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Yang N, Guo J, Zhang J, Gao S, Xiang Q, Wen J, Huang Y, Rao C, Chen Y. A toxicological review of alkaloids. Drug Chem Toxicol 2024; 47:1267-1281. [PMID: 38465444 DOI: 10.1080/01480545.2024.2326051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 02/25/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Alkaloids are naturally occurring compounds with complex structures found in natural plants. To further improve the understanding of plant alkaloids, this review focuses on the classification, toxicity and mechanisms of action, providing insight into the occurrence of alkaloid-poisoning events and guiding the safe use of alkaloids in food, supplements and clinical applications. Based on their chemical structure, alkaloids can be divided into organic amines, diterpenoids, pyridines, isoquinolines, indoles, pyrrolidines, steroids, imidazoles and purines. The mechanisms of toxicity of alkaloids, including neurotoxicity, hepatoxicity, nephrotoxicity, cardiotoxicity and cytotoxicity, have also been reviewed. Some cases of alkaloid poisoning have been introduced when used as food or clinically, including accidental food poisoning, excessive consumption, and poisoning caused by the improper use of alkaloids in a clinical setting, and the importance of safety evaluation was illustrated. This review summarizes the toxicity and mechanism of action of alkaloids and provides evidence for the need for the safe use of alkaloids in food, supplements and clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nannan Yang
- School of Public Health, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jiafu Guo
- School of Public Health, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- School of Public Health, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Song Gao
- School of Public Health, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Qiwen Xiang
- School of Public Health, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jiayu Wen
- School of Public Health, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yan Huang
- School of Public Health, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Chaolong Rao
- School of Public Health, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- R&D Center for Efficiency, Safety and Application in Chinese Materia Medica with Medical and Edible Values, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yan Chen
- School of Public Health, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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2
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Nagy A, Börzsei D, Hoffmann A, Török S, Veszelka M, Almási N, Varga C, Szabó R. A Comprehensive Overview on Chemotherapy-Induced Cardiotoxicity: Insights into the Underlying Inflammatory and Oxidative Mechanisms. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther 2024:10.1007/s10557-024-07574-0. [PMID: 38492161 DOI: 10.1007/s10557-024-07574-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Abstract
While oncotherapy has made rapid progress in recent years, side effects of anti-cancer drugs and treatments have also come to the fore. These side effects include cardiotoxicity, which can cause irreversible cardiac damages with long-term morbidity and mortality. Despite the continuous in-depth research on anti-cancer drugs, an improved knowledge of the underlying mechanisms of cardiotoxicity are necessary for early detection and management of cardiac risk. Although most reviews focus on the cardiotoxic effect of a specific individual chemotherapeutic agent, the aim of our review is to provide comprehensive insight into various agents that induced cardiotoxicity and their underlying mechanisms. Characterization of these mechanisms are underpinned by research on animal models and clinical studies. In order to gain insight into these complex mechanisms, we emphasize the role of inflammatory processes and oxidative stress on chemotherapy-induced cardiac changes. A better understanding and identification of the interplay between chemotherapy and inflammatory/oxidative processes hold some promise to prevent or at least mitigate cardiotoxicity-associated morbidity and mortality among cancer survivors.
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Affiliation(s)
- András Nagy
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy, and Neuroscience, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Közép Fasor 52, 6726, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Denise Börzsei
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy, and Neuroscience, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Közép Fasor 52, 6726, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Alexandra Hoffmann
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy, and Neuroscience, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Közép Fasor 52, 6726, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Szilvia Török
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy, and Neuroscience, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Közép Fasor 52, 6726, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Médea Veszelka
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy, and Neuroscience, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Közép Fasor 52, 6726, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Nikoletta Almási
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy, and Neuroscience, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Közép Fasor 52, 6726, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Csaba Varga
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy, and Neuroscience, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Közép Fasor 52, 6726, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Renáta Szabó
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy, and Neuroscience, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Közép Fasor 52, 6726, Szeged, Hungary.
