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Ackermann BW, Merkenschlager A. The Role of TRPV1 in Febrile Seizure Susceptibility: Inflammation, Respiratory Alkalosis, and Seizure Threshold. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2024; 71:139-140. [PMID: 38701493 PMCID: PMC11299084 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2024-0182ed] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024] Open
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2
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Socała K, Jakubiec M, Abram M, Mlost J, Starowicz K, Kamiński RM, Ciepiela K, Andres-Mach M, Zagaja M, Metcalf CS, Zawadzki P, Wlaź P, Kamiński K. TRPV1 channel in the pathophysiology of epilepsy and its potential as a molecular target for the development of new antiseizure drug candidates. Prog Neurobiol 2024; 240:102634. [PMID: 38834133 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2024.102634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
Identification of transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily V member 1 (TRPV1), also known as capsaicin receptor, in 1997 was a milestone achievement in the research on temperature sensation and pain signalling. Very soon after it became evident that TRPV1 is implicated in a wide array of physiological processes in different peripheral tissues, as well as in the central nervous system, and thereby could be involved in the pathophysiology of numerous diseases. Increasing evidence suggests that modulation of TRPV1 may also affect seizure susceptibility and epilepsy. This channel is localized in brain regions associated with seizures and epilepsy, and its overexpression was found both in animal models of seizures and in brain samples from epileptic patients. Moreover, modulation of TRPV1 on non-neuronal cells (microglia, astrocytes, and/or peripheral immune cells) may have an impact on the neuroinflammatory processes that play a role in epilepsy and epileptogenesis. In this paper, we provide a comprehensive and critical overview of currently available data on TRPV1 as a possible molecular target for epilepsy management, trying to identify research gaps and future directions. Overall, several converging lines of evidence implicate TRPV1 channel as a potentially attractive target in epilepsy research but more studies are needed to exploit the possible role of TRPV1 in seizures/epilepsy and to evaluate the value of TRPV1 ligands as candidates for new antiseizure drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Socała
- Department of Animal Physiology and Pharmacology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Akademicka 19, Lublin PL 20-033, Poland.
| | - Marcin Jakubiec
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, Cracow PL 30-688, Poland
| | - Michał Abram
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, Cracow PL 30-688, Poland
| | - Jakub Mlost
- Department of Neurochemistry, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Smętna 12, Cracow PL 31-343, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Starowicz
- Department of Neurochemistry, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Smętna 12, Cracow PL 31-343, Poland
| | - Rafał M Kamiński
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, Cracow PL 30-688, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Ciepiela
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, Cracow PL 30-688, Poland; Selvita S.A., Bobrzyńskiego 14, Cracow PL 30-348, Poland
| | - Marta Andres-Mach
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology, Institute of Rural Health, Jaczewskiego 2, Lublin PL 20-090, Poland
| | - Mirosław Zagaja
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology, Institute of Rural Health, Jaczewskiego 2, Lublin PL 20-090, Poland
| | - Cameron S Metcalf
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Przemysław Zawadzki
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, Cracow PL 30-688, Poland
| | - Piotr Wlaź
- Department of Animal Physiology and Pharmacology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Akademicka 19, Lublin PL 20-033, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Kamiński
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, Cracow PL 30-688, Poland
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3
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Ling X, Wang W. A-80426 suppresses CFA-induced inflammatory pain by suppressing TRPV1 activity via NFκB and PI3K pathways in mice. Clinics (Sao Paulo) 2023; 78:100213. [PMID: 37269788 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinsp.2023.100213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/05/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Pain is associated with many circumstances, including inflammatory reactions, which arise from modification of the features of signaling pathways. α2-adrenergic receptor antagonists are widely utilized in narcosis. Here, the authors focused on the narcotic effect of A-80426 (A8) on Complete Freund's Adjuvant (CFA) injections-triggered chronic inflammation pain in WT and TRPV1-/- mice and explored whether its antinociceptive impact was modulated via Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid 1 (TRPV1). METHOD CFA with or without A8 was co-administered to the mice, which were