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Du X, Guo S, Mu X, Mei S, Yang R, Zhang H, Jiang C, Zhang J. Bencaosome [16:0 Lyso PA+XLGB28-sRNA] improves osteoporosis by simultaneously promoting osteogenesis and inhibiting osteoclastogenesis in mice. IUBMB Life 2024. [PMID: 39012196 DOI: 10.1002/iub.2857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/17/2024]
Abstract
Osteoporosis (OP) is a systemic metabolic bone disease resulting in reduced bone strength and increased susceptibility to fractures, making it a significant public health and economic problem worldwide. The clinical use of anti-osteoporosis agents is limited because of their serious side effects or the high cost of long-term use. The Xianlinggubao (XLGB) formula is an effective traditional Chinese herbal medicine commonly used in orthopedics to treat osteoporosis; however, its mechanism of action remains unclear. In this study, we screened 40 small RNAs derived from XLGB capsules and found that XLGB28-sRNA targeting TNFSF11 exerted a significant anti-osteoporosis effect in vitro and in vivo by simultaneously promoting osteogenesis and inhibiting osteoclastogenesis. Oral administration of bencaosome [16:0 Lyso PA+XLGB28-sRNA] effectively improved bone mineral density and reduced the damage to the bone microstructure in mice. These results suggest that XLGB28-sRNA may be a novel oligonucleotide drug that promotes osteogenesis and inhibits osteoclastogenesis in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Du
- State Key Laboratory of Common Mechanism Research for Major Diseases, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Shaoting Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Common Mechanism Research for Major Diseases, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xuemeng Mu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College (CAMS & PUMC), Beijing, China
| | - Song Mei
- State Key Laboratory of Common Mechanism Research for Major Diseases, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Rui Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Common Mechanism Research for Major Diseases, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Hengyan Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College (CAMS & PUMC), Beijing, China
| | - Chengyu Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Common Mechanism Research for Major Diseases, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jia Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College (CAMS & PUMC), Beijing, China
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Du ZY, Zhu HL, Chang W, Zhang YF, Ling Q, Wang KW, Zhang J, Zhang QB, Kan XL, Wang QN, Wang H, Zhou Y. Maternal prednisone exposure during pregnancy elevates susceptibility to osteoporosis in female offspring: The role of mitophagy/FNDC5 alteration in skeletal muscle. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 469:133997. [PMID: 38508115 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.133997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Maternal exposure to glucocorticoids has been associated with adverse outcomes in offspring. However, the consequences and mechanisms of gestational exposure to prednisone on susceptibility to osteoporosis in the offspring remain unclear. Here, we found that gestational prednisone exposure enhanced susceptibility to osteoporosis in adult mouse offspring. In a further exploration of myogenic mechanisms, results showed that gestational prednisone exposure down-regulated FNDC5/irisin protein expression and activation of OPTN-dependent mitophagy in skeletal muscle of adult offspring. Additional experiments elucidated that activated mitophagy significantly inhibited the expression of FNDC5/irisin in skeletal muscle cells. Likewise, we observed delayed fetal bone development, downregulated FNDC5/irisin expression, and activated mitophagy in fetal skeletal muscle upon gestational prednisone exposure. In addition, an elevated total m6A level was observed in fetal skeletal muscle after gestational prednisone exposure. Finally, gestational supplementation with S-adenosylhomocysteine (SAH), an inhibitor of m6A activity, attenuated mitophagy and restored FNDC5/irisin expression in fetal skeletal muscle, which in turn reversed fetal bone development. Overall, these data indicate that gestational prednisone exposure increases m6A modification, activates mitophagy, and decreases FNDC5/irisin expression in skeletal muscle, thus elevating osteoporosis susceptibility in adult offspring. Our results provide a new perspective on the earlier prevention and treatment of fetal-derived osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zun-Yu Du
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Hefei, China
| | - Hua-Long Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Hefei, China; Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Wei Chang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Hefei, China; Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yu-Feng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Hefei, China; Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; Teaching and Research Section of Nuclear Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Qing Ling
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Hefei, China; Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Kai-Wen Wang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Hefei, China; Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Jin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Hefei, China; Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Quan-Bing Zhang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Xiu-Li Kan
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Qu-Nan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Hefei, China; Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Hua Wang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Hefei, China; Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.
| | - Yun Zhou
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.
