Wenxin Keli for the Treatment of Arrhythmia-Systems Pharmacology and In Vivo Pharmacological Assessment

Synthesis and In Vivo Antiarrhythmic Activity Evaluation of Novel Scutellarein Analogues as Voltage-Gated Nav1.5 and Cav1.2 Channels Blockers

Malignant cardiac arrhythmias with high morbidity and mortality have posed a significant threat to our human health. Scutellarein, a metabolite of Scutellarin which is isolated from Scutellaria altissima L., presents excellent therapeutic effects on cardiovascular diseases and could further be metabolized into methylated forms. A series of 22 new scutellarein derivatives with hydroxyl-substitution based on the scutellarin metabolite in vivo was designed, synthesized via the conjugation of the scutellarein scaffold with pharmacophores of FDA-approved antiarrhythmic medications and evaluated for their antiarrhythmic activity through the analyzation of the rat number of arrhythmia recovery, corresponding to the recovery time and maintenance time in the rat model of barium chloride-induced arrhythmia, as well as the cumulative dosage of aconitine required to induce VP, VT, VF and CA in the rat model of aconitine-induced arrhythmia. All designed compounds could shorten the time of the arrhythmia continuum induced by barium chloride, indicating that 4'-hydroxy substituents of scutellarein had rapid-onset antiarrhythmic effects. In addition, nearly all of the compounds could normalize the HR, RR, QRS, QT and QTc interval, as well as the P/T waves' amplitude. The most promising compound 10e showed the best antiarrhythmic activity with long-term efficacy and extremely low cytotoxicity, better than the positive control scutellarein. This result was also approved by the computational docking simulation. Most importantly, patch clamp measurements on Nav1.5 and Cav1.2 channels indicated that compound 10e was able to reduce the INa and ICa in a concentration-dependent manner and left-shifted the inactivation curve of Nav1.5. Taken together, all compounds were considered to be antiarrhythmic. Compound 10e even showed no proarrhythmic effect and could be classified as Ib Vaughan Williams antiarrhythmic agents. What is more, compound 10e did not block the hERG potassium channel which highly associated with cardiotoxicity.

Potential Effects of Traditional Chinese Medicine on COVID-19 and Cardiac Injury: Mechanisms and Clinical Evidence

Coronavirus disease 2019 is a "Public Health Emergency of International Concern" from 30 January 2020 to 5 May 2023. While battling Coronavirus disease 2019, the Chinese government has actively promoted the collaborative treatment model of Western medicine and traditional Chinese medicine, and clinical and scientific research has applied appropriate and rigorous methodology. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection may damage the cardiovascular system via an unclarified pathogenic mechanism. The National Health Commission of China recommends 'three formulas and three medicines' for the treatment of coronavirus disease 2019, which have been shown to be most effective in the treatments. Data from randomized controlled trials of 'three formulas and three medicines' suggested that the traditional Chinese medicine is safe and can alleviate the symptoms of cardiac injury. Therefore, we further evaluate the benefits and safety of traditional Chinese medicine treatment for Coronavirus disease 2019 patients with cardiac injury across the care continuum.

Systematic Qualitative and Quantitative Analyses of Wenxin Granule via Ultra-High Performance Liquid Chromatography Coupled with Ion Mobility Quadrupole Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry and Triple Quadrupole–Linear Ion Trap Mass Spectrometry

Wenxin granule (WXG) is a popular traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) preparation for the treatment of arrhythmia disease. Potent analytical technologies are needed to elucidate its chemical composition and assess the quality differences among multibatch samples. In this work, both a multicomponent characterization and quantitative assay of WXG were conducted using two liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC-MS) approaches. An ultra-high performance liquid chromatography–ion mobility quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC/IM-QTOF-MS) approach combined with intelligent peak annotation workflows was developed to characterize the multicomponents of WXG. A hybrid scan approach enabling alternative data-independent and data-dependent acquisitions was established. We characterized 205 components, including 92 ginsenosides, 53 steroidal saponins, 14 alkaloids, and 46 others. Moreover, an optimized scheduled multiple reaction monitoring (sMRM) method was elaborated, targeting 24 compounds of WXG via ultra-high performance liquid chromatography–triple quadrupole linear ion trap mass spectrometry (UHPLC/QTrap-MS), which was validated based on its selectivity, precision, stability, repeatability, linearity, sensitivity, recovery, and matrix effect. By applying this method to 27 batches of WXG samples, the content variations of multiple markers from Notoginseng Radix et Rhizoma (21) and Codonopsis Radix (3) were depicted. Conclusively, we achieved the comprehensive multicomponent characterization and holistic quality assessment of WXG by targeting the non-volatile components.

Guilingji Protects Against Spermatogenesis Dysfunction From Oxidative Stress via Regulation of MAPK and Apoptotic Signaling Pathways in Immp2l Mutant Mice

Male infertility is a major health issue with an estimated prevalence of 4.2% of male infertility worldwide. Oxidative stress (OS) is one of the main causes of male infertility, which is characterized by excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) or lack of antioxidants. Meanwhile, it is reported that oxidative stress plays an important role in the spermatogenic impairment in Inner mitochondrial membrane peptidase 2-like (Immp2l) mutant mice. In this study, we focused on the potential mechanism of Guilingji in protecting the spermatogenic functions in Immp2l mutant mice. The results revealed that Immp2l mutant mice exhibit impaired spermatogenesis and histology shows seminiferous tubules with reduced spermatogenic cells. After administration of Guilingji [150 mg/kg per day intragastric gavage], however, alleviated spermatogenesis impairment and reversed testis histopathological damage and reduced apoptosis. What’s more, western blotting and the levels of redox classic markers revealed that Guilingji can markedly reduce reactive oxygen species. Moreover, Guilingji treatment led to inhibition of the phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), regulated apoptosis in the cells. In summary, Guilingji can improve spermatogenesis in Immp2l mutant mice by regulating oxidation-antioxidant balance and MAPK pathway. Our data suggests that Guilingji may be a promising and effective antioxidant candidate for the treatment of male infertility.