categorized randomly into four groups: CFA, A8, control, and vehicle. Pain behaviors underwent evaluation through mechanical withdrawal threshold, abdominal withdrawal reflex, and thermal withdrawal latency of WT animals. RESULTS Quantitative polymerase chain reaction revealed that inflammation-promoting cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α) were upregulated in Dorsal Root Ganglion (DRG) and Spinal Cord Dorsal Horn (SCDH) tissues of WT animals. A8 administration reduced the pain behaviors and production of pro-inflammatory cytokines; however, this effect was significantly reduced in TRPV1-/- mice. Further analysis showed that CFA treatment reduced the TRPV1 expression in WT mice and A8 administration increased its expression and activity. The co-administration of SB-705498, a TRPV1 blocker, did not influence the pain behaviors and inflammation cytokines in CFA WT mice; however, SB-705498 the effect of A8 in WT mice. In addition, the TRPV1 block decreased the NFκB and PI3K activation in the Dorsal Root Ganglia (DRG) and Spinal Cord Dorsal Horn (SCDH) tissues of WT mice. CONCLUSIONS Together, A8 exerted a narcotic impact on CFA-supplemented mice via the TRPV1-modulated NFκB and PI3K pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomei Ling
- Department of Anesthesiology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
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Anderson LL, Bahceci DA, Hawkins NA, Everett-Morgan D, Banister SD, Kearney JA, Arnold JC. Heterozygous deletion of Gpr55 does not affect a hyperthermia-induced seizure, spontaneous seizures or survival in the Scn1a+/- mouse model of Dravet syndrome. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0280842. [PMID: 36701411 PMCID: PMC9879440 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0280842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
A purified preparation of cannabidiol (CBD), a cannabis constituent, has been approved for the treatment of intractable childhood epilepsies such as Dravet syndrome. Extensive pharmacological characterization of CBD shows activity at numerous molecular targets but its anticonvulsant mechanism(s) of action is yet to be delineated. Many suggest that the anticonvulsant action of CBD is the result of G protein-coupled receptor 55 (GPR55) inhibition. Here we assessed whether Gpr55 contributes to the strain-dependent seizure phenotypes of the Scn1a+/- mouse model of Dravet syndrome. The Scn1a+/- mice on a 129S6/SvEvTac (129) genetic background have no overt phenotype, while those on a [129 x C57BL/6J] F1 background exhibit a severe phenotype that includes hyperthermia-induced seizures, spontaneous seizures and reduced survival. We observed greater Gpr55 transcript expression in the cortex and hippocampus of mice on the seizure-susceptible F1 background compared to those on the seizure-resistant 129 genetic background, suggesting that Gpr55 might be a genetic modifier of Scn1a+/- mice. We examined the effect of heterozygous genetic deletion of Gpr55 and pharmacological inhibition of GPR55 on the seizure phenotypes of F1.Scn1a+/- mice. Heterozygous Gpr55 deletion and inhibition of GPR55 with CID2921524 did not affect the temperature threshold of a thermally-induced seizure in F1.Scn1a+/- mice. Neither was there an effect of heterozygous Gpr55 deletion observed on spontaneous seizure frequency or survival of F1.Scn1a+/- mice. Our results suggest that GPR55 antagonism may not be a suitable anticonvulsant target for Dravet syndrome drug development programs, although future research is needed to provide more definitive conclusions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lyndsey L. Anderson
- Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, Discipline of Pharmacology, Sydney Pharmacy School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Lambert Initiative for Cannabinoid Therapeutics, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Dilara A. Bahceci
- Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, Discipline of Pharmacology, Sydney Pharmacy School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Lambert Initiative for Cannabinoid Therapeutics, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Nicole A. Hawkins
- Department of Pharmacology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, United States of America
| | - Declan Everett-Morgan
- Lambert Initiative for Cannabinoid Therapeutics, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Samuel D. Banister
- Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Lambert Initiative for Cannabinoid Therapeutics, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Faculty of Science, School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Jennifer A. Kearney
- Department of Pharmacology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, United States of America
| | - Jonathon C. Arnold
- Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, Discipline of Pharmacology, Sydney Pharmacy School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Lambert Initiative for Cannabinoid Therapeutics, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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5