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3
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McCrury M, Swafford K, Shuttleworth SL, Mehdi SH, Acharya B, Saha D, Naceanceno K, Byrum SD, Storey AJ, Xu YZ, Doshier C, Patel V, Post GR, De Loose A, Rodriguez A, Shultz LD, Zhan F, Yoon D, Frett B, Kendrick S. Bifunctional Inhibitor Reveals NEK2 as a Therapeutic Target and Regulator of Oncogenic Pathways in Lymphoma. Mol Cancer Ther 2024; 23:316-329. [PMID: 37816504 PMCID: PMC10932871 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-23-0299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023]
Abstract
Expression of the serine/threonine kinase never in mitosis gene A (NIMA)-related kinase 2 (NEK2) is essential for entry into mitosis via its role in facilitating centrosome separation. Its overactivity can lead to tumorigenesis and drug resistance through the activation of several oncogenic pathways, including AKT. Although the cancer-enabling activities of NEK2 are documented in many malignancies, including correlations with poor survival in myeloma, breast, and non-small cell lung cancer, little is known about the role of NEK2 in lymphoma. Here, in tumors from patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), the most common, aggressive non-Hodgkin lymphoma, we found a high abundance of NEK2 mRNA and protein associated with an inferior overall survival. Using our recently developed NEK2 inhibitor, NBI-961, we discovered that DLBCL cell lines and patient-derived cells exhibit a dependency on NEK2 for their viability. This compromised cell fitness was directly attributable to efficient NEK2 inhibition and proteasomal degradation by NBI-961. In a subset of particularly sensitive DLBCL cells, NBI-961 induced G2/mitosis arrest and apoptosis. In contrast, an existing indirect NEK2 inhibitor, INH154, did not prevent NEK2 autophosphorylation, induce NEK2 proteasomal degradation, or affect cell viability. Global proteomics and phospho-proteomics revealed that NEK2 orchestrates cell-cycle and apoptotic pathways through regulation of both known and new signaling molecules. We show the loss of NEK2-sensitized DLBCL to the chemotherapy agents, doxorubicin and vincristine, and effectively suppressed tumor growth in mice. These studies establish the oncogenic activity of NEK2 in DLBCL and set the foundation for development of anti-NEK2 therapeutic strategies in this frequently refractory and relapse-prone cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mason McCrury
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Kennith Swafford
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Sydnye L. Shuttleworth
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Syed Hassan Mehdi
- Myeloma Center, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Baku Acharya
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Debasmita Saha
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Kevin Naceanceno
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Stephanie D. Byrum
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
- Arkansas Children’s Research Institute, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Aaron J. Storey
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Ying-Zhi Xu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Claire Doshier
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Vijay Patel
- Department of Pathology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Ginell R. Post
- Department of Pathology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Annick De Loose
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Analiz Rodriguez
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | | | - Fenghuang Zhan
- Myeloma Center, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Donghoon Yoon
- Myeloma Center, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Brendan Frett
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Samantha Kendrick
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
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Sameer S, N P, Kuppusamy S, Adole PS, Kayal S. Cardiac Autonomic and Endothelial Function in Acute Lymphoblastic Leukaemia Patients Immediately After Chemotherapy and at the Three-Month Follow-up. Cureus 2024; 16:e55108. [PMID: 38558679 PMCID: PMC10979077 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.55108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is a malignant uncontrolled overproduction of immature lymphoid cells in blood and bone marrow. The primary treatment of ALL is chemotherapy. Chemotherapy can have myriad systemic side effects, notably cardiovascular derangement. Autonomic derangement occurrence in cancer patients signifies cardiovascular risk in them and is a determinant of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Elevated soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (sVCAM-1) and soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1) levels implicated in the regulation of inflammation indicate endothelial dysfunction. High levels of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) can be indicative of low-grade inflammation. Hence, in this study the cardiac autonomic function and endothelial and inflammatory biomarker levels in adult patients with ALL were assessed immediately and three months after chemotherapy. METHODS In this longitudinal study, 30 ALL patients (23 males, seven females) aged between 18 to 50 years, who had completed chemotherapy regimens, and 30 age and gender-matched healthy participants (controls) were recruited. Cardiac autonomic function tests (short-term heart rate variability (HRV), 30:15 ratio, synaptic excitation and inhibition (E/I) ratio, diastolic blood pressure (DBP) response to isometric hand grip), endothelial markers (sVCAM-1 and sICAM-1), and inflammatory marker (hsCRP) were assessed immediately and at three months after chemotherapy. RESULTS Magnitudes of time domain and frequency domain indices, conventional autonomic function test indices, and biomarkers were deranged in ALL patients immediately after chemotherapy. After three months, cardiac autonomic function parameters were found to improve in the form of increased root mean square of successive differences between normal heartbeats (RMSSD), standard deviation of the