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Ye Z, Liu Y, Song J, Gao Y, Fang H, Hu Z, Zhang M, Liao W, Cui L, Liu Y. Expanding the therapeutic potential of Salvia miltiorrhiza: a review of its pharmacological applications in musculoskeletal diseases. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1276038. [PMID: 38116081 PMCID: PMC10728493 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1276038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Salvia miltiorrhiz, commonly known as "Danshen" in Chinese medicine, has longstanding history of application in cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. Renowned for its diverse therapeutic properties, including promoting blood circulation, removing blood stasis, calming the mind, tonifying the blood, and benefiting the "Qi", recent studies have revealed its significant positive effects on bone metabolism. This potential has garnered attention for its promising role in treating musculoskeletal disorders. Consequently, there is a high anticipation for a comprehensive review of the potential of Salvia miltiorrhiza in the treatment of various musculoskeletal diseases, effectively introducing an established traditional Chinese medicine into a burgeoning field. AIM OF THE REVIEW Musculoskeletal diseases (MSDs) present significant challenges to healthcare systems worldwide. Previous studies have demonstrated the high efficacy and prospects of Salvia miltiorrhiza and its active ingredients for treatment of MSDs. This review aims to illuminate the newfound applications of Salvia miltiorrhiza and its active ingredients in the treatment of various MSDs, effectively bridging the gap between an established medicine and an emerging field. METHODS In this review, previous studies related to Salvia miltiorrhiza and its active ingredients on the treatment of MSD were collected, the specific active ingredients of Salvia miltiorrhiza were summarized, the effects of Salvia miltiorrhiza and its active ingredients for the treatment of MSDs, as well as their potential molecular mechanisms were reviewed and discussed. RESULTS Based on previous publications, Salvianolic acid A, salvianolic acid B, tanshinone IIA are the representative active ingredients of Salvia miltiorrhiza. Their application has shown significant beneficial outcomes in osteoporosis, fractures, and arthritis. Salvia miltiorrhiza and its active ingredients protect against MSDs by regulating different signaling pathways, including ROS, Wnt, MAPK, and NF-κB signaling. CONCLUSION Salvia miltiorrhiza and its active ingredients demonstrate promising potential for bone diseases and have been explored across a wide variety of MSDs. Further exploration of Salvia miltiorrhiza's pharmacological applications in MSDs holds great promise for advancing therapeutic interventions and improving the lives of patients suffering from these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqiang Ye
- Zhanjiang Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Technology and Trauma Treatment, Zhanjiang Central Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Natural Drug, School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for the Prevention and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Guangdong Provincial Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Central People’s Hospital of Zhanjiang), Zhanjiang, China
| | - Yuyu Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Natural Drug, School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Jintong Song
- Zhanjiang Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Technology and Trauma Treatment, Zhanjiang Central Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Natural Drug, School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for the Prevention and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Guangdong Provincial Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Central People’s Hospital of Zhanjiang), Zhanjiang, China
| | - Yin Gao
- Zhanjiang Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Technology and Trauma Treatment, Zhanjiang Central Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Natural Drug, School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
- Marine Medical Research Institute of Zhanjiang, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Haiping Fang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Natural Drug, School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Zilong Hu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Natural Drug, School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Min Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Natural Drug, School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Wenwei Liao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Natural Drug, School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Liao Cui
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Natural Drug, School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Yanzhi Liu
- Zhanjiang Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Technology and Trauma Treatment, Zhanjiang Central Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Natural Drug, School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for the Prevention and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Guangdong Provincial Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Central People’s Hospital of Zhanjiang), Zhanjiang, China
