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Sharma AD, Chhabra R, Rani J, Chauhan A, Kaur I, Kapoor G. Oil/water (O/W) nanoemulsions developed from essential oil extracted from wildly growing Calotropis gigantea (Linn.) Aiton F.: synthesis, characterization, stability and evaluation of anti-cancerous, anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-diabetic activities. JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE. POLYMER EDITION 2024:1-22. [PMID: 39137303 DOI: 10.1080/09205063.2024.2384801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024]
Abstract
Calotropis gigantea essential oil is utilized in outmoded medicine, therapeutics, and the cosmetic industries. However, the extreme volatility, oxidation susceptibility, and instability of this oil restricts its application. Thus, encapsulation is a more effective method of shielding this oil from unfavorable circumstances. The creation of oil/water (O/W) nanoemulsions based on Calotropis gigantea essential oil (CEO), known as CNE (Calotropis gigantea essential oil nanoemulsions), and an assessment of its biological potential were the goals of this work. UV, fluorescence, and FT-IR methods were used for physiological characterization. Biological activities, including anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic, and anti-cancer effects. Studies on the pharmacokinetics of CNE were conducted. CNEs encapsulation efficiency was found to be 92%. The CNE nanoemulsions had a spherical shape with polydispersity index of 0.531, size of 200 nm, and a zeta potential of -35.9 mV. Even after being stored at various temperatures for 50 days, CNE nanoemulsions remained stable. Numerous tests were used to determine the antioxidant capacity of CNE, and the following IC50 values (µl/mL) were found: iron chelating assay: 18, hydroxyl radical scavenging: 37, and nitric oxide radical scavenging activity: 58. The percentage of HeLa cells that remained viable after being treated with CNE was 41% at a higher dose of 1 µl. CNE inhibited α-amylase in a dose-dependent manner, with 72% inhibition at its higher dose of 250 µL. Research on the kinetics of drugs showed that nanoemulsions showed Higuchi pattern. This research showed potential use of Calotropis gigantea oil-based nanoemulsions in the food, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arun Dev Sharma
- Department of Biotechnology, Lyallpur Khalsa College, Mohyal Nagar Jalandhar, Punjab, India
| | - Ravindresh Chhabra
- Department of Biochemistry, Central University of Punjab, VPO Ghudda, Bathinda, India
| | - Jyoti Rani
- Department of Biochemistry, Central University of Punjab, VPO Ghudda, Bathinda, India
| | - Amrita Chauhan
- Department of Biotechnology, Lyallpur Khalsa College, Mohyal Nagar Jalandhar, Punjab, India
| | - Inderjeet Kaur
- Department of Biotechnology, Lyallpur Khalsa College, Mohyal Nagar Jalandhar, Punjab, India
| | - Gaurika Kapoor
- Department of Biotechnology, Lyallpur Khalsa College, Mohyal Nagar Jalandhar, Punjab, India
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Aftab A, Ahmad B, Bashir S, Rafique S, Bashir M, Ghani T, Gul A, Shah AU, Khan R, Sajini AA. Comparative study of microscale and macroscale technique for encapsulation of Calotropis gigantea extract in metal-conjugated nanomatrices for invasive ductal carcinoma. Sci Rep 2023; 13:13474. [PMID: 37596340 PMCID: PMC10439222 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-39330-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The encapsulation of plant extract in nanomatrices has limitations due to its adhesion to walls, size control, high cost and long durations that results in low yield. Macroscale and microscale level techniques for development of micro/nanoparticles may impact the encapsulation of plant extract. This study aimed to evaluate the relative efficiency of microscale and macroscale techniques for encapsulation of plant extract, which is not compared yet. Keeping this in view, encapsulation of Calotropis gigantea leaves extract (CaG) was attained in silver-conjugated poliglusam nanomatrices (POL/Ag) to induce apoptosis in invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) cells. The ethanolic CaG extract was prepared using percolation method and characterized by chemical tests for its active phytochemical compounds. The droplet-based microfluidic system was utilized as microscale encapsulation technique for CaG in nanomatrices at two different aqueous to oil flow rate ratios 1.0:1.5, and 1.0:3.0. Moreover, conventional batch system was utilized as macroscale encapsulation technique consisted of hot plate magnetic stirrer. The prepared nanomatrices were analysed for antioxidant activity using DPPH test and for cytotoxicity analysis using MCF-7 cells. The characteristic peaks of UV-Vis, FTIR and XRD spectrum confirmed the synthesis of CaG(POL/Ag) by both the encapsulation methods. However, microfluidic system was found to be more expedient because of attaining small and uniform sized silver nanoparticles (92 ± 19 nm) at high flow rate and achieving high encapsulation efficiency (80.25%) as compared to the conventional batch method (52.5%). CaG(POL/Ag) nanomatrices found to have significant antioxidant activity (p = 0.0014) against DPPH radical scavenging activity. The CaG(POL/Ag) of the smallest sized formulated by the microfluidic system has also shown the highest cytotoxicity (90%) as compared to batch method (70%) at 80 µg/mL. Our results indicate that the microscale technique using microfluidic system is a more efficient method to formulate size-controlled CaG(POL/Ag) nanomatrices and achieve high encapsulation of plant extract. Additionally, CaG(Pol/Ag) was found to be an efficient new combination for inducing potent (p < 0.0001) apoptosis in IDC cells. Therefore, CaG(Pol/Ag) can be further tested as an anti-cancer agent for in-vivo experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayesha Aftab
- Department of Biological Sciences, International Islamic University, H10 Campus, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Bashir Ahmad
- Department of Biological Sciences, International Islamic University, H10 Campus, Islamabad, Pakistan.
