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Abubakar AS, Huang X, Birhanie ZM, Gao G, Feng X, Yu C, Chen P, Chen J, Chen K, Wang X, Zhu A. Phytochemical Composition, Antioxidant, Antibacterial, and Enzyme Inhibitory Activities of Various Organic Extracts from Apocynum hendersonii (Hook.f.) Woodson. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11151964. [PMID: 35956439 PMCID: PMC9370764 DOI: 10.3390/plants11151964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 07/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Apocynum hendersonii is a traditional medicinal plant used primarily as tea. It has a potential health benefit from its rich bioactive substances. This study investigated the reactivity of solvents of different polarities (ethanol, ethyl acetate, n-hexane, methanol, and water) extracts of the A. hendersonii leaf. The phytochemical composition of the extracts was evaluated using a Fourier Transform Infrared spectrophotometer (FT-IR), Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS), UHPLC-MS, and Higher Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). The result revealed the presence of medicinally important bioactive constituents, including phenols, flavonoids, and polysaccharides. Methanol extracts exhibited the highest flavonoid contents (20.11 ± 0.85 mg QE/g DW) and the second-highest in terms of phenolic (9.25 ± 0.03 mg GAE/g DW) and polysaccharide (119.66 ± 2.65 mg GE/g DW). It also had the highest antioxidant capacity with 60.30 ± 0.52% and 4.60 ± 0.02 µmol Fe2+ per g DW based on a 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging assay and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), respectively. Ethanol extract displayed the maximum antibacterial action against Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria and the highest inhibition activity against the enzymes tyrosinase and acetylcholinesterase, followed by methanol extract. The principal component analysis revealed a positive correlation between the constituents, bioactivities, and extracts. The overall result showed A. hendersonii as a rich natural source of antimicrobial and antioxidant bioactive compounds and may be used for future applications in pharmaceuticals and food industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aminu Shehu Abubakar
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410205, China; (A.S.A.); (X.H.); (Z.M.B.); (G.G.); (X.F.); (C.Y.); (P.C.); (J.C.); (K.C.); (X.W.)
- Department of Agronomy, Bayero University Kano, Kano PMB 3011, Nigeria
| | - Xiaoyu Huang
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410205, China; (A.S.A.); (X.H.); (Z.M.B.); (G.G.); (X.F.); (C.Y.); (P.C.); (J.C.); (K.C.); (X.W.)
| | - Ziggiju Mesenbet Birhanie
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410205, China; (A.S.A.); (X.H.); (Z.M.B.); (G.G.); (X.F.); (C.Y.); (P.C.); (J.C.); (K.C.); (X.W.)
| | - Gang Gao
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410205, China; (A.S.A.); (X.H.); (Z.M.B.); (G.G.); (X.F.); (C.Y.); (P.C.); (J.C.); (K.C.); (X.W.)
| | - Xinkang Feng
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410205, China; (A.S.A.); (X.H.); (Z.M.B.); (G.G.); (X.F.); (C.Y.); (P.C.); (J.C.); (K.C.); (X.W.)
| | - Chunming Yu
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410205, China; (A.S.A.); (X.H.); (Z.M.B.); (G.G.); (X.F.); (C.Y.); (P.C.); (J.C.); (K.C.); (X.W.)
| | - Ping Chen
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410205, China; (A.S.A.); (X.H.); (Z.M.B.); (G.G.); (X.F.); (C.Y.); (P.C.); (J.C.); (K.C.); (X.W.)
| | - Jikang Chen
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410205, China; (A.S.A.); (X.H.); (Z.M.B.); (G.G.); (X.F.); (C.Y.); (P.C.); (J.C.); (K.C.); (X.W.)
| | - Kunmei Chen
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410205, China; (A.S.A.); (X.H.); (Z.M.B.); (G.G.); (X.F.); (C.Y.); (P.C.); (J.C.); (K.C.); (X.W.)
| | - Xiaofei Wang
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410205, China; (A.S.A.); (X.H.); (Z.M.B.); (G.G.); (X.F.); (C.Y.); (P.C.); (J.C.); (K.C.); (X.W.)
| | - Aiguo Zhu
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410205, China; (A.S.A.); (X.H.); (Z.M.B.); (G.G.); (X.F.); (C.Y.); (P.C.); (J.C.); (K.C.); (X.W.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-173-7588-1728
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Younus M, Mohtasheem-ul-Hasan M, Ijaz S, Kamran M, Maqsood A, Saddique B, Nisar U, Ashraf M, Mahmoud EA, El-Sabrout AM, Elansary HO. Investigation of Euphorbia nivulia-HAM for Enzyme Inhibition Potential in Relation to the Phenolic and Flavonoid Contents and Radical Scavenging Activity. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:life12020321. [PMID: 35207608 PMCID: PMC8875530 DOI: 10.3390/life12020321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Euphorbia nivulia-Ham (EN) is a neglected medicinal plant traditionally used for a number of pathologies, but it has not been explored scientifically. In the current study, its various fractions were assessed for their phenolic and flavonoid content, radical scavenging, as well as its enzyme inhibitory potential. The hydro-alcoholic crude extract (ENCr) was subjected to a fractionation scheme to obtain different fractions, namely n-hexane (ENHF), chloroform (ENCF), n-butanol (ENBF), and aqueous fraction (ENAF). The obtained results revealed that the highest phenolic and flavonoid content, maximum radical scavenging potential (91 ± 0.55%), urease inhibition (54.36 ± 1.47%), and α-glucosidase inhibition (97.84 ± 1.87%) were exhibited by ENCr, while the ENBF fraction exhibited the highest acetylcholinestrase inhibition (57.32 ± 0.43%). Contrary to these, hydro-alcoholic crude as well as the other fractions showed no significant butyrylcholinestrases (BChE) and carbonic anhydrase inhibition activity. Conclusively, it was found that EN possesses a significant radical scavenging and enzyme inhibitory potential. Thus, the study may be regarded a step forward towards evidence-based phyto-medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Younus
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan;
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Karachi, Sindh 75270, Pakistan;
| | | | - Shakeel Ijaz
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, D02 PN40 Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan
- Correspondence: (S.I.); (M.K.); (H.O.E.)
| | - Muhammad Kamran
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5005, Australia
- Correspondence: (S.I.); (M.K.); (H.O.E.)
| | - Ambreen Maqsood
- Faculty of Agriculture, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan; (A.M.); (B.S.)
| | - Bushra Saddique
- Faculty of Agriculture, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan; (A.M.); (B.S.)
| | - Uzair Nisar
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ziauddin University, Karachi 75600, Pakistan;
| | - Muhammad Ashraf
- Department of Chemistry, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan;
| | - Eman A. Mahmoud
- Department of Food Industries, Faculty of Agriculture, Damietta University, Damietta 34511, Egypt;
| | - Ahmed M. El-Sabrout
- Department of Applied Entomology and Zoology, Faculty of Agriculture (EL-Shatby), Alexandria University, Alexandria 21545, Egypt;
| | - Hosam O. Elansary
- Plant Production Department, College of Food & Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence: (S.I.); (M.K.); (H.O.E.)
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