interbeat intervals of normal sinus beats (SDNN), total power, high-frequency (HF)nu, and decreased low-frequency(LF)nu & LF-HF ratio. Endothelial (sVCAM-1) and inflammatory markers (hsCRP) were lower in the patient group as compared to the controls immediately after chemotherapy. Three months after chemotherapy, the levels of endothelial and inflammatory markers did not show much change. CONCLUSION In this study, we found ALL patients showed higher sympathetic drive, decreased parasympathetic modulation, and sympathovagal imbalance immediately after chemotherapy as compared to the controls, indicating cardiovascular risk. After three months, improvement in cardiovascular autonomic function was observed. ALL itself is a state of inflammation with elevated endothelial and inflammatory markers; thus, the decreased endothelial and inflammatory markers could be attributed to the immediate effect of chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sameer Sameer
- Physiology, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Puducherry, IND
| | - Prabhu N
- Physiology, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Puducherry, IND
| | - Saranya Kuppusamy
- Physiology, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Puducherry, IND
| | - Prashant S Adole
- Biochemistry, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Puducherry, IND
| | - Smita Kayal
- Medical Oncology, Regional Cancer Center, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Puducherry, IND
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5
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Luo X. Nanobiotechnology-based strategies in alleviation of chemotherapy-mediated cardiotoxicity. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 238:116989. [PMID: 37633635 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.116989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/28/2023]
Abstract
The cardiovascular diseases have been among the most common malignancies and the first leading cause of death, even higher than cancer. The cardiovascular diseases can be developed as a result of cardiac dysfunction and damages to heart tissue. Exposure to toxic agents and chemicals that induce cardiac dysfunction has been of interest in recent years. The chemotherapy drugs are commonly used for cancer therapy and in these patients, cardiovascular diseases have been widely observed that is due to negative impact of chemotherapy drugs on the heart. These drugs increase oxidative damage and inflammation, and mediate apoptosis and cardiac dysfunction. Hence, nanotechnological approaches have been emerged as new strategies in attenuation of chemotherapy-mediated cardiotoxicity. The first advantage of nanoparticles can be explored in targeted and selective delivery of drugs to reduce their accumulation in heart tissue. Nanostructures can deliver bioactive and therapeutic compounds in reducing cardiotoxicity and alleviation toxic impacts of chemotherapy drugs. The functionalization of nanostructures increases their selectivity against tumor cells and reduces accumulation of drugs in heart tissue. The bioplatforms such as chitosan and alginate nanostructures can also deliver chemotherapy drugs and reduce their cardiotoxicity. The function of nanostructures is versatile in reduction of cardiotoxicity by chemotherapy drugs and new kind of platforms is hydrogels that can mediate sustained release of drug to reduce its toxic impacts on heart tissue. The various kinds of nanoplatforms have been developed for alleviation of cardiotoxicity and their future clinical application depends on their biocompatibility. High concentration level of chitosan nanoparticles can stimulate cardiotoxicity. Therefore, if nanotechnology is going to be deployed for drug delivery and reducing cardiotoxicity, the first pre-requirement is to lack toxicity on normal cells and have high biocompatibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuanming Luo
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, China; Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Xuhui Central Hospital, Fudan University, China; Biliary Tract Disease Center of Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, China; Cancer Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, China; Biliary Tract Disease Institute, Fudan University, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Biliary Tract Minimal Invasive Surgery and Materials, China.
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6
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Leciejewska N, Pruszyńska-Oszmałek E, Nogowski L, Sassek M, Strowski MZ, Kołodziejski PA. Sex-specific cytotoxicity of ostarine in cardiomyocytes. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2023; 577:112037. [PMID: 37543162 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2023.112037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/07/2023]
Abstract
Ostarine is the most popular compound in the selective androgen receptor modulator group (SARMs). Ostarine is used as a physical performance-enhancing agent. The abuse of this agent in higher doses may lead to severe side effects. Here, we evaluate the effects of ostarine on the heart. We utilized a cardiomyocyte H9C2 cell line, isolated primary female and male cardiac fibroblast cells, as well as hearts obtained from rats. Ostarine increased the accumulation of two fibrosis protein markers, αSMA and fibronectin (p < 00.1) in male, but not in female fibroblast cells. Ostarine increased the expression of the cardiomyopathy marker βMhc in the H9C2 cell line (p < 0.05) and in the heart in rats (p < 0.01). The unfavorable changes were observed at high ostarine doses. Moreover, a decrease in viability and an increase in cytotoxicity marker LDH were observed already at lowest dose (1 nmoL/l). Taken together, our results suggest that ostarine is cardiotoxic which may be more relevant in males than in females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Leciejewska
- Department of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Biostructure, Poznan University of Life Sciences, 60-637, Poznan, Poland
| | - Ewa Pruszyńska-Oszmałek
- Department of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Biostructure, Poznan University of Life Sciences, 60-637, Poznan, Poland.
