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Bertoli C, Chester J, Cortelazzi C, Ciardo S, Manfredini M, Di Nuzzo S, Kaleci S, Pellacani G, Farnetani F. Vitiligo Treated with Combined Piperine-Based Topical Treatment and Narrowband Ultraviolet B Therapy: Follow-Up with Reflectance Confocal Microscopy. Diagnostics (Basel) 2024; 14:494. [PMID: 38472966 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics14050494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM) has a defined in vivo morphology of vitiligo and re-pigmentation. Combination therapies seem more effective than monotherapies. OBJECTIVE We aim to describe the clinical and RCM features of re-pigmentation with combined narrowband ultraviolet B (NB-UVB) and piperine-based topical treatment in localized vitiligo. METHODS Eight patients enrolled at a single center received combined treatment: topical treatment was applied twice daily + NB-UVB twice weekly for 2 × 2-month periods. Clinical changes were analyzed by the Vitiligo Noticeability Scale (VNS) and percentage of re-pigmentation. The evaluator agreement was assessed. Predefined RCM features had the presence/absence of (i) blood vessels, (ii) dendritic cells, and the quantity of (i) an irregular honeycombed pattern and (ii) non-pigmented papillae. Clinical and RCM monitoring was performed at the baseline, 2, 3, 5, and 7 months. RESULTS Macules were "slightly less noticeable" with 25-50% re-pigmentation. Irregular honeycomb patterns and non-pigmented papillae were significantly less frequently observed, and in less extended areas (T1 vs. T2, p = 0.039; T0 vs. T1, p = 0.005 and T2 vs. T4, p = 0.033). Dendritic cells and blood vessels improved, with significant changes in blood vessels (T1 vs. T2, p = 0.005 and T3 vs. T4, p = 0.008). CONCLUSIONS RCM confirms the morphological changes induced by combined treatment for localized vitiligo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Bertoli
- Department of Dermatology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41123 Modena, Italy
| | - Johanna Chester
- Department of Dermatology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41123 Modena, Italy
| | - Chiara Cortelazzi
- Department of Dermatology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41123 Modena, Italy
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, 43125 Parma, Italy
| | - Silvana Ciardo
- Department of Dermatology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41123 Modena, Italy
| | - Marco Manfredini
- Department of Dermatology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41123 Modena, Italy
| | - Sergio Di Nuzzo
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, 43125 Parma, Italy
| | - Shaniko Kaleci
- Department of Dermatology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41123 Modena, Italy
| | - Giovanni Pellacani
- Dermatology Clinic, Department of Clinical Internal, Anesthesiological and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00196 Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Farnetani
- Department of Dermatology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41123 Modena, Italy
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Farhan M. The Promising Role of Polyphenols in Skin Disorders. Molecules 2024; 29:865. [PMID: 38398617 PMCID: PMC10893284 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29040865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The biochemical characteristics of polyphenols contribute to their numerous advantageous impacts on human health. The existing research suggests that plant phenolics, whether consumed orally or applied directly to the skin, can be beneficial in alleviating symptoms and avoiding the development of many skin disorders. Phenolic compounds, which are both harmless and naturally present, exhibit significant potential in terms of counteracting the effects of skin damage, aging, diseases, wounds, and burns. Moreover, polyphenols play a preventive role and possess the ability to delay the progression of several skin disorders, ranging from small and discomforting to severe and potentially life-threatening ones. This article provides a concise overview of recent research on the potential therapeutic application of polyphenols for skin conditions. It specifically highlights studies that have investigated clinical trials and the use of polyphenol-based nanoformulations for the treatment of different skin ailments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Farhan
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Faisal University, Al Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia;
- Department of Basic Sciences, Preparatory Year, King Faisal University, Al Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
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Kim NH, Kim HJ, Lee AY. Aquaporin-3 Downregulation in Vitiligo Keratinocytes Increases Oxidative Stress of Melanocytes. Biomol Ther (Seoul) 2023; 31:648-654. [PMID: 37818624 PMCID: PMC10616513 DOI: 10.4062/biomolther.2023.112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress-induced melanocyte apoptosis is linked to the immune system and plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of vitiligo. Aquaporin-3 (AQP3), which is downregulated in vitiligo keratinocytes, regulates intracellular H2O2 accumulation. However, the role of AQP3 in oxidative stress is uncertain in vitiligo. This study investigated the effect of downregulated AQP3 on oxidative stress in vitiligo using lesional and non-lesional skin specimen sets from vitiligo patients and primary cultured adult