Al-Eryani
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sana'a University, Sana'a, Republic of Yemen
| | - Riyadh Saif-Ali
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sana'a University, Sana'a, Republic of Yemen
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Assidi M, Buhmeida A, Al-Zahrani MH, Al-Maghrabi J, Rasool M, Naseer MI, Alkhatabi H, Alrefaei AF, Zari A, Elkhatib R, Abuzenadah A, Pushparaj PN, Abu-Elmagd M. The Prognostic Value of the Developmental Gene FZD6 in Young Saudi Breast Cancer Patients: A Biomarkers Discovery and Cancer Inducers OncoScreen Approach. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:783735. [PMID: 35237656 PMCID: PMC8883113 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.783735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Wnt signalling receptors, Frizzleds (FZDs), play a pivotal role in many cellular events during embryonic development and cancer. Female breast cancer (BC) is currently the worldwide leading incident cancer type that cause 1 in 6 cancer-related death. FZD receptors expression in cancer was shown to be associated with tumour development and patient outcomes including recurrence and survival. FZD6 received little attention for its role in BC and hence we analysed its expression pattern in a Saudi BC cohort to assess its prognostic potential and unravel the impacted signalling pathway. Paraffin blocks from approximately 405 randomly selected BC patients aged between 25 and 70 years old were processed for tissue microarray using an automated tissue arrayer and then subjected to FZD6 immunohistochemistry staining using the Ventana platform. Besides, Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) knowledgebase was used to decipher the upstream and downstream regulators of FZD6 in BC. TargetScan and miRabel target-prediction databases were used to identify the potential microRNA to regulate FZD6 expression in BC. Results showed that 60% of the BC samples had a low expression pattern while 40% showed a higher expression level. FZD6 expression analysis showed a significant correlation with tumour invasion (p < 0.05), and borderline significance with tumour grade (p = 0.07). FZD6 expression showed a highly significant association with the BC patients’ survival outcomes. This was mainly due to the overall patients’ cohort where tumours with FZD6 elevated expression showed higher recurrence rates (DFS, p < 0.0001, log-rank) and shorter survival times (DSS, p < 0.02, log-rank). Interestingly, the FZD6 prognostic value was more potent in younger BC patients as compared to those with late onset of the disease. TargetScan microRNA target-prediction analysis and validated by miRabel showed that FZD6 is a potential target for a considerable number of microRNAs expressed in BC. The current study demonstrates a potential prognostic role of FZD6 expression in young BC female patients and provides a better understanding of the involved molecular silencing machinery of the Wnt/FZD6 signalling. Our results should provide a better understanding of FZD6 role in BC by adding more knowledge that should help in BC prevention and theranostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mourad Assidi
- Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdelbaset Buhmeida
- Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maryam H. Al-Zahrani
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jaudah Al-Maghrabi
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mahmood Rasool
- Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad I. Naseer
- Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Heba Alkhatabi
- Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulmajeed F. Alrefaei
- Department of Biology, Jamoum University College, Umm Al-Qura University, Mecca, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali Zari
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Razan Elkhatib
- Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Adel Abuzenadah
- Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Peter N. Pushparaj
- Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Center for Transdisciplinary Research, Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, India
| | - Muhammad Abu-Elmagd
- Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- *Correspondence: Muhammad Abu-Elmagd,
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Khat, a Cultural Chewing Drug: A Toxicokinetic and Toxicodynamic Summary. Toxins (Basel) 2022; 14:toxins14020071. [PMID: 35202099 PMCID: PMC8875844 DOI: 10.3390/toxins14020071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Khat (Catha edulis) is a recreational, chewed herbal drug that has been used as a psychostimulant for centuries in East Africa and the Arabian Peninsula, namely in Somalia, Ethiopia, and Yemen. However, the growing worldwide availability of khat has produced widespread concern. The plant comprises a large number of active substances, among which cathinone, cathine, and norephedrine are the main constituents, which can be included in the group of sympathomimetics of natural origin. In fact, these compounds are amphetamine analogues, and, as such, they have amphetamine-like nervous system stimulant effects. Chewing the leaves gives people a sensation of well-being and increases energy, alertness, and self-confidence. The chronic use of khat is, however, associated with severe cardiac, neurological, psychological, and gastrointestinal complications. The psychological dependence and withdrawal symptoms of khat are the reasons for its prolonged use. The aim of this paper is to review current knowledge on the khat plant with toxicokinetic and toxicodynamic perspectives. Namely, this review paper addresses in vitro, in vivo, and human studies. The models used, as well as the concentrations and doses with the respective biological effects, are discussed. Additionally, the main drug interactions involved with khat are described.
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