| | - Leszek Nogowski
- Department of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Biostructure, Poznan University of Life Sciences, 60-637, Poznan, Poland
| | - Maciej Sassek
- Department of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Biostructure, Poznan University of Life Sciences, 60-637, Poznan, Poland
| | - Mathias Z Strowski
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Charité-University Medicine Berlin, 13353, Berlin, Germany; Medical Clinic III, 15236, Frankfurt (Oder), Germany
| | - Paweł A Kołodziejski
- Department of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Biostructure, Poznan University of Life Sciences, 60-637, Poznan, Poland.
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7
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Rocca C, Soda T, De Francesco EM, Fiorillo M, Moccia F, Viglietto G, Angelone T, Amodio N. Mitochondrial dysfunction at the crossroad of cardiovascular diseases and cancer. J Transl Med 2023; 21:635. [PMID: 37726810 PMCID: PMC10507834 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04498-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023] Open
Abstract
A large body of evidence indicates the existence of a complex pathophysiological relationship between cardiovascular diseases and cancer. Mitochondria are crucial organelles whose optimal activity is determined by quality control systems, which regulate critical cellular events, ranging from intermediary metabolism and calcium signaling to mitochondrial dynamics, cell death and mitophagy. Emerging data indicate that impaired mitochondrial quality control drives myocardial dysfunction occurring in several heart diseases, including cardiac hypertrophy, myocardial infarction, ischaemia/reperfusion damage and metabolic cardiomyopathies. On the other hand, diverse human cancers also dysregulate mitochondrial quality control to promote their initiation and progression, suggesting that modulating mitochondrial homeostasis may represent a promising therapeutic strategy both in cardiology and oncology. In this review, first we briefly introduce the physiological mechanisms underlying the mitochondrial quality control system, and then summarize the current understanding about the impact of dysregulated mitochondrial functions in cardiovascular diseases and cancer. We also discuss key mitochondrial mechanisms underlying the increased risk of cardiovascular complications secondary to the main current anticancer strategies, highlighting the potential of strategies aimed at alleviating mitochondrial impairment-related cardiac dysfunction and tumorigenesis. It is hoped that this summary can provide novel insights into precision medicine approaches to reduce cardiovascular and cancer morbidities and mortalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmine Rocca
- Cellular and Molecular Cardiovascular Pathophysiology Laboratory, Department of Biology, E and E.S. (DiBEST), University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, 87036, Cosenza, Italy
| | - Teresa Soda
- Department of Health Science, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Ernestina Marianna De Francesco
- Endocrinology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Garibaldi-Nesima Hospital, 95122, Catania, Italy
| | - Marco Fiorillo
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036, Rende, Italy
| | - Francesco Moccia
- Laboratory of General Physiology, Department of Biology and Biotechnology "L. Spallanzani", University of Pavia, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Viglietto
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Tommaso Angelone
- Cellular and Molecular Cardiovascular Pathophysiology Laboratory, Department of Biology, E and E.S. (DiBEST), University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, 87036, Cosenza, Italy.
- National Institute of Cardiovascular Research (I.N.R.C.), 40126, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Nicola Amodio
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy.
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De Vita D, Frezza C, Sciubba F, Toniolo C, Badiali C, Petrucci R, Bortolami M, Di Matteo P, Rocco D, Stringaro A, Colone M, Maxia A, Petrucci MT, Serafini M, Foddai S. Phytochemical Analysis and In Vitro Antileukemic Activity of Alkaloid-Enriched Extracts from Vinca sardoa (Stearn) Pignatti. Molecules 2023; 28:5639. [PMID: 37570609 PMCID: PMC10419533 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28155639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Vinca sardoa (Stearn) Pignatti, known as Sardinian periwinkle, is widely diffused in Sardinia (Italy). This species contains indole alkaloids, which are known to have a great variety of biological activities. This study investigated the antileukemic activity against a B lymphoblast cell line (SUP-B15) of V. sardoa alkaloid-rich extracts obtained from plants grown in Italy, in Iglesias (Sardinia) and Rome (Latium). All the extracts showed a good capacity to induce reductions in cell proliferation of up to 50% at the tested concentrations (1-15 µg/mL). Moreover, none of the extracts showed cytotoxicity on normal cells at all the studied concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela De Vita
- Department of Environmental Biology, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (C.F.); (F.S.); (C.T.); (C.B.); (M.S.); (S.F.)