normal human epidermal keratinocytes, with or without downregulation and overexpression of AQP3 in the presence or absence of H2O2 treatment. The levels of nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (NRF2) and/or its main target, NAD(P)H quinone dehydrogenase 1 (NQO-1), were lower in the lesional keratinocytes and cultured keratinocytes with AQP3 knockdown, but were increased in keratinocytes upon AQP3 overexpression. Ratios of NRF2 nuclear translocation and NQO-1 expression levels were further reduced in AQP3-knockdown keratinocytes following H2O2 treatment. The conditioned media from AQP3-knockdown keratinocytes treated with H2O2 contained higher concentrations of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Moreover, the number of viable melanocytes was reduced when the conditioned media were added to the culture media. Overall, AQP3 downregulation in the keratinocytes of patients with vitiligo can induce oxidative stress in neighboring melanocytes, leading to melanocyte death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan-Hyung Kim
- Department of Dermatology, Dongguk University School of Medicine, Goyang 10326, Republic of Korea
| | - Ha Jung Kim
- Department of Dermatology, Dongguk University School of Medicine, Goyang 10326, Republic of Korea
| | - Ai-Young Lee
- Department of Dermatology, Dongguk University School of Medicine, Goyang 10326, Republic of Korea
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Wang D, Yang Y, Hengerjia G, Deng Y. Exploring the mechanism of Liuwei Dihuang formula for promoting melanin synthesis in juvenile zebrafish based on network pharmacology and molecular docking. Heliyon 2023; 9:e21744. [PMID: 38027573 PMCID: PMC10651518 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e21744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Vitiligo stands as a challenging skin disorder with limited treatment options available. LiuWei DiHuang formula (LDF), a renowned Traditional Chinese medicine, has exhibited promising results in treating vitiligo over an extended period. However, the precise underlying mechanism of its action remains elusive. Methods Employing a comprehensive network pharmacology approach, this study identified active compounds and their corresponding targets within LDF, while also pinpointing vitiligo-associated targets sourced from the TCMSP database, OMIM, DisGenNET, and Genecards. A network was established to illustrate the connections between active compounds and targets, alongside a protein-protein interaction network. Further analyses, encompassing Gene Ontology (GO) function and KEGG pathway enrichment, were conducted using the DAVID platform. Molecular docking simulations were performed utilizing AutoDockTools and AutoDockVina software. To validate the outcomes of the systematic pharmacological investigation, experiments were conducted using juvenile zebrafish. Results The collective effort of the network pharmacology approach yielded a compilation of 41 compounds and 192 targets. Molecular docking simulations notably revealed the lowest binding energies for CAT-quercetin and CAT-Kaempferol interactions. The utilization of juvenile zebrafish experiments highlighted a significant increase in melanocyte count following methoxsalen and LDF treatment. Notably, LDF prominently augmented the expression levels of proteins related to melanogenesis. Additionally, LDF showcased the capacity to enhance CAT and SOD levels while concurrently reducing ROS and MDA activity. In contrast to the model group, substantial increases in protein and mRNA levels of Nrf2 and HO-1 were observed in response to LDF treatment (P < 0.05). Conclusion Through a meticulous network pharmacology approach, this study successfully predicted active components and potential targets associated with LDF's application in vitiligo treatment. The therapeutic effectiveness of LDF against vitiligo is postulated to stem from its regulation of oxidative stress factors and the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Wang
- Clinical Pharmacy Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Yan Yang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Gulijiayina Hengerjia
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Yan Deng
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medicial University, Guangzho, 510515, China
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Čižmárová B, Hubková B, Tomečková V, Birková A. Flavonoids as Promising Natural Compounds in the Prevention and Treatment of Selected Skin Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076324. [PMID: 37047297 PMCID: PMC10094312 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Phytochemicals represent a large and diverse group of naturally occurring compounds, bioactive nutrients, or phytonutrients produced by plants, widely found in fruits, vegetables, whole grains products, legumes, beans, herbs, seeds, nuts, tea, and dark chocolate. They are classified according to their chemical structures and functional properties. Flavonoids belong to the phenolic class of phytochemicals with potential solid pharmacological effects as modulators of multiple signal transduction pathways. Their beneficial effect on the human body is associated with their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimutagenic, and anticarcinogenic properties. Flavonoids are also widely used in various nutritional, pharmaceutical, medical, and cosmetic applications. In our review, we discuss the positive effect of flavonoids on chronic skin diseases such as vitiligo, psoriasis, acne, and atopic dermatitis.