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Chen W, Xu Q, Ma X, Mo J, Lin G, He G, Chu Z, Li J. Synthesis and biological evaluation of N-(benzene sulfonyl)acetamide derivatives as anti-inflammatory and analgesic agents with COX-2/5-LOX/TRPV1 multifunctional inhibitory activity. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2023; 80:129101. [PMID: 36481449 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2022.129101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In this study, a series of structurally novel N-(benzene sulfonyl) acetamide derivatives were designed, synthesized, and biologically evaluated as COX-2/5-LOX/TRPV1 multitarget inhibitors for anti-inflammatory and analgesic therapy. Among them, 9a and 9b displayed favorable COX-2 (9a IC50 = 0.011 μM, 9b IC50 = 0.023 μM), 5-LOX (9a IC50 = 0.046 μM, 9b IC50 = 0.31 μM) and TRPV1 (9a IC50 = 0.008 μM, 9b IC50 = 0.14 μM) inhibitory activities. The pharmacokinetic (PK) study of 9a in SD rats at the dosage of 10 mg/kg demonstrated a high oral exposure, an acceptable clearance and a favorable bioavailability (Cmax = 5807.18 ± 2657.83 ng/mL, CL = 3.24 ± 1.47 mL/min/kg, F = 96.8 %). Further in vivo efficacy studies illustrated that 9a was capable of ameliorating formalin-induced pain and inhibiting capsaicin-induced ear edema.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenli Chen
- College of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China; Hefei Industrial Pharmaceutical Institute Co., Ltd., Hefei, Anhui 230061, China
| | - Qinlong Xu
- Hefei Industrial Pharmaceutical Institute Co., Ltd., Hefei, Anhui 230061, China
| | - Xiaodong Ma
- College of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China
| | - Jiajia Mo
- Hefei Industrial Pharmaceutical Institute Co., Ltd., Hefei, Anhui 230061, China
| | - Gaofeng Lin
- Hefei Industrial Pharmaceutical Institute Co., Ltd., Hefei, Anhui 230061, China
| | - Guangwei He
- Hefei Industrial Pharmaceutical Institute Co., Ltd., Hefei, Anhui 230061, China
| | - Zhaoxing Chu
- Hefei Industrial Pharmaceutical Institute Co., Ltd., Hefei, Anhui 230061, China.
| | - Jiaming Li
- College of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China.
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6
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Bahceci D, Anderson LL, Kevin RC, Doohan PT, Arnold JC. Hyperthermia-Induced Seizures Enhance Brain Concentrations of the Endocannabinoid-Related Linoleoyl Glycerols in a Scn1a+/- Mouse Model of Dravet Syndrome. Cannabis Cannabinoid Res 2022. [PMID: 36269656 DOI: 10.1089/can.2022.0145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: The endocannabinoid system contributes to the homeostatic response to seizure activity in epilepsy, a disease of brain hyperexcitability. Indeed, studies using conventional epilepsy models have shown that seizures increase endocannabinoids in the brain. However, it is unknown whether endocannabinoids and structurally related fatty acid amides and monoacylglycerols are similarly released in response to acute seizures in animal models of drug-resistant epilepsy. Therefore, in this study, we investigated whether a hyperthermia-induced seizure increased concentrations of endocannabinoids and related signaling lipids in the Scn1a+/- mouse model of Dravet syndrome. Materials and Methods: We compared hippocampal concentrations of the major endocannabinoids and related monoglycerols and N-acylethanolamines in wild-type mice, naïve Scn1a+/- mice, and Scn1a+/- mice primed with a single, hyperthermia-induced, generalized tonic-clonic seizure. Samples were collected 5 and 60 min following the seizure and then analyzed with LC-MS/MS. Results: We found that a hyperthermia-induced seizure in Scn1a+/- mice did not affect hippocampal concentrations of the major endocannabinoids, 2-AG and anandamide, or the N-acylethanolamines studied, although the sampling of tissue 5 min postseizure may have been too late to capture any effect on these lipids. Heterozygous deletion of Scn1a alone did not affect these lipid signaling molecules. Notably, however, we found that a hyperthermia-induced seizure significantly increased hippocampal concentrations of the monoacylglycerols, 2-linoleoyl glycerol (2-LG) and 1-linoleoyl glycerol (1-LG), in Scn1a+/- mice. Conclusions: Our results show the unprecedented elevation of the lesser-studied endocannabinoid-related monoacylglycerols, 2-LG and 1-LG, following a hyperthermia-induced seizure in a mouse model of Dravet syndrome. Future research is needed to comprehensively explore the function of these lipid signaling molecules during seizure activity and whether their actions can be exploited to develop new therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dilara Bahceci
- Lambert Initiative for Cannabinoid Therapeutics, The University of Sydney, Camperdown , Australia.,Discipline of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia.,Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia
| | - Lyndsey L Anderson
- Lambert Initiative for Cannabinoid Therapeutics, The University of Sydney, Camperdown , Australia.,Discipline of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia.,Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia
| | - Richard C Kevin
- Lambert Initiative for Cannabinoid Therapeutics, The University of Sydney, Camperdown , Australia.,Discipline of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia.,Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia
| | - Peter T Doohan
- Lambert Initiative for Cannabinoid Therapeutics, The University of Sydney, Camperdown , Australia.,Discipline of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia.,Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia
| | - Jonathon C Arnold
- Lambert Initiative for Cannabinoid Therapeutics, The University of Sydney, Camperdown , Australia.,Discipline of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia.,Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia
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7
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Kearney JA, Copeland-Hardin LD, Duarte S, Zachwieja NA, Eckart-Frank IK, Hawkins NA. Fine mapping and candidate gene analysis of a dravet syndrome modifier locus on mouse chromosome 11. Mamm Genome 2022; 33:565-574. [PMID: 35606653 DOI: 10.1007/s00335-022-09955-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Pathogenic variants in SCN1A result in a spectrum of phenotypes ranging from mild febrile seizures to Dravet syndrome, a severe infant-onset epileptic encephalopathy. Individuals with Dravet syndrome have developmental delays, elevated risk for sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP), and have multiple seizure types that are often refractory to treatment. Although most Dravet syndrome variants arise de novo, there are cases where an SCN1A variant was inherited from mildly affected parents, as well as some individuals with de novo loss-of-function or truncation mutations that presented with milder phenotypes. This suggests that disease severity is influenced by other factors that modify expressivity of the primary mutation, which likely includes genetic modifiers. Consistent with this, the Scn1a+/- mouse model of Dravet syndrome exhibits strain-dependent variable phenotype severity. Scn1a+/- mice on the 129S6/SvEvTac (129) strain have no overt phenotype and a normal lifespan, while [C57BL/6Jx129]F1.Scn1a+/- mice have severe epilepsy with high rates of premature death. Low resolution genetic mapping identified several Dravet syndrome modifier (Dsm) loci responsible for the strain-dependent difference in survival of Scn1a+/- mice. To confirm the Dsm5 locus and refine its position, we generated interval-specific congenic strains carrying 129-derived chromosome 11 alleles on the C57BL/6J strain and localized Dsm5 to a 5.9 Mb minimal region. We then performed candidate gene analysis in the modifier region. Consideration of brain-expressed genes with expression or coding sequence differences between strains along with gene function suggested numerous strong candidates, including several protein coding genes and two miRNAs that may regulate Scn1a transcript.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer A Kearney
- Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 320 E. Superior St., Searle 8-510, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA.
| | - Letonia D Copeland-Hardin
- Driskill Graduate Program in Life Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Samantha Duarte
- Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 320 E. Superior St., Searle 8-510, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Nicole A Zachwieja
- Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 320 E. Superior St., Searle 8-510, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Isaiah K Eckart-Frank
- Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 320 E. Superior St., Searle 8-510, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Nicole A Hawkins
- Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 320 E. Superior St., Searle 8-510, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
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8
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Xu C, Zhang Y, Gozal D, Carney P. Channelopathy of Dravet Syndrome and Potential Neuroprotective Effects of Cannabidiol. J Cent Nerv Syst Dis 2021; 13:11795735211048045. [PMID: 34992485 PMCID: PMC8724990 DOI: 10.1177/11795735211048045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Dravet syndrome (DS) is a channelopathy, neurodevelopmental, epileptic encephalopathy characterized by seizures, developmental delay, and cognitive impairment that includes susceptibility to thermally induced seizures, spontaneous seizures, ataxia, circadian rhythm and sleep disorders, autistic-like behaviors, and premature death. More than 80% of DS cases are linked to mutations in genes which encode voltage-gated sodium channel subunits, SCN1A and SCN1B, which encode the Nav1.1α subunit and Nav1.1β1 subunit, respectively. There are other gene mutations encoding potassium, calcium, and hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated (HCN) channels related to DS. One-third of patients have pharmacoresistance epilepsy. DS is unresponsive to standard therapy. Cannabidiol (CBD), a non-psychoactive phytocannabinoid present in Cannabis, has been introduced for treating DS because of its anticonvulsant properties in animal models and humans, especially in pharmacoresistant patients. However, the etiological channelopathiological mechanism of DS and action mechanism of CBD on the channels are unclear. In this review, we summarize evidence of the direct and indirect action mechanism of sodium, potassium, calcium, and HCN channels in DS, especially sodium subunits. Some channels' loss-of-function or gain-of-function in inhibitory or excitatory neurons determine the balance of excitatory and inhibitory are associated with DS. A great variety of mechanisms of CBD anticonvulsant effects are focused on modulating these channels, especially sodium, calcium, and potassium channels, which will shed light on ionic channelopathy of DS and the precise molecular treatment of DS in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changqing Xu