| | - Claudio Frezza
- Department of Environmental Biology, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (C.F.); (F.S.); (C.T.); (C.B.); (M.S.); (S.F.)
| | - Fabio Sciubba
- Department of Environmental Biology, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (C.F.); (F.S.); (C.T.); (C.B.); (M.S.); (S.F.)
- NMR-Based Metabolomics Laboratory, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Chiara Toniolo
- Department of Environmental Biology, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (C.F.); (F.S.); (C.T.); (C.B.); (M.S.); (S.F.)
| | - Camilla Badiali
- Department of Environmental Biology, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (C.F.); (F.S.); (C.T.); (C.B.); (M.S.); (S.F.)
| | - Rita Petrucci
- Department of Basic and Applied Sciences for Engineering, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Via Castro Laurenziano 7, 00161 Rome, Italy; (R.P.); (M.B.); (P.D.M.); (D.R.)
| | - Martina Bortolami
- Department of Basic and Applied Sciences for Engineering, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Via Castro Laurenziano 7, 00161 Rome, Italy; (R.P.); (M.B.); (P.D.M.); (D.R.)
| | - Paola Di Matteo
- Department of Basic and Applied Sciences for Engineering, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Via Castro Laurenziano 7, 00161 Rome, Italy; (R.P.); (M.B.); (P.D.M.); (D.R.)
| | - Daniele Rocco
- Department of Basic and Applied Sciences for Engineering, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Via Castro Laurenziano 7, 00161 Rome, Italy; (R.P.); (M.B.); (P.D.M.); (D.R.)
| | - Annarita Stringaro
- National Center for Drug Research and Evaluation, Italian National Institute of Health, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy; (A.S.); (M.C.)
| | - Marisa Colone
- National Center for Drug Research and Evaluation, Italian National Institute of Health, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy; (A.S.); (M.C.)
| | - Andrea Maxia
- Laboratory of Economic and Pharmaceutical Botany, Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Viale S. Ignazio da Laconi 13, 09123 Cagliari, Italy;
| | - Maria Teresa Petrucci
- Department of Cellular Biotechnologies and Hematology, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Via Benevento 6, 00161 Rome, Italy;
| | - Mauro Serafini
- Department of Environmental Biology, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (C.F.); (F.S.); (C.T.); (C.B.); (M.S.); (S.F.)
| | - Sebastiano Foddai
- Department of Environmental Biology, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (C.F.); (F.S.); (C.T.); (C.B.); (M.S.); (S.F.)
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9
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Wang X, Li X, Wu Y, Hong J, Chai D, Zhang M. Risk of cardiac-related death in astrocytoma patients treated with chemotherapy: A competing risk analysis using the SEER database. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:996354. [PMID: 37180801 PMCID: PMC10167282 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.996354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose To explore the impact of chemotherapy on the risk of cardiac-related death in astrocytoma patients. Methods We retrospectively evaluated astrocytoma patients diagnosed between 1,975 and 2016 in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database. Using Cox proportional hazards models, we compared the risks of cardiac-related death between a chemotherapy group and non-chemotherapy group. Competing-risks regression analyses were used to evaluate the difference in cardiac-related death. Also, propensity score matching (PSM) was employed to reduce confounding bias. The robustness of these findings was evaluated by sensitivity analysis, and E values were calculated. Results A total of 14,834 patients diagnosed with astrocytoma were included. Chemotherapy (HR = 0.625, 95%CI: 0.444-0.881) was associated with cardiac-related death in univariate Cox regression analysis. Chemotherapy was an independent prognostic factor for a lower risk of cardiac-related death before (HR = 0.579, 95%CI: 0.409-0.82, P = 0.002) and after PSM (HR = 0.550, 95%CI: 0.367-0.823 P = 0.004). Sensitivity analysis determined that the E-value of chemotherapy was 2.848 and 3.038 before and after PSM. Conclusions Chemotherapy did not increase the risk of cardiac-related death in astrocytoma patients. This study highlights that cardio-oncology teams should provide comprehensive care and long-term monitoring for cancer patients, especially those with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuezhen Wang