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Plants as Modulators of Melanogenesis: Role of Extracts, Pure Compounds and Patented Compositions in Therapy of Pigmentation Disorders. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232314787. [PMID: 36499134 PMCID: PMC9736547 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232314787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The kingdom of plants as a "green biofabric" of valuable bioactive molecules has long been used in many ailments. Currently, extracts and pure compounds of plant origin are used to aid in pigmentation skin problems by influencing the process of melanogenesis. Melanin is a very important pigment that protects human skin against ultraviolet radiation and oxidative stress. It is produced by a complex process called melanogenesis. However, disturbances in the melanogenesis mechanism may increase or decrease the level of melanin and generate essential skin problems, such as hyperpigmentation and hypopigmentation. Accordingly, inhibitors or activators of pigment formation are desirable for medical and cosmetic industry. Such properties may be exhibited by molecules of plant origin. Therefore, that literature review presents reports on plant extracts, pure compounds and compositions that may modulate melanin production in living organisms. The potential of plants in the therapy of pigmentation disorders has been highlighted.
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Othman A, Amen Y, Nagata M, Shimizu K. Undescribed glucosylceramide, flavonol triglycoside, and oleanane saponin from the halophyte Agathophora alopecuroides: Promising candidates for stimulating ceramide synthesis. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2022; 202:113320. [PMID: 35843358 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2022.113320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The phytochemical study of Agathophora alopecuroides (Chenopodiaceae) led to the isolation of previously undescribed glucosylceramide, flavonol triglycoside, and triterpene oleanane saponin, together with eight known compounds. Their structures were elucidated using NMR analysis and HR-MS as (2'R, 12E) N-[(2S, 3S, 4R)-1-(β-D-glucopyranosyloxy)-3,4-dihydroxy-octadec-2-yl]-2-hydroxytetracos-12-enamide, namely Agathophamide A; isorhamnetin-3-O-[β-D-xylopyranosyl-(1→3)-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→6)]-β-D-galactopyranoside, namely Agathophoroside A; and 3-O-[4'-(β-D-xylopyranosyl)-β-D-glucuronopyranosyl]-28-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-olean-12-en-3β-ol-28-oic acid, namely Solysaponin A. We evaluated the effect of extract and isolates on ceramide levels via the up-regulated expression of the enzyme for ceramide synthesis in HaCaT keratinocytes. Interestingly, the study results revealed that the methanol extract of A. alopecuroides, together with some isolated compounds significantly up-regulated the mRNA expression of ceramide synthase-3 by 1.2- to 4.3-fold compared with the control in HaCaT cells. These findings indicate that the halophyte A. alopecuroides is a promising source of candidate compounds that can contribute to ceramide synthesis via the up-regulated expression levels of ceramide synthase-3 in the ceramide synthesis pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Othman
- Department of Agro-Environmental Sciences, Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan; Department of Pharmacognosy and Medicinal Plants, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, 11884, Egypt
| | - Yhiya Amen
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt
| | - Maki Nagata
- Department of Agro-Environmental Sciences, Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Kuniyoshi Shimizu
- Department of Agro-Environmental Sciences, Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan.
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