- Department of Child Health and the Child Health Research Institute, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Yumin Zhang
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Genetics; Department of Neuroscience, Uniformed Services University School of Medicine, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - David Gozal
- Department of Child Health and the Child Health Research Institute, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Paul Carney
- Departments of Child Health and Neurology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
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Anderson LL, Heblinski M, Absalom NL, Hawkins NA, Bowen M, Benson MJ, Zhang F, Bahceci D, Doohan PT, Chebib M, McGregor IS, Kearney JA, Arnold JC. Cannabigerolic acid, a major biosynthetic precursor molecule in cannabis, exhibits divergent effects on seizures in mouse models of epilepsy. Br J Pharmacol 2021; 178:4826-4841. [PMID: 34384142 PMCID: PMC9292928 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Purpose Cannabis has been used to treat epilepsy for millennia, with such use validated by regulatory approval of cannabidiol (CBD) for Dravet syndrome. Unregulated artisanal cannabis‐based products used to treat children with intractable epilepsies often contain relatively low doses of CBD but are enriched in other phytocannabinoids. This raises the possibility that other cannabis constituents might have anticonvulsant properties. Experimental Approach We used the Scn1a+/− mouse model of Dravet syndrome to investigate the cannabis plant for phytocannabinoids with anticonvulsant effects against hyperthermia‐induced seizures. The most promising, cannabigerolic acid (CBGA), was further examined against spontaneous seizures and survival in Scn1a+/− mice and in electroshock seizure models. Pharmacological effects of CBGA were surveyed across multiple drug targets. Key Results The initial screen identified three phytocannabinoids with novel anticonvulsant properties: CBGA, cannabidivarinic acid (CBDVA) and cannabigerovarinic acid (CBGVA). CBGA was most potent and potentiated the anticonvulsant effects of clobazam against hyperthermia‐induced and spontaneous seizures, and was anticonvulsant in the MES threshold test. However, CBGA was proconvulsant in the 6‐Hz threshold test and a high dose increased spontaneous seizure frequency in Scn1a+/− mice. CBGA was found to interact with numerous epilepsy‐relevant targets including GPR55, TRPV1 channels and GABAA receptors. Conclusion and Implications These results suggest that CBGA, CBDVA and CBGVA may contribute to the effects of cannabis‐based products in childhood epilepsy. Although these phytocannabinoids have anticonvulsant potential and could be lead compounds for drug development programmes, several liabilities would need to be overcome before CBD is superseded by another in this class.
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Affiliation(s)
- L L Anderson
- Lambert Initiative for Cannabinoid Therapeutics, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Discipline of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - M Heblinski
- Lambert Initiative for Cannabinoid Therapeutics, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Discipline of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - N L Absalom
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - N A Hawkins
- Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - M Bowen
- Lambert Initiative for Cannabinoid Therapeutics, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,School of Psychology, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - M J Benson
- Lambert Initiative for Cannabinoid Therapeutics, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,School of Psychology, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - F Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - D Bahceci
- Lambert Initiative for Cannabinoid Therapeutics, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Discipline of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - P T Doohan
- Lambert Initiative for Cannabinoid Therapeutics, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Discipline of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - M Chebib
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - I S McGregor
- Lambert Initiative for Cannabinoid Therapeutics, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,School of Psychology, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - J A Kearney
- Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - J C Arnold
- Lambert Initiative for Cannabinoid Therapeutics, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Discipline of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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