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Liu X, Huang M, Wang L, Yang C, Zhang M, Wang Q. Decipher the pharmacological mechanisms of raw and wine-processed Curculigo orchioides Gaertn. on bone destruction in rheumatoid arthritis rats using metabolomics. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 310:116395. [PMID: 36958673 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.116395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Curculigo orchioides Gaertn. (CO), a traditional Chinese herb recorded in Chinese Pharmacopoeia, can nourish kidney yang, strengthen bones, and dispell cold-dampness. Raw CO (rCO) and wine-processed CO (pCO), the main processed products of CO for clinical application, show differences in nourishing kidney yang and ameliorate osteoporosis. However, the difference in efficacy and mechanism of rCO and pCO on bone destruction in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) remain unclear. AIM OF THE STUDY To compare the pharmacodynamics of rCO and pCO in the treatment of bone destruction in RA and to reveal the potential mechanism by which rCO and pCO exert effects by metabolomics approach. MATERIALS AND METHODS Ultra-high performance liquid chromatography Q exactive mass spectrometry (UHPLC-Q-Exactive-MS) combined with multivariate data analysis was applied to identify the differential chemical components in rCO and pCO. Collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) rats were orally administrated with different doses of rCO and pCO for 4 weeks. The body weight, paw swelling, arthritis scores, serum inflammatory cytokines concentration, knee tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-6 protein levels, and inflammatory cell infiltration were determined to investigate the effects of rCO and pCO on arthritic symptoms and inflammatory responses in CIA rats. The effects of rCO and pCO on bone destruction were assessed using safranin O-fast green and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) staining, immunohistochemical analysis of osteoprotegerin (OPG) and receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL) proteins, and micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) in rats. In addition, metabolomics was performed to explore the mechanism of rCO and pCO against bone destruction in RA. RESULTS A total of 41 chemical constituents were identified in both rCO and pCO, 9 of which were screened out as discriminatory compounds. According to the pharmacodynamic assays, pCO exhibited a stronger effect than rCO in attenuating the severity of arthritis, reducing inflammation, and inhibiting bone destruction. The metabolomics results showed that pentose phosphate pathway was the key metabolic pathways regulated by rCO, while pCO regulated multiple metabolic pathways including phenylalanine metabolism pathways, phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan biosynthesis, taurine and hypotaurine metabolism, and glycerophospholipid metabolism pathways. CONCLUSION pCO displayed a better effect on alleviating bone destruction in RA was than rCO. This might be associated with that pCO can decrease inflammation in RA through regulating more metabolism pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China; Department of Pharmacy, Chongqing Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Chongqing, 400021, China
| | - Mingchun Huang
- Department of Pharmacy, Chongqing Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Chongqing, 400021, China
| | - Lijuan Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Chongqing Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Chongqing, 400021, China
| | - Chen Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University, Chengdu, 610106, China
| | - Mei Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China.
| | - Qin Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Chongqing Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Chongqing, 400021, China.
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Li J, Li X, Zhou S, Wang Y, Lu Y, Wang Q, Zhao F. Tetrandrine inhibits RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis by promoting the degradation of TRAIL. Mol Med 2022; 28:141. [DOI: 10.1186/s10020-022-00568-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Tetrandrine, a bisbenzylisoquinoline (BBI) alkaloid extracted from Stephania tetrandra (S. Moore), and is widely used in several diseases such as tuberculosis, hyperglycemia, malaria, and tumors. Tetrandrine was recently shown to prevent bone loss in ovariectomized mice. However, the specific mechanism underlying osteoclastogenesis inhibition remains unclear.
Methods
Tetrandrine’s cytotoxicity to cells was determined using the Cell Counting Kit-8 assay. Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase staining, immunofluorescence and bone resorption assay were performed to evaluate osteoclasts’ differentiation and absorption capacity. The bone-forming capacity was assessed using alkaline phosphatase and Alizarin red S staining. qPCR and Western blotting were applied to assess the related genes and protein expression. Tetrandrine’s impact on TRAIL was demonstrated through a co-immunoprecipitation assay. Animal experiments were performed for the detection of the therapeutic effect of Tetrandrine on osteoporosis.