| | - Shazia Bashir
- Department of Physics and Applied Mathematics, Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Islamabad, Pakistan.
| | - Saima Rafique
- Department of Physics, Air University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Bashir
- Department of Physics and Applied Mathematics, Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Tayyaba Ghani
- Department of Metallurgy and Material Engineering, PIEAS, Islamabad, 45650, Pakistan
| | - Asma Gul
- Department of Biological Sciences, International Islamic University, H10 Campus, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Atta Ullah Shah
- National Institute of Laser and Optronics (NILOP), Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan
| | - Ranjha Khan
- UCSF/Benioff Children's Hospital, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Abdulrahim A Sajini
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, 127788, United Arab Emirates
- Healthcare Engineering Innovation Center (HEIC), Department of Biomedical Engineering, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, 127788, United Arab Emirates
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Dang PH, Tran TH, Le TH, Do TNV, Nguyen HX, Nguyen MTT, Nguyen NT. A new β-carboline-type alkaloid from the flowers of Calotropis gigantea (L.) W.T.Aiton. Nat Prod Res 2023:1-9. [PMID: 37129020 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2023.2208259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
In our antioxidant screening of some Vietnamese plant extracts, the CHCl3-soluble fraction from Calotropis gigantea (L.) W.T.Aiton flowers showed moderate DPPH free radical scavenging activity with an IC50 value of 55.8 μg/mL. Thus, a further phytochemical study was carried out to obtain five alkaloids, including a new β-carboline-type alkaloid, caloside H (1). These known compounds were identified as 5-hydroxy-(2-methoxymethyl)pyridine (2), nicotinic acid (3), p-(acetylamino)phenol (4), and thymine (5). These structures were determined based on the NMR spectroscopic analysis. In antioxidant assay, caloside H at concentration of 100 μM showed DPPH radical scavenging capacity with a percentage of inhibition of 40.2%. In addition, a plausible biosynthetic pathway for the formation of caloside H was proposed based on the Schiff base formation and Mannich-like reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phu H Dang
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Science, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- Research Lab for Drug Discovery and Development, University of Science, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Tu H Tran
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Science, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- Research Lab for Drug Discovery and Development, University of Science, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Tho H Le
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Science, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- Research Lab for Drug Discovery and Development, University of Science, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Truong N V Do
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Science, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- Research Lab for Drug Discovery and Development, University of Science, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Hai X Nguyen
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Science, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- Research Lab for Drug Discovery and Development, University of Science, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Mai T T Nguyen
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Science, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- Research Lab for Drug Discovery and Development, University of Science, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Nhan T Nguyen
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Science, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- Research Lab for Drug Discovery and Development, University of Science, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
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Sivapalan S, Dharmalingam S, Venkatesan V, Angappan M, Ashokkumar V. Phytochemical analysis, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant activity of Calotropis gigantea and its therapeutic applications. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 303:115963. [PMID: 36442758 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Herbal remedies can be used to treat a variety of chronic inflammatory illnesses, like rheumatoid arthritis and leprosy. The plant Calotropis gigantea (C. gigantea) belongs to the family Apocynaceae. To treat numerous contagious diseases, C. gigantea is utilized alone or combine with certain medicinal herbs. Traditional Asian and African practitioners employed C. gigantea to treat a variety of inflammatory conditions like boils, rheumatoid arthritis, gout, leprosy and other disorders. AIM OF THE STUDY The goal of this study is to examine the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities of C. gigantea leaf extracts extracted using methanol, petroleum ether, and water. MATERIALS AND METHODS The leaf extracts of C. gigantea were obtained using the Soxhlet extraction technique. The phytoconstituents present in all three C. gigantea leaf extracts were confirmed by qualitative analysis, and the amounts of the alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenoids and phenols found in the extracts were quantified. C. gigantea crude extracts were subjected to a nitric oxide scavenging experiment to assess their free radical scavenging activities. Protein denaturation and proteinase inhibition assays were used to investigate the effectiveness of extracts to restrict denaturation of protein and to inhibit key enzymes responsible for tissue damage. Further, the membrane stabilization efficacy of plant extracts were examined by the heat-induced hemolysis method. The DPPH and FRAP experiments were performed to determine the antioxidant effectiveness of phytoconstituents extracted using different solvents. The GC-MS study of plant C. gigantea methanolic, aqueous and petroleum ether extracts displayed a broad range of compounds that possess beneficial therapeutic effects. RESULTS This study reveals that the methanolic extract of C. gigantea provides significantly more anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activity than other extracts. CONCLUSION Compared to the aqueous and petroleum ether extracts, the methanolic leaf extract of C. gigantea demonstrated greater in vitro anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sreewardhini Sivapalan
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Science and Humanities, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, 603 203, Chengalpattu, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sankari Dharmalingam
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Science and Humanities, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, 603 203, Chengalpattu, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Vijayalakshmi Venkatesan
- Cell and Molecular Biology, ICRM- National Institute of Nutrition, Department of Health Research, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Gov of India, India
| | - Mangalagowri Angappan
- Centralized Instrumentation Laboratory, Madras Veterinary College, Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Science University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Veeramuthu Ashokkumar
- Biorefineries for Biofuels & Bioproducts Laboratory (BBBL), Center for Transdisciplinary Research, Department of Pharmacology, Saveeta Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, 600077, India; Center of Excellence in Catalysis for Bioenergy and Renewable Chemicals (CBRC), Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Pathum Wan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
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Aswathy J, Resmi R, Joseph J, Joseph R, John A, Abraham A. Calotropis gigantea incorporated alginate dialdehyde-gelatin hydrogels for cartilage tissue regeneration in Osteoarthritis. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2023.104372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/28/2023]
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