- Department of Radiotherapy, Cancer Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- National Regional Medical Center, Binhai Campus of the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xiaoxia Li
- Department of Radiotherapy, Cancer Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- National Regional Medical Center, Binhai Campus of the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yufan Wu
- Department of Radiotherapy, Cancer Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- National Regional Medical Center, Binhai Campus of the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jinsheng Hong
- Department of Radiotherapy, Cancer Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- National Regional Medical Center, Binhai Campus of the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Radiation Biology of Fujian Higher Education Institutions, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Dajun Chai
- National Regional Medical Center, Binhai Campus of the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Cardiovascular Department, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Mingwei Zhang
- Department of Radiotherapy, Cancer Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- National Regional Medical Center, Binhai Campus of the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Radiation Biology of Fujian Higher Education Institutions, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
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10
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Soltani N, Firouzabadi FN, Shafeinia A, Shirali M, Sadr AS. De Novo transcriptome assembly and differential expression analysis of catharanthus roseus in response to salicylic acid. Sci Rep 2022; 12:17803. [PMID: 36280677 PMCID: PMC9592577 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-20314-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The anti-cancer vinblastine and vincristine alkaloids can only be naturally found in periwinkle (Catharanthus roseus). Both of these alkaloids' accumulations are known to be influenced by salicylic acid (SA). The transcriptome data to reveal the induction effect (s) of SA, however, seem restricted at this time. In this study, the de novo approach of transcriptome assembly was performed on the RNA-Sequencing (RNA-Seq) data in C. roseus. The outcome demonstrated that SA treatment boosted the expression of all the genes in the Terpenoid Indole Alkaloids (TIAs) pathway that produces the vinblastine and vincristine alkaloids. These outcomes supported the time-course measurements of vincristine alkaloid, the end product of the TIAs pathway, and demonstrated that SA spray had a positive impact on transcription and alkaloid synthesis. Additionally, the abundance of transcription factor families including bHLH, C3H, C2H2, MYB, MYB-related, AP2/ ERF, NAC, bZIP, and WRKY suggests a role for a variety of transcription families in response to the SA stimuli. Di-nucleotide and tri-nucleotide SSRs were the most prevalent SSR markers in microsatellite analyses, making up 39% and 34% of all SSR markers, respectively, out of the 77,192 total SSRs discovered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narges Soltani
- Production Engineering and Plant Genetics Department, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Lorestan University, P.O. Box 465, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Farhad Nazarian Firouzabadi
- Production Engineering and Plant Genetics Department, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Lorestan University, P.O. Box 465, Khorramabad, Iran.
| | - Alireza Shafeinia
- Department of Plant Production & Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, Agricultural Sciences & Natural Resources, University of Khuzestan, Mollasani, Iran
| | - Masoud Shirali
- Agri-Food and Biosciences Institute, Hillsborough, BT26 6DR, UK
- School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, BT9 5AJ, UK
| | - Ayeh Sadat Sadr
- South of Iran Aquaculture Research Institute (SIARI), Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Ahvaz, Iran.