Results
Tetrandrine attenuated RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis and decreased the related gene expression. The co-immunoprecipitation assay revealed that Tetrandrine administration accelerated the ubiquitination of TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL), which was subsequently degraded. Moreover, TRAIL overexpression was found to partially reverse the Tetrandrine-induced inhibition of osteoclastogenesis. Meanwhile, Tetrandrine significantly inhibited the phosphorylation of p38, p65, JNK, IKBα and IKKα/β, while the TRAIL overexpression weakened this effect. In addition, Tetrandrine promoted osteogenesis and inhibited the TRAIL expression in osteoblasts. Tetrandrine consistently improved bone destruction by stimulating bone formation and inhibiting bone resorption in an OVX-induced mouse model.
Conclusion
Tetrandrine inhibits RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis by promoting TRAIL degradation and promotes osteoblast differentiation, suggesting its potential in antiosteopenia pharmacotherapy.
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Concerted regulation of OPG/RANKL/ NF‑κB/MMP-13 trajectories contribute to ameliorative capability of prodigiosin and/or low dose γ-radiation against adjuvant- induced arthritis in rats. Int Immunopharmacol 2022; 111:109068. [PMID: 35944459 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.109068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prodigiosin (PDG) is a microbial red dye with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, although its effect on rheumatoid arthritis (RA) remains uncertain. Also, multiple doses of low dose γ- radiation (LDR) have been observed to be as a successful intervention for RA. Thus, the purpose of this study was to investigate the ameliorative potential of PDG and/or LDR on adjuvant-induced arthritis (AIA) in rats. METHODS The anti-inflammatory and anti-arthritic effects of PDG and/or LDR were examined in vitro and in vivo, respectively. In the AIA model, the arthritic indexes, paw swelling degrees, body weight gain, and histopathological assessment in AIA rats were assayed. The impact of PDG (200 µg/kg; p.o) and/or LDR (0.5 Gy) on the levels of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-6, IL-18, IL-17A, and IL-10) as well as the regulation of osteoprotegrin (OPG)/ receptor activator of nuclear factor κB ligand (RANKL)/ nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB)/MMP-13 pathways was determined. Methotrexate (MTX; 0.05 mg/kg; twice/week, i.p) was administered concurrently as a standard anti-arthritic drug. RESULTS PDG and/or LDR markedly diminished the arthritic indexes, paw edema, weigh loss in AIA rats, alleviated the pathological alterations in joints, reduced the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-6, IL-18, IL-17A, and RANKL in serum and synovial tissues, while increasing anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-10 and OPG levels. Moreover, PDG and/or LDR down-regulated the expression of RANKL, NF-κBp65, MMP13, caspase-3, and decreased the RANKL/OPG ratio, whereas OPG and collagen II were enhanced in synovial tissues. CONCLUSION PDG and/or LDR exhibited obvious anti-RA activity on AIA.
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Bai RJ, Li YS, Zhang FJ. Osteopontin, a bridge links osteoarthritis and osteoporosis. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:1012508. [PMID: 36387862 PMCID: PMC9649917 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.1012508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most prevalent joint disease characterized by degradation of articular cartilage, inflammation, and changes in periarticular and subchondral bone of joints. Osteoporosis (OP) is another systemic skeletal disease characterized by low bone mass and bone mineral density (BMD) accompanied by microarchitectural deterioration in bone tissue and increased bone fragility and fracture risk. Both OA and OP are mainly affected on the elderly people. Recent studies have shown that osteopontin (OPN) plays a vital role in bone metabolism and homeostasis. OPN involves these biological activities through participating in the proliferation, migration, differentiation, and adhesion of several bone-related cells, including chondrocytes, synoviocytes, osteoclasts, osteoblasts, and marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). OPN has been demonstrated to be closely related to the occurrence and development of many bone-related diseases, such as OA and OP. This review summarizes the role of OPN in regulating inflammation activity and bone metabolism in OA and OP. Furthermore, some drugs that targeted OPN to treat OA and OP are also summarized in the review. However, the complex mechanism of OPN in regulating OA and OP is not fully elucidated, which drives us to explore the depth effect of OPN on these two bone diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui-Jun Bai
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yu-Sheng Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, China
- *Correspondence: Yu-Sheng Li, ; Fang-Jie Zhang,
| | - Fang-Jie Zhang
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- *Correspondence: Yu-Sheng Li, ; Fang-Jie Zhang,
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