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11
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Lucà F, Parrini I, Abrignani MG, Rao CM, Piccioni L, Di Fusco SA, Ceravolo R, Bisceglia I, Riccio C, Gelsomino S, Colivicchi F, Gulizia MM. Management of Acute Coronary Syndrome in Cancer Patients: It's High Time We Dealt with It. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11071792. [PMID: 35407399 PMCID: PMC8999526 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11071792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2022] [Revised: 03/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer patients have an increased risk of cardiovascular disease and, notably, a significant prevalence of acute coronary syndrome (ACS). It has been shown that an elevated presence of cardiovascular risk factors in this setting leads to an interaction between these two conditions, influencing their therapeutic strategies and contributing to higher mortality. Nonetheless, cancer patients have generally not been evaluated in ACS trials, so that the treatment in these cases is still not fully known. We reviewed the current literature and discussed the best management for these very high-risk patients. The treatment strategy must be tailored based on the cancer type and stage, balancing thrombotic and bleeding risks. When the prognosis is longer than six months, especially if a clinical instability coexists, patients with ACS and cancer should be referred for percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) as soon as possible. Moreover, an invasive strategy should be preferred in STEMI patients as well as in NSTEMI patients who are considered as high risk. On the contrary, in clinically stable NSTEMI patients, a conservative non-invasive strategy could be adopted, especially in cases of a poor life expectancy and/or of high risk of bleeding. Drug-Eluting-Stents (DES) should be the first choice if an invasive strategy is adopted. Conservative therapy could instead be considered in cancer patients with more stable CAD at an increased risk of major bleeding complications. However, the duration of dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) with aspirin and clopidogrel is recommended, but it should be as short as possible, whereas triple antithrombotic therapy is non-advised because it significantly increases the risk of bleeding. ACS management among cancer patients should be based on an accurate evaluation of the risk of thrombosis and bleeding. Future studies focused on choosing optimal strategies in tumor patients with ACS should be performed to treat this subset of patients better.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiana Lucà
- Cardiology Department, Grande Ospedale Metropolitano, AO Bianchi Melacrino Morelli, 89129 Reggio Calabria, Italy;
- Correspondence:
| | - Iris Parrini
- Cardiology Department, Ospedale Mauriziano Umberto I, 10128 Torino, Italy;
| | | | - Carmelo Massimiliano Rao
- Cardiology Department, Grande Ospedale Metropolitano, AO Bianchi Melacrino Morelli, 89129 Reggio Calabria, Italy;
| | - Laura Piccioni
- Cardiology Department, Ospedale “G. Mazzini”, 64100 Teramo, Italy;
| | - Stefania Angela Di Fusco
- Clinical and Rehabilitation Cardiology Department, Presidio Ospedaliero San Filippo Neri, ASL Roma 1, 10128 Roma, Italy; (S.A.D.F.); (F.C.)
| | - Roberto Ceravolo
- Cardiology Department, Ospedale Lamezia Terme, 88046 Catanzaro, Italy;
| | - Irma Bisceglia
- Integrated Cardiology Services, Cardio-Thoracic-Vascular Department, Azienda Ospedaliera San Camillo Forlanini, 00152 Roma, Italy;
| | - Carmine Riccio
- Cardiovascular Department, A.O.R.N. Sant’Anna e San Sebastiano, 81100 Caserta, Italy;
| | - Sandro Gelsomino
- Cardiothoracic Department, Maastricht University, 6221 Maastricht, The Netherlands;
| | - Furio Colivicchi
- Clinical and Rehabilitation Cardiology Department, Presidio Ospedaliero San Filippo Neri, ASL Roma 1, 10128 Roma, Italy; (S.A.D.F.); (F.C.)
| | - Michele Massimo Gulizia
- Cardiology Department, Azienda di Rilievo Nazionale e Alta Specializzazione “Garibaldi”, 95126 Catania, Italy;
- Fondazione per il Tuo Cuore-Heart Care Foundation, 50121 Firenze, Italy
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12
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Viswanathan T, Lang CC, Petty RD, Baxter MA. Cardiotoxicity and Chemotherapy-The Role of Precision Medicine. Diseases 2021; 9:90. [PMID: 34940028 PMCID: PMC8699963 DOI: 10.3390/diseases9040090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer and cardiovascular disease are the leading causes of death in the United Kingdom. Many systemic anticancer treatments are associated with short- and long-term cardiotoxicity. With improving cancer survival and an ageing population, identifying those patients at the greatest risk of cardiotoxicity from their cancer treatment is becoming a research priority and has led to a new subspecialty: cardio-oncology. In this concise review article, we discuss cardiotoxicity and systemic anticancer therapy, with a focus on chemotherapy. We also discuss the challenge of identifying those at risk and the role of precision medicine as we strive for a personalised approach to this clinical scenario.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thyla Viswanathan
- Dundee School of Medicine, Ninewells Hospital, University of Dundee, Dundee DD2 1SY, UK;
| | - Chim C. Lang
- Division of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee DD2 1SY, UK; (C.C.L.); (R.D.P.)
- UKM Medical Molecular Biology Institute (UMBI), Jalan Yaacob Latif, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
| | - Russell D. Petty
- Division of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee DD2 1SY, UK; (C.C.L.); (R.D.P.)
- Tayside Cancer Centre, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, NHS Tayside, Dundee DD2 1SY, UK
| | - Mark A. Baxter
- Division of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee DD2 1SY, UK; (C.C.L.); (R.D.P.)
- Tayside Cancer Centre, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, NHS Tayside, Dundee DD2 1SY, UK
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